Turning a page in history, Hanzheng Street has experienced many vicissitudes. Hanzheng Street has a long history and is one of the oldest streets in Hankou. According to Xiakou County Records and other books, this street has a history of 500 years. As early as the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Hanzheng Street had already formed a town. There are many docks along the river from west to east, such as Zongsan Temple, Yangjiahe Temple, Wusheng Temple, Laoguan Temple and Jijiazui, which load and unload goods for commercial ports. Due to the convenient water transportation, the number of shops along the street is increasing day by day, and trade is frequent. By the heyday of economic development in Kanggan period in Qing Dynasty, Hanzheng Street had become "the main street of Hankou". After four years of Qianlong (1739), a stone pavement was built on Hanzheng Street. In the third year of Tongzhi (1844), the magistrate Zhong presided over the construction of new docks such as Wan 'an Lane. Since then, Hanzheng Street has become a gathering place for merchants, with prosperous transactions and prosperous markets. Known as "the rivers and lakes are connected, everywhere is impassable, one boat goes out, and Wan Li only cares", it attracts business travelers and tourists from all directions, and it is very lively and prosperous. As a result, the populations of Jingzhou and Xiaogan counties, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang and other provinces moved in one after another. As Xu Yuanzhi, a native of Hanyang in the Qing Dynasty, said in "Hankou Zhi Zhu Ci": "Shizhen Street is Tuzhenpo, and Bama Wharf faces the river; There are tens of millions of families in Wawu Bamboo House. There are few people in this hometown and many people in a foreign land. "
For nearly a century, Hanzheng Street has been the commercial essence of Laohankou Town. In the old Hankou town, there are so-called Shangbahang (commercial shops) and Xiabafang (handicraft workshops). According to Records of Hankou Xiaozhi, the most famous people are commonly known as the Eight Stores, namely, the Salt Store, the Tea Store, the Medicinal Materials Store, the Grocery Store, the Oil Store, the Grain Store, the Cotton Store and the Cowhide Store.
After the founding of New China, due to the establishment of the dominant position of the state-owned economy and the influence of the Cultural Revolution, the commodity market in Hanzheng Street once stopped. In those years, almost no one operated small commodities. At its peak, the "three-town market" was deserted, the market was depressed, private operation was once interrupted, and the whole market was closed.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Hanzheng Street commodity market was thoroughly remoulded. 1979 In September, Wuhan Municipal People's Government approved the reopening of Hanzheng Street Small Commodity Market. At that time, there were more than 65,438,000 unemployed youths and social idlers dealing in small commodities here. By 1982, there were 458 small commodity self-employed households in Hanzheng Street. Up to now, the number of self-employed households in Hanzheng Street has reached 1.32 million, with an average daily cargo throughput of more than 400 tons and an average daily market flow of 1.6 million, showing a new look of prosperity.
Geographical traffic
Hanzheng Street, with a history of more than 500 years, is located in the hometown of Baiyun Yellow Crane and the intersection of the Yangtze River and Hanshui River. It is a bright market pearl embedded in the hinterland of Central China.
Hanzheng Street Market starts from Sanmin Road and minzu road in the east, ends at Qiaokou Road in the west, ends at Yanhe Avenue in Hankou in the south and ends at Zhongshan Avenue in the north. It consists of 78 streets and lanes, including Hanzheng Street, Dajia Street, Chang Di Street, Baoqing Street, Sanshu Street, Yongning Lane and Wan 'an Lane, covering an area of 2.56 square kilometers, including the administrative divisions of six sub-district offices. There are several specialized markets 10 in the market, such as clothing, leather bags, household appliances, shoes, ceramics, cloth, small department stores, plastics, handicrafts and non-staple foods, with a business area of more than 600,000 square meters, more than 60,000 kinds of commodities, more than 65,438+10,000 market employees, 22 passenger and freight transport stations and 276 lines.
Hanzheng Street Old Shop with Management Characteristics
1. Qianxiangyi Silk Shop
Qian Xiangyi (Henderson) Silk Shop was founded in the 20th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1894). Blue cloth, blue muslin and blue bamboo cloth (commonly known as "three treasures" or "three blues" cloth) are popular in three towns of Wuhan and Xiangyin of Jianghan Plain. All three kinds of blue cloth are dyed by the store, and they have to go through three vats to get the correct color. Modesty and sample-benefits Silk shops are auspicious and modest, treat customers honestly, establish a store style, and establish a relationship of mutual trust with buyers. Regular customers from other places go to the store, pay the purchase order and go to handle other affairs immediately. Then come back, pay by the bill, no bargaining, no difference. There is a black painted signboard in the shop, and the word "centralized" is written on the book. After more than half a century, it has become the mantra of Hankou people: "modest and beneficial signs, one word at a time." It is estimated that before and after the Revolution of 1911 (19 1 1), its average daily sales were about 5,000 silver dollars, with the highest being 1.6 million silver dollars; The annual sales are between10.5 million and10.8 million silver. In the early days of the founding of New China, the store still mainly engaged in silk fabrics. 1966, the public-private partnership was transformed into Qianxiangyi Department Store, and the business direction changed from then on.
2. Suhengtai Umbrella Store
Su Hengtai Umbrella Store This store is a century-old store in Hanzheng Street, and its umbrellas are well-known brands both inside and outside the province. Su Wenshou, the founder of Su Hengtai Umbrella Store, is an umbrella maker in Shimenkan, Changsha, Hunan. In the first year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1862), his family moved to Han and lived in the hut of Guandi Temple in Hanzheng Street. At first, he selected and repaired umbrella poles and toured the streets, using them to sell a small number of homemade umbrellas. Three years later, Su Wenshou accumulated thirty taels of silver, opened Su Hengtai umbrella shop at the corner of Kuibei Lane in Guandi Temple, abandoned the repair of umbrellas and monopolized Hunan oil-paper umbrellas. Since then, the monthly output of umbrellas has increased from more than 100 to more than 6,000, which is in short supply. Su Hengtai oil-paper umbrella can occupy the market for a hundred years, and its secret is excellent quality, which is hard to match with the same industry. Su family makes umbrellas, and pays attention to the place where raw materials must be taken. The skeleton material of oil-paper umbrella is taken from Phyllostachys pubescens in Yiyang and Chaling, Hunan Province. Because of its "thick and hard meat", it is not easy to bend and deform. Umbrella cover paper is collected from Yunyang, Hubei, with strong latitude and longitude; Brush-coated tung oil on the umbrella surface was collected from Changde, Hunan, with excellent purity and luster. Occasionally, the supply of raw materials is insufficient, and it is better to reduce production and sell less, rather than shoddy and reduce quality, so it will last for decades. In Jianghan Plain, daughters usually bought umbrellas from Su Hengtai umbrella shop when they got married. As a result, customers cast "Su Hengtai's umbrella", which is well-known and well-known. In terms of management, the store strives to improve in order to increase production and income. At first, umbrellas were made in a workshop-style system, and in the end, they were all made. In order to increase production, the one-job system was changed to the division of labor and flow production system, with 7 people as a group, 4 people for umbrella stands (including long bones, short stays, gourd clothes and umbrella handles) and 3 people for umbrella clothes (2 people for paper, 1 people for oil painting). At the same time, the hourly wage will be changed to piece-rate wage. After the improvement, the work efficiency increased by 30%. In 1930s, in order to strengthen the market competition, the third generation of Su family devoted themselves to research, improved the product quality, and implemented the umbrella paper oil soaking technology. The variety of umbrellas has been increased to two/kloc-0 specifications in four categories, such as patterned paper, improved blue surface, blue surface hook handle and red surface big handle, and the moisture resistance and durability of umbrellas have been further improved. In order to win customers, Su Hengtai Umbrella Store will also paint a layer of oil in front of customers when selling umbrellas, and can autograph or draw pictures on the umbrella surface according to customers' requirements. After the founding of New China, Hankou Suhengtai Umbrella Factory became the first operating department of Xiangtan Umbrella Factory. After the public-private partnership, the store operation changed to production, with a monthly output of 2,000 oil-paper umbrellas and 5,000 oil-cloth umbrellas. After the 1960s, plastic umbrellas and cloth umbrellas became popular, and oil-paper umbrellas were naturally eliminated and withdrawn from the market. However, Su Hengtai's reputation of emphasizing quality, low price and durability is still circulating in the market.
3. Wang Yuxia Food Store
This store was opened in Denglong Lane, Hanzheng Street in the 4th year of Qingganlong (1739), and it is an old and famous shop with a history of more than 200 years. 3 10 Appendix Wang Yuxia Food Store mainly distributed Hui tea in the early days. At that time, Hui tea was the best tea in China, hence the name "Wang Yuxia tea". At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, food stores in Wang Yuxia turned to produce pastry foods, such as crisp candy and Guo Jing in the Spring Festival, sesame cakes and mung bean cakes in the Dragon Boat Festival and moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival, which were all loved by urban and rural residents. In particular, the wedding cake in Wang Yuxia food store has become a necessary item for ordinary families' wedding gifts and holiday entertainment. These products have gone through several generations and the quality is consistent. So far, crisp candy, Guo Jing and mung bean cake from Wang Yuxia Food Factory are still one of the first choice products in Wuhan food market. The key is that these products have strict formulas and strict operating procedures to ensure that the products are sweet, crisp, fragrant and crisp and suitable for customers' tastes. When each product is launched, the store and the master must taste it first, and then it can be put on the market in batches after passing the inspection. In management, although its product is "the emperor's daughter doesn't worry about getting married", it still pays attention to promotional activities. For example, the by-product alkali shortbread is sold at a low profit to attract socks customers (the profit rate is 5%, which is 1/7 of the profit rate of other major products), which drives other high-profit products to occupy the market. In terms of service quality, stress credibility and establish a good shop atmosphere that respects customers.
4. Yekaitai Drugstore
The store was opened in the 10th year of Chongqi in Ming Dynasty (1637). Before the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), Ye Jia has been handed down from generation to generation, becoming an old shop with a history of more than 300 years. Ye Wenji, the founder, set up Ye Kaitai Pharmacy at the entrance of Jiabao Lane in Hanzheng Street, where he practiced medicine and was recommended by doctors. Qingganlong asked his grandson Hongliang Ye to expand his business and changed his name to Ye Kaitai Pharmacy. During Guangxu period, Ye Kaitai's turnover accounted for about 13% of the total amount of the three towns. After the Revolution of 1911, Ye Fengchi, a descendant of Ye Fengchi, opened a shop on the home base of Taojiaxiang in Dajia Street, which revived the family business and reached its peak. Gaodan Pill Powder is refined from Kaitai Pharmacy, with good quality and high curative effect, and is exported at home and abroad. The employees of the store owner take the creed of "although no one sees it, they know it" and strictly implement the operating procedures. For example, the production of "Dahuoluo Pill" uses Agkistrodon, and the head, tail, bone and skin of the snake must be removed, then dried, ground and processed. Donkey skin tortoise shells are only allowed to use black donkey skin tortoise shells. Hanzheng Street Old Shop 3 1 1 has its own set of strict operation procedures for herbal prescription. The patient put the prescription on the counter and someone took the medicine. A few cents of each medicine is weighed with a scale, poured on a small piece of paper and arranged in a square order. After the party consolidation is arrested, another person will investigate one by one. After the inspection is correct, the original smokers will pack them into small packets one by one and then synthesize them into large packets. The charge is neat and angular. Then the clerk pays the medicine and collects the money. Wuhan people once circulated a two-part allegorical saying: "Ye Kaitai's medicinal jujube is good for everyone who dies", which shows his reputation.
5. Unpacking shop in Huang Zhicheng
The store was once a well-known wholesale grocery and seafood store, with a daily turnover of 22,000 silver in its heyday. In the 16th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1890), Huang Bo opened a unpacking shop in Huang Zhicheng, and took advantage of European and American countries to promote seafood and sugar in Hankou, and started the second wholesale business of seafood groceries. With the service means of weighing the price, complete varieties and packaging and consignment, the store has opened up the small and medium-sized customer market in the province and towns along the Yangtze River, overwhelming its peers, and its business is spread all over the towns in the province, with a reputation as far as Hunan, Jiangxi and Sichuan provinces. It is rumored that some township grocery stores inside and outside the province often post invoices for goods purchased in Huang Zhicheng unpacking shops to show that they are genuine. In 1900, the number of unloading workers in Huang Zhicheng increased to more than 180, with a daily turnover of 22,000 yuan and an annual profit of 710.8 million yuan, and the business scale increased rapidly. Since then, Wuchang and Hanyang have opened five new grocery stores and a rice mill. Therefore, Bo Huang became the president of Xianning Association in Hankou, and once bought two ships to operate passenger and cargo transportation between Hankou and Xianning. During the Revolution of 1911, the Qing army set fire to Hankou Town, and all the stacks and stocks of Huang Zhicheng unpacking shop were burned, which greatly damaged its vitality. After that, although the goods raised on credit resumed business, they also improved for a time. In the end, because the senior staff in the store set up their own doors, it was difficult to change the deteriorating trend. 1927, the Huang Zhicheng disassembly shop in its heyday finally failed to maintain itself and officially disappeared from Hanzheng Street market.
Hanzheng Street in the Eyes of Foreigners
Hanzheng Street Commodity Market is the product of China's economic system reform, and it is the window and vane of opening up and invigorating. Its success has not only attracted the attention of the whole society, but also attracted the extensive attention of international public opinion and foreign friends. Foreign guests from Britain, the United States, France, the Soviet Union, Japan, Germany, the Netherlands, Cuba, Canada, Romania, Uruguay and other countries visited the market successively, and spoke highly of the prosperity and development of Hanzheng Street small commodity market and its position and role in China's economic system reform.
September 8 1985 Aimee, reporter of French Life Weekly in Beijing? Savar, Jacques? After visiting and interviewing Hanzheng Street Commodity Market, Houzel Stein wrote: We were deeply impressed by the vibrant economic activities of the commercial street.
1988165438+1October 15 The Romanian delegation headed by Brewood visited Hanzheng Street Commodity Market with pleasure. We were particularly impressed by the rich products. "
1986 On March 12, a delegation of four people from the World Bank visited Hanzheng Street Commodity Market. "I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to the management and management personnel of Wuhan Hanzheng Street Small Commodity Market! Thanks to the suppliers who provided us with information. I hope the market you manage is prosperous. "
1990165438+10/2, US Congressman Bob? On behalf of all members of the U.S. congressional delegation, Mr. Brown wishes Hanzheng Street Commodity Market "prosperous business and all the best"1991On April 23rd, journalists from 10 news organizations from five countries including Britain, the United States, France, Germany and the Netherlands visited Hanzheng Street Commodity Market. They expressed strong interest in the rural-oriented, inexpensive, rich and diverse business characteristics of the small commodity market. On August 7/8, 1986, Mr. Rosen, a reporter of the Financial Times in London, inspected the whole process of the formation of Hanzheng Street small commodity market, greatly praised the development of the market, and wished that "the government will continue to seek truth from facts for the development of China". On June 3rd, 1985, a Japanese news delegation visited and interviewed Hanzheng Street Commodity Market. The prosperous scene of Hanzheng Street market, unique management mode and effective management implemented by government departments have aroused their great interest. Mr. Yoichi Mimoto, head of the delegation and president of Asahi Shimbun in Tokyo, said emotionally: "From the business activities of the famous Hanzheng Street small commodity market, we have a substantial understanding of the policy of opening up and invigorating the China government, which is the epitome of China's reform and opening up; In June, 1985, Nancy: Ms. Deheim, a reporter from Canadian Weekly, visited and interviewed Hanzheng Street Commodity Market, and saw the hope of China's successful reform and opening up from the prosperity of the market: "As Deng Xiaoping's political influence is still expanding to local governments at all levels, the fate of his reform policy can be decided. "