In the past twenty years, the new information technology represented by the Internet has completely subverted people's way of life. In the next 20 years, intelligent networked cars will completely change the way people travel.
ICV is an intelligent networked car, equipped with advanced on-board sensors, controllers, actuators and other equipment, which integrates modern communication and network technology to realize intelligent information exchange and sharing between the car and X (car, road, people, cloud, etc.). ). It has the functions of complex environment perception, intelligent decision-making and collaborative control. , can realize safe, efficient, comfortable and energy-saving driving, and finally can realize the operation by people.
The vast market has triggered a wave of capital distribution.
According to the prediction of BCG in the United States, intelligent networked vehicles will usher in a golden period of rapid development lasting for 20 years from 20 18, and will account for about 25% of the global new car market by 2035, and the industrial scale can exceed 77 billion US dollars. At present, Google, Baidu, Huawei and other technology giants have successively promoted their own driverless car plans, and well-known automobile companies have laid out the driverless field. Global capital's expectations for the driverless field are heating up, investment and mergers and acquisitions are constant, and the capital market is very active. In the past three years, the total amount involved has exceeded 1000 billion US dollars. 20 18 also witnessed many acquisitions, mergers and investments. According to incomplete statistics, in 20 18 years, in the field of intelligent networked vehicles, the total investment of investment events with the amount of TOP50 exceeded1500 million US dollars.
The process of networking test and demonstration was obviously accelerated.
The United States, Japan, Europe and other developed countries and regions have carried out a series of vehicle networking research projects, such as solving the problems of road information perception, driving safety, vehicle-vehicle communication, vehicle-road communication, remote information service, etc., and the relevant laws and regulations are becoming more and more perfect. In California, driverless cars equipped with remote monitoring systems have begun to be tested, which is completely different from the previous tests involving security officers. Under the remote monitoring, the staff can remotely monitor multiple driverless cars, which not only meets the requirements of California test regulations, but also creates a new test mode, and the test progress of intelligent networked vehicles is obviously accelerated.
In the past year, China issued the Management Specification for Road Testing of Intelligent Networked Vehicles (Trial), the Management Regulation of 5905 ~5925MHz Frequency Band for Direct Communication of Vehicle Networking (Intelligent Networked Vehicles) (draft for comments), the Guide for the Construction of National Vehicle Networking Industry Standard System (General Requirements) and the Technical Guide for the Construction of Self-driving Closed Sites (Provisional), which occupied 206,500 yuan.
Accelerate the integration of intelligence and network technology
Both intelligence (autonomy) and networking (collaboration) have certain technical limitations, and it is difficult to achieve real unmanned driving by relying solely on automobile intelligence, while networking can break through the perception ability of autonomous systems to the surrounding environment of vehicles from the time and space dimensions. Therefore, it is feasible to realize unmanned driving through the organic integration of intelligence and networking (that is, "vehicle-road coordination"), and it can also greatly improve the automatic driving level of vehicles. In the time dimension, through V2X communication, vehicles can know the traffic control system information such as road signs and traffic lights of surrounding vehicles in advance, as well as the longer-term future state information such as meteorological conditions and congestion prediction, so as to help the automatic driving system "predict" the driving situation. In the spatial dimension, vehicles can perceive the environmental information of intersection blind spots, curve blind spots, vehicle blind spots and other places through V2X communication, which is helpful for the automatic driving system to grasp the surrounding traffic situation more comprehensively.
The technology of "vehicle-road coordination" effectively combines factors such as vehicles, roads, people, clouds and environment, so that the data generated by it can be used flexibly, which not only effectively solves the travel problems encountered by users, but also puts forward reasonable solutions to various traffic conditions in expressway. Judging from the layout of some enterprises at present, Baidu started the research of road link from the end of 20 16. In September of 20 18, Baidu announced that Baidu Apollo would open the road-car cooperation scheme at the end of the year. 20 17 Ford focuses on the exploration of vehicle-road coordination scheme on China road, and has carried out relevant tests in Shanghai; Shenzhen Roadstar Company is committed to solving the problem of automatic driving in China road environment and accelerating the cooperation between vehicles and roads; Chinese Express has laid out the "three-intelligence strategy" in the early days of the company's establishment, namely, smart cars, smart cities and Zhijie transportation. The coordinated development of vehicles and roads has become an irresistible trend.
The 5G moped network is fully improved
The realization of vehicle networking must rely on high-speed vehicle wireless communication technology, which can be divided into DSRC (American-led) and LTE-V (China-led). Judging from the current trend, LTE-V is likely to become the technical standard of automobile information interaction in China's intelligent network. Domestic enterprises such as Huawei, ZTE and Datang actively participated in the standardization of the international organization 3GPP ITE-V, and released related products of vehicle networking, among which Huawei's LTE-v2x products made progress in coverage, low delay and high success rate. China Mobile has organized SG technology demonstration work in Beijing, Tianjin, Xiong 'an, Chongqing and other places, and comprehensively promoted the construction of high-stability, high-safety, low-delay vehicle networking system.
2065438+September 2008, the first test road of 5G self-driving vehicle in China was opened, Fangshan District, Beijing. This road can provide the 5G network, 5G edge computing platform, SG-v2X capability and SG high-precision positioning capability required for 5G autonomous driving, help scientific and technological innovation enterprises to carry out R&D, production and quality inspection of networked autonomous driving vehicles, and create a good R&D and incubation environment for the 5G autonomous driving industry. The opening length of the first phase of the road is 10 km, which can accommodate 10 self-driving cars for verification and testing at the same time, which can effectively shorten the development cycle of self-driving cars and help enterprises reduce the investment in research and development of self-driving cars. 5G network solves the problem of speed and capacity of data transmission. Large-capacity files can be transmitted in a few seconds, the accuracy of vehicle navigation will be greatly improved, and the penetration rate and penetration rate of vehicle systems will also be improved, which will promote the rapid development of vehicle networking technology.
The advantages of autonomous driving and operating vehicles are gradually highlighted.
At present, autonomous driving technology is mostly aimed at private passenger cars, but limited by policy and technical factors, as well as China's complex road traffic conditions (mixed traffic), there are many obstacles to the promotion of autonomous driving technology. For special areas such as airports, ports, mining areas, industrial parks, scenic spots, etc., pedestrians and vehicles are few, the speed is low, the road conditions are relatively simple, they do not belong to social roads, are less constrained by traffic laws and regulations, and are easy to achieve automatic driving. There are Navya, Easymile and so on in the world. Self-driving park cars have been launched, which operate in specific scenes such as airports, schools and scenic spots. The advantages of vehicle automatic driving technology are highlighted in special scenes.
In the future, with the continuous maturity of autonomous driving technology, self-driving cars will gradually be allowed to drive on social roads. Self-driving cars in special scenes can easily transition to operating vehicles (commercial vehicles, enjoying travel, etc.). ), it can reduce the application difficulty of autonomous driving and provide strong support for the application of autonomous driving technology in the fields of Internet special car and Internet freight transportation.
abstract
In the long run, the technological development of intelligent networked cars will eventually realize automatic driving and realize the interconnection between cars and everything. As the "five senses" of the car, the Internet of Vehicles can more effectively understand the external environment and internal operation of the car. As the "brain" of a car, artificial intelligence makes decisions on the basis of comprehensive judgment information. The Internet of Vehicles is the premise of autonomous driving, and its application will be more fully developed in the era of autonomous driving. For example, satellite navigation will use high-precision maps to improve its accuracy, and autonomous driving will release the driver's attention so that he can use more car entertainment.
Compared with the United States, Japan and Europe, China has certain characteristics or advantages in the fields of 5G communication, Beidou navigation and positioning, ICT and so on. Overall, there is still a gap between the development level of China's intelligent networked automobile industry and developed countries, and it has been significantly reduced compared with the traditional automobile field. The rapid development of intelligent networked vehicles has led to the revolutionary reconstruction of the automobile industry chain, and the market structure will also undergo profound changes, which is a once-in-a-lifetime historical opportunity for China, which has a huge automobile consumption market.