The water is still bright, but the spirit is good! Heart of a saint, calm down! Lessons from heaven and earth; The mirror of all things. Husband is empty, quiet and indifferent, heaven and earth are flat and virtuous, and emperors and saints rest. Hugh is empty, empty is real, but it is actually awkward. Virtual is static, static is moving, and moving is enough. Silence is inaction, and inaction is also the responsibility of the server. If you do nothing, you will be Yu Yu, and if you are Yu Yu, you will have a long life.
Empty husband, quiet and indifferent, is the foundation of all things. Ming this south township, Yao is also a gentleman; Coming to the north tomorrow, Shun is also a minister. Here, the emperor's virtue is also; Here, XuanShengSu Wang Zhidao also. In this way, I retired, wandering the rivers and lakes, and I was well dressed in the mountains; Take this as a way to improve and help the world, and you will achieve great success and become the best in the world.
Quiet and holy, moving and king, doing nothing and respecting, simple and beautiful in the world. If the husband is virtuous tomorrow, this is called a big book, and it is also with heaven and earth; So, it's all about the world, and it's also about people. Harmony with people is called happiness; People who are in harmony with heaven are called Tianle.
Zhuangzi said, "I am a teacher! I am a teacher! It is no coincidence that all things are not evil, and all ages benefit from it instead of benevolent governance, and it is longer than ancient times, but not for longevity. It is no coincidence that heaven and earth carve various shapes. This is called tianle. Therefore, it is said:' He who knows the joy of heaven is happy in life and materialized in death. Harmony between static and yin, harmony between dynamic and yang. "
As old friends, people who enjoy themselves in heaven have no complaints, no faults, no tiredness and no ghost responsibilities. Therefore:' Move in the sky, be quiet and calm, and be determined to rule the world with one heart; Its ghost is not special, its soul is not tired, and everything is wholeheartedly served. "Words from the empty static push heaven and earth, then everything. This is called tianle. The joy of heaven, the heart of a saint, and the beast of the world. "
The virtue of husband and emperor is based on heaven and earth, with virtue as the main principle and inaction as the criterion. Doing nothing is more than using the world; If you do something, you will be used by the world and not enough. Therefore, the ancients did everything they could. There is no movement above, and there is no movement below. That is, the bottom and the top are one heart, and the bottom and the top are one heart. Doing something in the bottom and doing something in the top shows that the top and bottom are consistent, and the top and bottom are not the main ones.
There is no easy way to use the world for nothing, and there is no easy way to use the world for nothing. Therefore, the ancient king of the world knew that he didn't care about himself, although he fell into heaven and earth; Although the debate carves everything, it speaks for itself; Although you are poor in the sea, you don't do it yourself.
Heaven does not produce everything, the earth does not grow fertile ground for everything, and the emperor does nothing for the world. Therefore, silence in the sky, Mofu in the ground, is bigger than the emperor. Therefore, Dide matches heaven and earth. In this way, the world is full of everything, and the crowd method is also used.
This lies in the top, in the bottom, in the Lord and in the minister. The luck of the three armies and five soldiers is also the end of virtue; Reward and punish the interests, the king of the five punishments, and teach the end; The degree of etiquette, the ratio of form to name is detailed, and the end of treatment is also; The sound of bells and drums, the capacity of feathers, the end of music; Crying and death, killing clothes, the end of mourning. At the end of the fifth, you should have spiritual luck, mental exercise, and then follow.
At the end of the scholars, the ancients had it, not before. The monarch follows the minister first, the father follows the son first, the brother follows the younger brother first, the brother follows the younger brother first, the man follows the woman first, and the husband follows the woman first. The husband is humble, and the trip to heaven and earth is also, so the sage takes pictures. Heaven is humble, and the position of the gods is also; First spring and summer, then autumn and winter, the order of the four seasons.
Everything changes, the sprouting area takes shape, the ups and downs kill, and the flow of change also. Heaven and earth are the best, but there are priorities, and the situation is humane! The ancestral temple is still close, the court is still respectful, the hardworking folks are still teeth, and they act in Shang Xian, and the order of the avenue is also. The way of speaking is not its order, not its way; People who say words, people who don't say words, hold the words steady!
Those who know the past, first tomorrow, later morality, later morality, later benevolence, later benevolence, defender's way, defender's way, later ranking, later naming, later appointing, later saving, later saving, later rewarding and later punishing. Reward and punishment are clear, the ignorant are suitable, the noble are humble, and the benevolent are arrogant.
Must be divided into its capabilities, must be named after it. In this matter, take this animal as the next step, treat others and do things in this way, and cultivate one's morality; If you know what to do, you will return to the sky. This is called peace and governance.
So the book says: "tangible and famous." The ancients had names, not before. There is an old saying that five changes are named, and nine changes are rewarded and punished. Suddenly, the name of the language is unknown; I don't know the beginning of sudden rewards and punishments.
On the contrary, if you preach, you can treat people as they are! It is the ability to know the law, not the way to know the law. Can be used in the world, not enough for the world, this is called a debater, a song of people. The ceremony is several times, and the name is more detailed than that of the ancients. This is because it is not the reason why animals are born.
Qian Shun asked, "What does the heavenly king want?" Yao said, "I don't worry about poverty, I don't abolish poverty, I suffer the dead, I love my son, and I mourn my daughter. This is why I have been careful. " Shun said, "Beauty is beauty, not greatness." Yao said, "But what?" Shun said, "Heaven is virtuous, and the sun shines at four o'clock. There are classics day and night, and the clouds are raining. "
Yao said, "Glue is a joke! Son, the combination of heaven and earth; I, the combination of people. " Heaven and earth, the ancient place is big, and the Yellow Emperor Yao Shun is beautiful. Therefore, the king of the ancient world, Xi for zai? It's heaven and earth.
Confucius' Tibetan books are in Zhou's family. Zi Lu said, "I heard that Zhou has a history of harvest, so I went back without asking. If you want to collect books, you must find a way to find out why. " Confucius
I went to see Lao Dan, but Lao Dan refused, so I said it in the Twelve Classics. Lao Dan said to Zhong Qi, "Big shot, I want to hear what he wants." Confucius said, "The benevolent." Lao Dan said: "Excuse me, benevolence and righteousness, human nature is evil?" Confucius said, "Of course. A gentleman can't be ruthless, and injustice can't be born. Benevolence, human nature, and ridicule? "
Lao Dan said, "What is benevolence and righteousness?" Confucius said: "the center is everything, and love is selfless." This kind of benevolence and righteousness is also. " Lao Dan said, "I mean, this is almost a postscript! Husband and wife two of a kind is not pedantic! Selflessness is private. What if the master wants to create the world without losing his shepherd? Then heaven and earth are inherently constant, the sun and the moon are inherently clear, the stars are inherently listed, the animals are inherently clustered, and the trees are inherently established.
It's time for the master to be virtuous and take the right path; What is it to show benevolence and righteousness? Confucius' nature is also chaotic! "
When Shi Chengqi met Lao Tzu, he asked, "I heard that Master is a saint, but I really came a long way to see him and didn't dare to rest. I'm not a saint now. There are more rats than vegetables, and those who abandon their sisters are ruthless and immature, but there is no cliff. " I should not be indifferent.
Shi Chengqi will come to see you tomorrow and say, "My son used to have thorns on him, but now his heart is right. Why? " Laozi said, "I know that saints are clever, but I don't think we should eat fireworks." My son used to call me a cow and a horse. If there is truth, people will suffer from it and suffer from it. I always bring clothes and I don't have to bring clothes. "
Shi Chengqi walked in the shadow of a wild goose and then asked, "What about self-cultivation?" Laozi said: "I can stand on the cliff, but my eyes are rushing, but my eyes are abrupt, my mouth is abrupt, but I look like a horse." Don't move, seize the opportunity, examine and judge, and be clever? Yu Tai, you don't believe me. There are people around. That's stealing. "
Confucius said, "A husband's way never ends when he is big, but never leaves when he is small, so everything is ready. Guang Guang is almost unforgivable and unfathomable. Virtue and righteousness, the purpose of God, is not for anyone to decide! Husband's life is not too big!
And not tired. The world is full of wonderful things, but it is not with it. It is true and true, and it can keep its roots. Therefore, everything stays outside the world, and God has never been sleepy. General principles, shun is virtue, retreat is righteousness, courtesy and joy, until the people are stable. "
Books are also valuable in the world, but books are not words, and words are expensive. If the language is expensive, it means what it means. Those who follow the meaning cannot be explained in words, but the world exists because of your language. Although the world is expensive, I am still not expensive, because it is not expensive.
Therefore, those who can be seen are all kinds; Those who can hear and smell are also famous. Sad husband, the world's reputation is enough to win each other's favor! If a person's fame is not enough to win his love, then the knower doesn't speak, the speaker doesn't know, and the world doesn't know.
Huan Gong is studying in class. The wheel was flat under the hall, so he let out his spine and chiseled it up. He asked Huan Gong: "Do you dare to ask, what does the public reader say is evil?" Gong said, "The words of saints are also true." Say, "Do saints care?" Gong said, "I'm dead." Yue: "However, the readers in your place and the evil spirits of ancient people are already husbands!" Huan Gong said, "I'm studying, and it's my turn to discuss! Just say it, or you will die if you don't say it. "
Lun Bian said, "I also regard it as a matter of ministers. In the wheel, Xu is willing to do it, suffering and not entering. Not getting sick should come from your hands, but it should be in your heart. You can't talk, and there are a few things in it. I can't compare with my son, and my son can't be influenced by me, so I am 70 years old. The ancients can only be passed down after they die, but your readers, the evil spirits of the ancients have married! "
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The operation of natural laws never stops or stagnates, so everything can be generated; The rule of imperial power has never stagnated, so the people all over the world submit; The enlightened people's views and opinions on everything in the universe have never stopped, so the world is impressed.
Knowing nature and being familiar with sages, for those who know the virtues of emperors, the communication from top to bottom and the smoothness of the four seasons are all their own movements, and keeping a low profile never destroys the peace of mind. The inner peace of a wise man does not mean that peace is beautiful, so he pursues peace; Nothing can shake and disturb his heart, so his mind is empty and as quiet as ashes.
Water can clearly see people's eyebrows when it is still, and the plane of water conforms to the standard of leveling, which smart craftsmen will take as the standard. Level in Ming Che is very clear, let alone the human spirit! How ethereal and peaceful a wise man's mind is! Can be used as a mirror of heaven and earth, can be used as a mirror of everything.
Virtual quietness, calmness, loneliness and inaction are the benchmarks of heaven and earth and the highest realm of moral cultivation, so ancient emperors and wise men stayed in this realm. If you stay in this realm, your mood will be ethereal and light, full and natural.
Only when your mind is empty can you be calm, calm, exercise yourself, and get nothing without interference. Nothing can be done in vain, and inaction makes people do their duty. If you do nothing, you will be relaxed and complacent. People who are relaxed and complacent will not hide their sorrows and evils, and their life will be long. Virtual quietness, calmness, loneliness and inaction are the roots of everything.
Understand this truth and live in the position of emperor, just like Tang Yao being a monarch; Understand this truth, live in the position of a vassal, just like Yu Shun being a vassal. With this truth, being in a respected position is even the virtue of the emperor ruling the world; Because of this truth, you are in the position of ordinary people, even if you are familiar with the views and opinions of Xuanwang Su Sheng.
With this truth, hermits in the mountains are convinced; With this truth, you can get ahead and become famous in the world by entering the officialdom and appeasing the people all over the world. Silence becomes holiness, and deeds become emperor. Only by doing nothing can we achieve the status of respecting teachers and maintaining a simple nature. Nothing in the world can compare with him.
To understand the law of heaven and earth governing by doing nothing is to grasp the fundamental harmony and become a person in harmony with nature; Using this to balance everything and conform to the people's feelings is the person who is in harmony with everyone. Harmony with people is called human happiness; Harmony with nature is called heavenly joy.
Zhuangzi said, "My Lord! My master! Having everything is not a crime. It is called Tianle, and it is kind to all generations without pretending to be kind. It is long-lived but not long-lived, and it is not clever to cover the ground and carve the shape of everything.
Therefore, it is said:' People who are familiar with nature live in the world and move with nature. He died, and everything changed. When it is calm, it is quiet, and when it is moving, it fluctuates with yang. "So, people who abide by the happiness of heaven will not be blamed by heaven, will not be criticized, will not be bound by foreign objects, and will not be blamed by ghosts and gods.
Therefore, it is said:' When moving, it runs naturally, when it is still, it is as quiet as the earth, and inner stability dominates the world; Ghosts and demons will not work, their spirits will not dry up, and everything in their hearts will be completely convinced. "The meaning of these words is to push the emptiness into heaven and earth and achieve everything, which is called Tianle. The so-called tianle is the love of saints, which is used to raise heaven and earth. "
Dide takes heaven and earth as the foundation, morality as the core and inaction as the routine. The emperor does nothing, serves the world and has more leisure; The courtiers are promising, do everything in the world, and fear not enough.
So the ancients valued the emperor's inaction. The upper emperor does nothing, and the lower officials do nothing, so that officials have the same attitude as the emperor, and officials are the same as the emperor, not like officials; Subordinate officials have ambition, and so does the superior emperor, so the emperor and officials are the same, and the emperor and officials are the same, unlike an emperor.
The emperor should govern by doing nothing, and the officials should do something for the world. This is a law that cannot be changed at will. Therefore, people who ruled the world in ancient times never thought about it personally, even if wisdom could overcome the world; Even if eloquence can cover everything, never speak face to face; Talents never do it themselves, even if they can live in the sea.
God doesn't mean to produce anything, but everything changes naturally. The earth doesn't mean anything grows, but everything grows naturally. There is nothing the emperor can do, and he will naturally be governed. So nothing is more wonderful than the sky, nothing is richer than the earth, and nothing is greater than the emperor.
Therefore, Dide can be in harmony with heaven and earth. This is the way to control heaven and earth, drive away everything and appoint people under heaven.
Morality is ancient, benevolence and righteousness are present; The outline of governing the world is in the hands of the emperor, and complicated affairs remain in the work of the courtiers. The use of troops and various weapons is the manifestation of the decline of Dehua; Reward and punishment, guidance and punishment, and the implementation of various criminal laws are manifestations of the decline of law; Etiquette laws and regulations measure, count, compare and inspect the entity and appellation of things, which is the performance of governance decline.
The sound of bells and drums, the appearance of bird feathers and animal hair decoration, is the performance of vocal music decline; Dai Xiao, who was weeping bitterly and dressed in linen, wore all kinds of solemn or simple mourning clothes, which was a manifestation of sadness that could not be naturally revealed. Only by waiting for the natural operation of the spirit and the normal activities of the mind can these five little moves be eliminated and spontaneous.
The pursuit of details existed in ancient times, but it was not based on it. The monarch is the master, the father is the master, the brother is the master, the elder is the master and the younger is the slave, the man is the master and the woman is the slave, and the husband is the master and the wife is the slave. Respect and inferiority, successively, these are the laws of the operation of heaven and earth, so are ancient saints.
The sky is noble and the earth is humble, which is the level of the gods; Spring and summer come first, and autumn and winter come last. This is the order of the four seasons. Everything changes, and there are differences at the beginning of its birth, each with its own shape; The second order of ups and downs is the difference of things. Heaven and earth are the most sacred and mysterious, and there are generational sequences, not to mention social governance!
Ancestral hall respects blood, court respects nobles, village respects old age, and acts according to merits. This is the order arranged by Eternal Avenue. Talking about the avenue without criticizing the order arranged by the avenue is not really respecting the avenue; How can people who talk about the avenue but don't understand the avenue really get the avenue!
Therefore, people who are familiar with the avenue in ancient times first understand the law of nature and then understand morality. Morality has been understood before benevolence, and benevolence has been understood before duty. Duty has been understood before the shape and title of things are understood, and then they are allowed to do it, and then they are exempted or abolished.
Forgiveness or abolition is clear before right and wrong, before reward and punishment. Reward and punishment are clear, only stupid and smart people can get along well, and noble and humble people can get their places; Kindness, virtue and bad guys can all use truth. We must distinguish between our different talents and follow our different natural rights.
Serve the emperor like this, raise the people like this, manage everything like this, and cultivate yourself like this; If wisdom is not suitable for use, it must turn to nature. This is called world peace, which is the highest state of governing the country and leveling the world.
So the ancient book says, "tangible and famous." To understand and distinguish the form and appellation of things, some people did this in ancient times, but they did not put the concepts of form and name in the first place. In ancient times, people who preached the road began to explain the natural laws of things, and it took five stages to describe the shape and name of things, and then it took nine stages to talk about rewards and punishments.
It is impossible to understand the essence of the deduction of "shape and name" by talking about the form and title of things mechanically; It's impossible to know the beginning of rewards and punishments in a forceful discussion. Those who discuss the above deductive order upside down or refute it can only be ruled by others, how can they rule others!
Leave the above order, talk abruptly about fame, reward and punishment. Even if such people know the tools to govern the world, they will not know the rules to govern the world. Can be used by the world, but not enough to rule the world; This kind of person is called a debater, that is, a shallow person who can only know a corner of things.
Counting, measuring etiquette laws and regulations, comparing and examining the shapes and names of things have existed since ancient times. This is the practice of serving the emperor by liegeman, not the attitude of the emperor to raise his subjects.
Shun asked Yao, "What are your plans to be the son of heaven?" Yao said: "I never insult the people, nor do I abandon those poor people who have no way to live." I am anxious for the deceased, kind to my younger son and sympathetic to those women. " These are the ways I care. "
Shun said: "It is certainly good to do this well, but it is not great." Yao said, "What should I do?" Shun said: "it is natural and peaceful, like the sun and the moon shining, the four seasons running, like alternating day and night, forming a routine, like clouds fluttering in the wind, raindrops giving everything." Yao said, "It's been a busy day! You live in harmony with nature; I am in line with personnel. "
Heaven and earth have been the largest since ancient times, and both Huangdi and Yao Shun praised them. So, what did people who ruled the world in ancient times do? Just imitate heaven and earth.
Confucius wanted to keep the book in the royal family of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Lutz suggested, "I heard that Lao Dan, a historian of the Zhou royal family, has retired and returned to his hometown to live in seclusion. If Mr. Zi wants to collect books, he might as well ask for advice through his home. " Confucius said, "Good."
When Confucius visited Lao Dan, Lao Dan refused to grant Confucius' request, so Confucius consulted many classics and explained them repeatedly. Lao Dan interrupted Confucius' explanation halfway and said, "You are too wordy. I hope to hear the important contents of these books. " Confucius said, "The essence lies in benevolence and righteousness." Lao Dan said, "Is benevolence and righteousness human nature?"
Confucius said, "Yes. A gentleman can't be famous if he is unkind, and injustice can't be based on society. Kindness is indeed human nature. What can you do without it? " Lao Dan said, "Excuse me again, what is benevolence and righteousness?" Confucius said: "Benevolence and harmony, universal love without partiality, this is the truth of benevolence and righteousness."
Lao Dan said, "alas! What you said later was almost all flashy and hypocritical! It is precisely because the temperament has been corrupted that it is necessary to emphasize fraternity! It is precisely because of selfishness that we need to emphasize selflessness. Sir, do you want people all over the world to lose the conditions to support themselves?
Then, heaven and earth have their own laws of motion, the sun and moon have their own light, the stars have their own sequences, animals have their own groups, and trees stand upright on the ground. Sir, it's good that you should act according to the natural state and progress according to the law.
Why are you so eager to flaunt benevolence and righteousness? Isn't it like beating gongs and drums to find fugitives? The louder the drums, the farther they run. Hey! Sir, it disturbs human nature! "
When Shi Chengqi met Lao Tzu, he asked, "I heard that Mr. Wang is a saint, so I took the trouble to come all the way, hoping to meet you with all my heart." After walking for hundreds of days, I wore thick old shoes and didn't dare to stop and rest. "
Now I notice that Mr Wang doesn't look like a saint. There are many food left by feathers in the soil dug out of the mouse hole, so it is not in line with benevolence to underestimate and abandon these items at will; There is no limit to eating and drinking, and no limit to wealth. "Lao tze didn't seem to hear no answer.
The next day, Shi Chengqi saw Laozi again and said, "I stabbed you with words yesterday. Today, I realized something and changed my previous bad mood. What is the reason? " Lao Tzu said, "I think I have long since left the ranks of such people." I used to call me a cow, and I called you a horse.
Mr. Wang said: "Tao is great and infinite, small and flawless, so it is called everything." Vast, tolerant of the Tao, so deep, the Tao can not be observed.
Advocating punishment, benevolence and morality is a manifestation of spiritual decline, not a "supreme person" with noble moral cultivation. Who can judge! Isn't it great that the "Supreme Person" with noble moral cultivation once occupied the position of ruling the world? But not enough to be a drag on him.
Everyone in the world is scrambling to seize power, but he won't obey. He is careful not to rely on external things and not to be moved by self-interest. He delves into the origin of things and sticks to the root of things, so he forgets heaven and earth and abandons everything, but the spiritual world has never been troubled. Knowing the Tao, conforming to the routine, stressing benevolence and righteousness, and abandoning rites and music will make people calm and disobedient.
Qi Huangong studied in class, and the wheel was cut off after class. He put down his awl and chisel and went to class. He asked Qi Huangong, "Excuse me, what book are you reading?" Qi Huangong said, "This is the word of a saint." Lun Ping said, "Is the saint still alive?" Qi Huangong said, "It's dead."
Lun Ping said: "In this way, the books read by the monarch are the dross of the ancients!" Qi Huangong said, "Those people who make wheels dare to make irresponsible remarks while I am studying! If there is any reason to say it, you can forgive it. If there is no reason to say it, you will have to be executed. " Lun Ping said: "I have observed this truth through my work.
Cutting wheel is slow, loose but not firm, fast and sluggish. It's not slow and uncomfortable. It's smooth in your hand and should be in your heart. Although I can't say it in my mouth, there are skills in it. I can't use it to make my son understand the mystery, and my son can't accept this mysterious skill from me, so I have lived for seventy years and am still cutting wheels when I am old.
Ancient people died for unspeakable reasons, so the books read by the monarch are the scum of the ancients! "
Extended data:
The full text is roughly divided into eight parts. The first part points out that the laws of nature keep running and everything moves on its own, so the only wise way is to sit tight and do nothing.
The second part, "Livestock is the best in the world", follows the discussion of "Tianle" in the previous paragraph and points out that it should move with nature and change with everything.
In the third part, I put forward the idea that the emperor does nothing, and the officials do something, and clarified that all political activities should follow the inherent laws, emphasizing that everything is orderly, and equality between men and women is also a natural order, which not only violates Zhuangzi's thought of "harmony is precious", but also puts on a philosophical coat for rulers to rule their subjects.
The fourth part, "Heaven and earth are enough", shows that governing the world should follow the nature of heaven and earth through the dialogue between Yao and Shun. The fifth part is "The Nature of Confusion of Confucius".
Write a dialogue between Confucius and Lao Dan, pointing out that everything should follow the laws of nature, and "benevolence" is "deceptive". The sixth book, Alleged Stealing, describes Laozi's attitude of conforming to foreign things and criticizes smart and arrogant people.
In the seventh part, it is pointed out that we should "retreat from benevolence and righteousness", "be happy with courtesy", "leave its roots" and "give up everything", that is, advocate the attitude of inaction. The rest is the eighth part, which shows that the true feelings of things can't be expressed in words. The so-called sage's words are the dregs left by the ancients.
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