① Penicillin
Any natural penicillin extracted from penicillin culture solution, such as penicillin G, etc. Part of it is a derivative synthesized by chemical method using the basic structure of penicillin-anti-penicillin enzyme semi-synthetic penicillin and semi-synthetic broad-spectrum penicillin.
② penicillin g
Among natural penicillins, this product has the most stable performance, the strongest effect and high yield, and is widely used in clinic.
③ ampicillin
This product is a broad-spectrum semi-synthetic penicillin, acid-resistant, easily absorbed by oral administration, and can be distributed in various tissues, but it is difficult to penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
④ erythromycin
This product belongs to macrolide antibiotics. Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, destroyed by acid, stable in slight alkali.
(2) Antibiotics mainly act on gram-negative bacteria.
① streptomycin
This product is an antibiotic proposed in Actinobacillus cinerea culture solution, and its performance is relatively stable. Dry powder is stored at room temperature for 2 years, and aqueous solution is stored for 1 ~ 3 weeks. It is not easily absorbed or destroyed by oral administration. After intramuscular injection and absorption, it is quickly distributed in the extracellular fluid of the whole body, which can enter the fetal blood through the placenta and be discharged mainly through the kidney.
② Kanamycin
This product is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces. , has a strong antibacterial activity. Low toxicity, easy to dissolve in water, stable performance, less oral absorption and fast absorption by intramuscular injection.
③ Gentamicin
This product is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, easily soluble in water, stable in performance and not easily absorbed by oral administration. It can be used to treat systemic infection by intramuscular injection, mainly through renal excretion.
④ Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines include chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and tetracycline. This product is effective for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Tetracyclines are derivatives of tetraphenyl, which have similar structures, functions and uses. Strong acidity, alkaline easy to destroy and fail. Its stability is tetracycline > oxytetracycline > chlortetracycline.
(3) Antifungal antibiotics
Griseofulvin: this product is separated from the culture solution of griseofulvin, insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol. After oral administration, it is absorbed by the small intestine and widely distributed in all tissues of the whole body, among which the content of skin and liver is high, and it can reach the stratum corneum in 8 hours.