I am a worker who is engaged in psychology and mental health education, and I do mental health education and consultation for students in a university.
You ask, "What is psychological counseling and psychotherapy?" I will answer the questions from the following aspects.
First, what is psychological counseling and psychotherapy?
Psychological counseling is a process in which psychological counselors help visitors solve psychological problems.
Psychotherapy is a process in which psychotherapists correct various psychological and behavioral problems of visitors.
Secondly, psychological counseling is to help visitors solve psychological problems, that is, to give full play to the initiative of visitors and make psychological counseling voluntary; Psychotherapy is to correct various psychological and behavioral problems of help seekers. First of all, there is a mandatory requirement. Second, whether the person seeking help wants it or not, it should be corrected.
Third, their working modes are different; Psychological counseling is to help visitors solve psychological problems through non-drug means such as conversation; In addition to talking, psychotherapy also uses drugs to treat various psychological and behavioral problems of visitors. Psychological counselors have no right to prescribe drugs and may not use drugs on visitors; Psychotherapists have the right to prescribe drugs to job seekers.
Fourthly, the objects of psychological counseling and psychotherapy are different; The object of psychological counseling is visitors with normal psychology but mental health problems; The object of psychotherapy can be both people with normal psychology and neurotic and psychotic patients with abnormal psychology.
I hope my answer is helpful to you. If you have different opinions, please leave a message in the comments section, and we can continue our discussion and share our views.
Thanks again for the invitation!
As far as the development of psychology is concerned, there is no essential difference between psychological counseling and psychotherapy. Psychological counseling is the work of psychological counselors, but for treatment, it may be more focused on clinical diagnosis and treatment, and more focused on medicine. So at present, for students who want to develop in this field, they should understand the employment requirements when choosing a major. Perhaps psychologists require students to have a medical background, while psychological counseling industry can obtain psychological related certification and some practical experience.
For psychological counseling, the main content is to understand the basic information of the visitor, establish a good relationship with the visitor, create a relaxed atmosphere, and diagnose his illness according to his expression and observation. If it is a mental illness, it needs to be referred to the corresponding medical department. Therefore, psychological counseling is mainly to help visitors explore and find their own problems, listen and help them solve psychological problems, and conduct counseling under the guidance of psychological theory.
And the process of psychological counseling is not overnight. It is necessary to formulate a complete and systematic counseling plan according to the situation of visitors, and establish evaluation standards at all stages of counseling to see if counseling has achieved the expected results. Moreover, psychological counseling is based on a people-oriented attitude. Psychological counselors will patiently listen to visitors' confidences, help them find and solve problems, and combine psychological theories to help them correct unreasonable beliefs and adjust their emotions and ways of thinking.
It is worth noting that psychological counseling is not about counselors helping visitors solve problems and planning solutions, but about visitors thinking about how to solve their own problems with the help of counselors.
I hope my answer is helpful to you.
Psychological counseling and psychotherapy are similar to going to the hospital, but one is physical and the other is psychological.
Psychological counseling is like going to see a doctor and describing what's wrong with you. Then the doctor will tell you the reasons for your discomfort, what kind of discomfort these uncomfortable reasons will bring you, and so on.
Psychotherapy is a prescription and treatment plan that doctors prescribe after they know your symptoms. After knowing your mental illness, you should have psychotherapy to help yourself solve the mental problem!
That is, if you are unhappy or have any problems in your heart, interpersonal problems, etc. You can go to your heart for consultation.
Including family problems, marital conflicts, children's education problems, children's puppy love, colleagues' relationship problems, serious pedophilia, animal love, suicidal tendencies, violent tendencies, obsessive-compulsive disorder. . .
In short, psychological and behavioral questions can be consulted.
Different from physiological diseases, psychological problems are people's internal mental factors, specifically a series of problems caused by the central nervous system of the brain, which will indirectly change people's personality, world outlook and mood.
1, people with normal mental health and psychological problems;
2. People with normal mental health and low mental health level;
Psychological counseling refers to the process of using psychological methods to seek solutions for those who have problems in psychological adaptation. People who need to solve problems and come for help are called visitors or customers, and consultants who provide help are called consultants.
Visitors tell, ask and discuss their psychological discomfort or obstacles through language, writing and other communication media. With their support and help, we can find out the causes of psychological problems through discussion, analyze the crux of the problem, and then seek the conditions and countermeasures to get rid of the predicament and solve the problem, so as to restore psychological balance, improve the adaptability to the environment and improve physical and mental health.
Psychotherapy is a formal process of mutual interaction. Each party is usually composed of one person, but it may also be composed of two or more people. Its purpose is to pass the therapist who is proficient in the theory of personality origin, development, maintenance and change, under the professional and legal recognition.
Use the therapy related to this theoretical logic to improve the distress caused by the incompetence or dysfunction of the other party in any or all of the following fields: cognitive function (abnormal thinking), emotional function (pain or emotional discomfort) or behavioral function (misconduct).
Relationship between Psychological Counseling and Psychotherapy
Regarding the relationship between psychological counseling and psychotherapy, it is generally believed that there is no essential difference between them, and they are similar in the nature of the relationship, in the process of change and learning, and in the theory of guidance. If there is any difference, it is artificial and not essential.
First, the tasks of work are different.
The task of psychological counseling mainly lies in promoting growth, emphasizing the development mode, helping visitors to exert their greatest potential, clearing the roadblocks of normal development, and focusing on prevention. Psychotherapy is mostly to make up for the injuries that patients have formed in the past, and to solve and change the structural obstacles to development.
Second, objects and scenes are different.
Psychological counseling follows the educational model, and most of the visitors are normal objects, mainly involving daily life problems, and generally work in schools, units, psychological counseling institutions and other scenes. The object of psychotherapy is patients with abnormal psychology, which plays a role in both clinical and medical situations.
Third, the working methods are different.
Psychological counseling should involve visitors' living environment in more ways, such as participating in their direct environment, getting in touch with visitors' families and relatives, and making more use of daily living facilities (such as telephone consultation) to design and organize classes and various group activities. The form of psychotherapy is more in pairs.
Fourth, the nature and content of solving problems are different.
Psychological counseling is realistic-oriented, involving consciousness issues, such as career choice, training and education, life and work guidance, study counseling and so on. Therefore, cognitive and logical methods are often used. Psychotherapy involves internal personality problems, and more is to deal with the unconscious.
However, in practical work, they can't and don't have to be completely separated, because the theoretical sides they adopt are often the same, the working objects and goals are often similar, and they all pay attention to establishing a working relationship of mutual trust between the helper and the helped. Depending on the severity of the client's problem, it is more reasonable to treat the relationship between counseling and treatment with principle and flexibility.
Simplify the difference