growing environment
Leguminosae root regeneration ability is weak, so direct seeding is often used. The optimum temperature for germination is 25~30℃, and the temperature should be above 20℃ when sowing.
(1) Before sowing, the pot soil should be watered and permeable, with 3-4 grains per hole and about 2-3 cm of soil covered.
(2) After germination, remove the weak seedlings and leave 2-3 plants in each hole; When there are 3~4 true leaves, then thinning 1 seedling, leaving 1~2 plants per hole. If transplanting is needed, two real leaves will grow around 3-4 weeks after germination. 1 compound leaves can be planted, then watered, and then they will enter normal management after survival. After frost breaking, the seedlings should be planted for 20-25 days, and more decomposed organic fertilizers should be applied to the planting area, with 3000-5000 kg per mu, 25-30 kg of calcium superphosphate, 50-10-20 kg of plant ash or 0-20 kg of potassium sulfate/kloc-0, with planting density and row spacing of 66 cm and hole spacing/kloc.
After planting, water slowly, and squat for 5~8 days in deep tillage to promote root development. Brackets should be set for 5~6 leaves in real time. At the beginning, pull the vine counterclockwise and fix it with a rope, usually at noon or afternoon on a sunny day. The later winding ability is very strong, and manual assistance is not needed.
Less in the early stage of fertilization, after survival. Apply 1 times thin decomposed organic fertilizer. From the bud stage to the mature stage of Climbing J, apply fertilizer 1 time every 7 7~ 10/day, and pay attention to increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The proportion of potassium fertilizer, continuous fertilization 2~3 times. Warm, the growth temperature is 2O~3O℃, the growth is slow below 15℃, and freezing injury occurs below 5℃, so it is resistant to high temperature. Flowers and pods can still bloom at 35℃, but the quality is not good. Drought tolerance is greater than waterlogging tolerance, so water should be controlled properly in the early stage. When about half of the inflorescences on the main vine begin to pod, they should be fully watered to ensure the soil is moist. When the main vine grows the first inflorescence, all the lateral branches below the inflorescence should be removed, and the lateral branches above the inflorescence should be cored, leaving two leaves at the base; When the main vine climbs over the scaffold, it is topped to promote the lower lateral branches to germinate flower buds. Inflorescence is racemose, with 2~5 pairs of flowers, but often only L pairs of pods. Usually, after the first pair of pods is picked, the second pair of buds begins to develop or bear fruit. If there is enough fertilizer and water and proper maintenance, all the flowers on the inflorescence can bear pods. It is easy to germinate, and it is generally not necessary to soak seeds. The subsoil of seedling should be compacted, and it is best to spread loam with a thickness of 6cm to prevent it from penetrating into the soil, and the root groups will be greatly damaged when transplanting seedlings. Therefore, when the seedlings have a pair of true leaves, they can be transplanted with soil, and it is not suitable to transplant large seedlings. Conditional can use nutrition bowl or plug seedling, each bowl of two to three seedlings.
Planting after frost breaking, the seedling age is 20-25 days, more organic fertilizer should be applied in the field, and the planting density per mu should be 6- 1. After planting, the seedling water should be watered slowly and the seedlings should be cultivated deeply for 5-8 days to promote the root system development. After frost, the density of open field varieties is 66-70 cm in row spacing and 25-30 cm in plant spacing. After sowing, fill the soil and seeds with your feet.
Cultivation method
Folding cultivation season
Beans can be planted in spring, summer and autumn all over the south of China, with a long growing period. Suitable varieties must be selected according to the climatic conditions of each season. Beans are generally divided into spring seeds and summer and autumn seeds. Spring ploughing is from late February to late March, seedling raising is from late March to late April, harvest is from early June to mid-August, and seed collection is from late July to early August. Sowing time in summer and autumn is from mid-May to early August and harvesting time is from early July to late June 10.
Folding plastic film mulching
(1) Variety selection: Zhijian 28-2, a widely cultivated bean variety, can be cultivated with plastic film mulching in spring.
(2) Sowing date: The suitable lower limit temperature of bean sowing is 65438 04℃, and it should be sowed when the temperature exceeds 4℃ before and after frost. The sowing method of beans can be the same as kidney beans (kidney beans), and the sowing method of high ridges and low holes is plastic film mulching. The row spacing is 65cm, the hole spacing is 18 ~ 25cm, 4000~5000 holes are sown per mu, 3~4 seeds are sown in each hole, and the sowing amount is 2 ~ 3 kg.
(3) Field management: mainly pay attention to erasing the lateral buds below 1 inflorescence, and plant the leaf buds of the flower buds above the first inflorescence synchronously with those in the mixed buds; The middle and upper lateral branches reached the peak after seeing flower buds. At the same time, pay attention to top the main vine in time after climbing to the top of the frame to stimulate the growth of the lateral vine, which will still top after seeing the flower buds.
(4) harvesting: harvesting in time after the pods are long enough. The seeds with delayed harvest swell, which reduces the quality of goods and also affects the growth of pods in the future. Be careful not to hurt other inflorescences, buds and vines when picking.