The federal defense commission doesn't know
What does "zero inventory" mean in logistics? "Zero inventory" management is the theory of material storage optimization, that is, the application of storage theory in management practice. It does not mean that the inventory of all raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products of an enterprise is zero, but refers to the method of using various scientific management methods to reasonably calculate and effectively control the inventory and reduce the inventory as much as possible under the condition of ensuring the smooth production and operation activities of the enterprise.
The meaning of picking in logistics is the operation of picking items from storage locations and placing them at designated locations according to the requirements of orders or outbound orders.
What is the meaning of logistics center? According to the national standard "Logistics Terminology", the definition of logistics center is: "A place or organization engaged in logistics activities should basically meet the following requirements: mainly serving the society; Perfect logistics function; Perfect information network; Large radiation range; Few varieties, large quantity; Powerful storage throughput; Unified management of logistics business. "
(1) Logistics Center is an open comprehensive logistics business infrastructure for goods storage, transportation, packaging, loading and unloading based on the requirements of the national economic system. This kind of logistics center is usually organized and operated by the group, and is generally called social logistics center.
(2) The logistics center is a cargo distribution center established under the social logistics center in order to realize the systematization and high efficiency of logistics. This logistics center accepts a large number of various commodities from suppliers, carries out classification, packaging, warehousing, distribution processing and information processing, and completes distribution and delivery operations according to the requirements of many users.
(3) The logistics center is a large-scale logistics stronghold for organizing, connecting, regulating and managing logistics activities. Because there are many kinds of logistics bases, most of them can be regarded as warehouses to provide extended services in all aspects of logistics. In order to be different from the traditional concept of static warehouse management, a new logistics stronghold involving dynamic logistics management is called logistics center. In this sense, there are many logistics centers and they are widely distributed.
(4) The logistics center is a cargo distribution center that operates social logistics business based on the transportation hub. Because freight hub is a networked operation system composed of some freight stations, it is actually a node of social logistics network.
logistics center
When they have the infrastructure, mobile equipment, communication equipment and control equipment to realize logistics services such as ordering, consulting, picking up goods, packaging, warehousing, loading and unloading, transit, stowage and delivery, as well as the corresponding organizational structure and operation mode, they have the conditions to become logistics centers. This kind of logistics center is also an important part of building a regional logistics system.
(5) The international logistics center refers to a large-scale distribution place established by relying on international freight hubs (such as international ports) and engaged in logistics activities such as open goods storage, packaging, loading and unloading and transportation. International logistics center must realize the organic unity of logistics, business flow and information flow. The rapid development of contemporary electronic information technology can provide important technical support for the organic unification of the "third-rate" of international logistics centers, greatly reduce the number of documents and the cost of document processing, and improve the efficiency of "third-rate".
What is the significance of logistics? :baike.baidu./view/ 1495。 ? wtp=tt
See this page for details ~
Explanation 1:
Logistics refers to the whole process of planning, implementing and managing raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products and related information of commodities from the place of origin to the place of consumption by means of transportation, storage and distribution at the lowest cost.
Logistics composition: commodity transportation, distribution, warehousing, packaging, handling, distribution and processing, and related logistics information.
The specific contents of logistics activities include the following aspects: user service, demand forecasting, order processing, distribution, inventory control, transportation, warehouse management, layout and location of factories and warehouses, handling, procurement, packaging and intelligence information.
Explanation 2:
In the definition of China's national standard "Logistics Terminology", it is pointed out that logistics is "the physical flow process of goods from the supply place to the receiving place, which organically combines the basic functions of transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, distribution processing, distribution and information processing according to actual needs."
Explanation 3:
The "thing" in logistics is the part of material data that has the characteristics of material entity and can be physically displaced in the world of material data. "Flow" is a kind of physical movement, which has a limited meaning, that is, the physical movement relative to the earth with the earth as the reference system, called "displacement". The range of flow can be a large-scale geography, a micro-movement or a small-scale displacement in the same area and environment. The combination of "thing" and "flow" is an advanced form of movement based on natural movement. The interrelation between them is to find the law of motion between economic purpose and physical object, between military purpose and physical object, and even between some social purposes and physical object. Therefore, logistics is not only a combination of "things" and "flows" under the above limited conditions, but more importantly, it is a combination limited to military, economic and social conditions, and it is to observe the transportation of things from the military, economic and social perspectives to meet certain military, economic and social requirements.
Explanation 4:
Stream: In the chemical production process, materials that need to undergo chemical or physical changes often participate in the production process in gaseous or liquid state and are transported through pipelines, so the raw materials, intermediate products and products involved in the process are called logistics. Solid materials that are continuously added or discharged during continuous operation can also be called logistics.
It should be the waybill number.
Specific to the express delivery is the express delivery number.
The emergence and development of the concept of logistics
Logistics is a very modern concept, and people pay more and more attention to it because of its more and more obvious influence on business activities.
The word PhysicalDistribution first appeared in America. 19 15 Archie Shaw mentioned the word logistics in his book Some Problems in Market Circulation, and pointed out that "logistics is a problem different from creating demand". Because at the beginning of this century, some western countries experienced the economic crisis of overproduction and serious shortage of demand, so enterprises put forward the problems of sales and logistics. Logistics at this time refers to the logistics in the sales process.
-In World War II, around the supply of war, the US military established the theory of "logistics" and applied it to war activities. The "logistics" refers to the unified arrangement of wartime material production, procurement, transportation and distribution as a whole, so as to supply strategic materials at lower cost, faster speed and better service. Later, the word "logistics" was widely used in enterprises, also known as commercial logistics and circulation logistics. At this time, logistics includes production process and circulation process, so it is a broader concept of logistics.
-So the concept of logistics was put forward in1915 (physical distribution), and it took more than 70 years to reach a conclusion (logistics). Now European and American countries call logistics logistics rather than PhysicalDistribution. Logistics includes the purchase of raw materials in the production field, material handling in the production process, logistics in the factory and logistics or sales logistics in the circulation process, that is, PhysicalDistribution, which shows that its extension is more extensive.
The concept of logistics in Japan is directly translated from English PhysicalDistribution by 1956. 1956, Japan sent a delegation to inspect American circulation technology and introduced the concept of logistics. By 1970s, Japan had become one of the most developed countries in the world.
-At present, there are many concepts about logistics at home and abroad, such as the following:
-"Logistics is a system that controls raw materials, finished products, finished products and information."
-"From the beginning of supply, through the transfer and possession of various intermediate links, the physical movement in the hands of the final consumers can be realized, thus achieving the clear goals of the organization."
-"The physical movement of material from the supplier to the demander is an activity that creates time value, place value and certain processing value."
-"Logistics refers to the physical movement of physical entities from suppliers to demanders. It consists of a series of economic activities that create time value and space value, including transportation, storage, distribution, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution processing and logistics information processing, which is the unity of these activities. "
-The national standard of logistics terminology is being revised. After the promulgation and implementation of national standards, the definition of "logistics" in China will be unified.
Introduction and Characteristics of China's Logistics Concept
The concept of logistics was introduced into China in two ways. One was introduced from Europe and America with the introduction of the theory of "marketing" in the early 1980s, because all marketing textbooks in Europe and America introduced "physical distribution" without exception. These two words literally mean "logistics" or "material circulation" in Chinese, and we generally accept the translation of "logistics". The so-called "physical distribution" refers to the physical movement of commodity entities from suppliers to demanders.
Another way is that "PhysicalDistribution" was introduced to Japan from Europe and America, and the Japanese translated it into Japanese "logistics". In the early 1980s, China introduced the concept of "logistics" directly from Japan.
-Before the concept of logistics was introduced into China, there were logistics activities in China, namely transportation, warehousing, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution and processing, mainly warehousing and transportation. The foreign logistics industry is basically the storage and transportation industry in China, but they are not exactly the same. The main differences are as follows:
-1. Logistics is more extensive than storage and transportation. Generally speaking, logistics includes transportation, storage, distribution, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution processing and related information activities, while storage and transportation only refer to two links, although they also involve packaging, loading and unloading, distribution processing and information activities, but these activities are not included in the concept of storage and transportation;
2. Logistics emphasizes the systematization of various activities in order to achieve the overall optimization of the whole logistics activities, while the concept of storage and transportation does not involve the overall systematization and optimization of storage and transportation activities;
3. Logistics is a modern concept, which only rose in various countries after the Second World War, and storage and transportation is a very old and traditional concept in China.
Logistics classification
-Logistics activities are everywhere in the social and economic fields. Although the basic elements of logistics in all fields exist and are the same, different logistics types are formed due to different logistics objects, different logistics purposes, and different logistics scope and categories. At present, there is no unified view on the classification standard of logistics. The main classification methods are: macro logistics and micro logistics; Social logistics and enterprise logistics; International logistics and regional logistics.
-Here, we will use the second classification method to divide the logistics.
-1. Social logistics
-Social logistics refers to logistics that transcends one household, takes a society as its category and aims at society. This highly socialized logistics is often undertaken by specialized logistics undertakers, and the category of socialized logistics is a big social and economic field. Social logistics studies the logistics activities in the process of reproduction, the logistics activities in the national economy, how to form the logistics that serves the society, faces the society and operates in the social environment, and the structure and operation of the logistics system in the society, so it is macroscopic and extensive.
-2. Enterprise Logistics
-Studying related logistics activities from the perspective of enterprises is a typical field of concrete and microscopic logistics activities. Enterprise logistics can be divided into the following specific logistics activities:
-( 1) enterprise production logistics
-enterprise production logistics refers to the logistics activities of enterprises in the production process. This kind of logistics activity is related to the whole production process, and has actually formed a part of the production process. The logistics in the production process of enterprises is generally like this: raw materials, spare parts, fuels and other auxiliary materials start from the "door" of enterprises or enter the beginning of production lines, and then flow one by one with the production and processing process. In the process of flowing, raw materials are processed by themselves, and at the same time, some wastes and residues are produced until the end of production and processing, and then flow to the finished product warehouse, ending the production logistics process of enterprises.
-In the past, when people studied production activities, they mainly paid attention to the links of production and processing, but neglected to string each production and processing together, which made the time spent in logistics activities far exceed the actual processing time in a production cycle. Therefore, the study of enterprise production logistics can greatly shorten the production cycle and save labor.
(2) Enterprise supply logistics
-In order to ensure the rhythm of their own production, enterprises constantly organize logistics activities for the supply of raw materials, spare parts, fuels and auxiliary materials, which plays an important role in the normal and efficient production of enterprises. Enterprise supply logistics is not only a goal to ensure supply, but also to organize supply logistics activities with the lowest cost, the least consumption and the greatest guarantee under limited conditions, which brings great difficulty. The key of enterprise competition lies in how to reduce the cost of this logistics process, which can be said to be the biggest difficulty of enterprise logistics. Therefore, the supply logistics of enterprises must solve the problems of effective supply network, supply mode and zero inventory.
(3) Enterprise sales logistics
Enterprise sales logistics is a logistics activity that enterprises transfer the ownership of products to users in order to ensure their own operating efficiency, accompanied by sales activities. In modern society, the market is a complete buyer's market, therefore, sales logistics activities have a strong service to meet the needs of buyers and ultimately achieve sales. Under the premise of this market, sales often stop after delivery to users and after-sales service. Therefore, there is a lot of room for sales logistics, which is the difficulty of sales logistics. Under this premise, the characteristic of enterprise sales logistics is to realize sales through a series of logistics such as packaging, distribution and distribution, which requires the study of distribution methods, packaging levels and transportation routes. , and uses various special logistics methods such as small batch, multi-batch, timing and quantitative distribution to achieve the goal, so its research field is very extensive.
(4) Enterprise recycling logistics
-Enterprises always produce all kinds of scraps and wastes in their production, supply and sales activities. The recycling of these things needs to be accompanied by logistics activities. Moreover, in an enterprise, if the recycled goods are not handled properly, it will often affect the whole production environment, even the product quality, and it will also occupy a lot of space and cause waste.
(5) Enterprise waste logistics
—— Enterprise waste logistics refers to the logistics activities of transporting, loading and unloading and treating the useless substances discharged by enterprises.
logistics management
-1. Definition and content of logistics management
-The so-called logistics management refers to the planning, organization, command, coordination, control and supervision of logistics activities in the process of social reproduction according to the law of material entity flow, so as to achieve the best coordination and cooperation of various logistics activities, thereby reducing logistics costs and improving logistics efficiency and economic benefits.
-The contents of logistics management include:
-( 1) Manage various elements of logistics activities, including transportation and storage;
(2) the management of logistics system elements, that is, the management of six elements, such as people, money, goods, equipment, methods and information;
(3) The management of specific functions in logistics activities mainly includes the management of logistics planning, quality, technology, economy and other functions.
-2. System logistics
-Systematization is an important mode of modern logistics management. For enterprises, how to establish an ideal logistics system is a very important issue.
-Logistics system refers to all kinds of logistics functions that occur with purchasing, production and sales activities in enterprise activities to improve the circulation efficiency of things. This system can be roughly composed of an operating system and an information system (see the figure below).
-Operating system is a system that introduces various technologies in transportation, storage, distribution, loading and unloading, packaging and other operations to realize automation and high efficiency, and at the same time make all functions perfectly connected. Information system, also known as logistics information system, is organically linked with other functions in enterprise activities-procurement, production and sales system, thus making the information activities from ordering to delivery more complete and improving the efficiency of logistics operation system.
-The functions of the logistics system can be summarized as follows:
Deliver the goods to customers accurately within the appropriate delivery time;
Try to meet the customer's orders and not make the goods out of stock;
Distribute warehouses and distribution centers appropriately to maintain proper inventory of goods;
Automated transportation, loading and unloading, storage and other operations;
Maintain appropriate logistics costs;
Let the information flow from ordering to delivery unimpeded;
-Quickly feed back the sales information to the purchasing department, production department and business department.
-The contents of logistics systematization mainly include the following items:
-( 1) mass production
With the diversification of consumption and products, most customers often require frequent orders and appointments, and timely delivery. In order to make the delivery batch as large as possible and reduce the cost, the minimum order system is adopted in the enterprises that accept orders.
-Large supermarkets and department stores purchase goods from manufacturers or wholesalers, and the goods separately delivered to each store are concentrated by the distribution center set up in the middle area, and then sent to each store in large quantities, and the supply system is reduced according to the customer's order quantity.
-(2) * * * Assimilation
-There are many cases of enterprises seeking to assimilate logistics, especially in big cities, mainly in the same region or industry. Due to the dense traffic, the transportation efficiency is greatly reduced, and more and more enterprises actively participate in * * * distribution. There are countless examples of * * distribution for department stores and large supermarkets in various sales industries. Many small-scale enterprises have also invested in the establishment of a "* * * distribution center", which makes the logistics functions such as loading and unloading, warehousing, transportation and information fully coordinated.
-(3) Short circuit
-In the past, the commodity trading process of many enterprises was carried out according to the channel of manufacturer-first-level wholesale-second-level wholesale-retailer-consumer, and there were warehouses at all stages of the commodity process. At present, sales logistics can directly deliver goods from the factory to the secondary wholesale or retailer without going through the intermediate stage, which shortens the logistics route, reduces the moving speed of goods and compresses the inventory.
-(4) Automation
-In the past, enterprises introduced various mechanization and automation technologies into logistics functions such as transportation, loading and unloading, distribution, storage and packaging. In transportation and other aspects, the unit loading system developed by using pallets and containers has improved the mechanization level of cargo sorting; In terms of storage, the storage efficiency has been greatly improved because the high-rise shelf warehouse has developed into an automated warehouse.
(5) Informatization
The information system in logistics system refers to the information processing structure of enterprises from ordering to delivery. In enterprise activities, information is an integral part of the logistics operation system that controls the combination of production and sales systems. Therefore, the systematization and high efficiency of logistics information is a necessary condition for the systematization of logistics.
In recent years, due to the improvement of computer performance, the progress of data communication technology and the opening of communication loop, the speed of information processing has been greatly improved, and the information exchange between long-distance traders has become easier, which has effectively promoted the systematization of logistics information and realized the information processing from ordering to delivery. -In China, it is difficult to form an information-based and large-scale modern logistics model due to the late start of the logistics industry, lagging concept, aging hardware and backward system. Although there are many theoretical discussions and practical experiences about logistics in recent years, few people combine it with e-commerce to discuss how to effectively carry out logistics activities in e-commerce. However, with the popularity of e-commerce in China, the traditional logistics model has been difficult to meet the needs of new business activities. How to transform the traditional logistics mode into a new logistics mode under e-commerce has become a brand-new topic for us. Let's put it in plain English. Logistics is the circulation of goods, involving buyers, sellers and freight forwarders.
Logistics 600 tons /20gp means 20gp.
20-foot container (20' gp: 20-foot universal): the internal volume is 5.69 m 2.13 m 2.18 m, the gross weight of delivery is generally 17.5 tons, and the volume is 24-26 cubic meters.
600 tons /20gp
The weight limit of this 20-foot container is 600 tons.
Explanation of the meaning of "logistics" 1:
Logistics refers to the whole process of planning, implementing and managing raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products and related information of commodities from the place of origin to the place of consumption by means of transportation, storage and distribution at the lowest cost.
Logistics composition: commodity transportation, distribution, warehousing, packaging, handling, distribution and processing, and related logistics information.
The specific contents of logistics activities include the following aspects: user service, demand forecasting, order processing, distribution, inventory control, transportation, warehouse management, layout and location of factories and warehouses, handling, procurement, packaging and intelligence information.
Explanation 2:
In the definition of China's national standard "Logistics Terminology", it is pointed out that logistics is "the physical flow process of goods from the supply place to the receiving place, which organically combines the basic functions of transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, distribution processing, distribution and information processing according to actual needs."
Explanation 3:
The "thing" in logistics is the part of material data that has the characteristics of material entity and can be physically displaced in the world of material data. "Flow" is a kind of physical movement, which has a limited meaning, that is, the physical movement relative to the earth with the earth as the reference system, called "displacement". The range of flow can be a large-scale geography, a micro-movement or a small-scale displacement in the same area and environment. The combination of "thing" and "flow" is an advanced form of movement based on natural movement. The interrelation between them is to find the law of motion between economic purpose and physical object, between military purpose and physical object, and even between some social purposes and physical object. Therefore, logistics is not only a combination of "things" and "flows" under the above limited conditions, but more importantly, it is a combination limited to military, economic and social conditions, and it is to observe the transportation of things from the military, economic and social perspectives to meet certain military, economic and social requirements.
Explanation 4:
Stream: In the chemical production process, materials that need to undergo chemical or physical changes often participate in the production process in gaseous or liquid state and are transported through pipelines, so the raw materials, intermediate products and products involved in the process are called logistics. Solid materials that are continuously added or discharged during continuous operation can also be called logistics.