Perilla frutescens has strong adaptability, lax requirements on soil and good drainage, and grows well in sandy soil, loam, clay loam, in front of houses, behind ditches and fertile soil. Vegetables were the best crops of the previous season. Fruit trees can be planted under young forests.
First, land selection and land preparation
Perilla frutescens has strong adaptability to climate and soil. It is best to choose loose and fertile sandy loam and loam with sufficient sunshine and good drainage, while heavy clay grows poorly. Soil preparation, turning to the depth of 15cm, and harrowing. Fine, make a border, the width of the border and groove is 200 cm, and the depth of the groove is 15-20 cm.
Second, loosen the soil
Weeding should be done frequently before closing the ridge for plant growth, and attention should be paid to weeding between seedlings in direct seeding area. When the seedling height of the drill field is 15cm, it should be fixed at 30cm, and the surplus seedlings should be used for transplanting. The plants in the direct seeding area grow fast and the density is high, so the plants grow in vain, and few plants are branched or not. Although it can reach the height of the plant, there are fewer leaves under the plant, poor illumination and air falling off, which affects the yield of leaves and perilla oil. At the same time, the stems with many leaves and few leaves also affect the specifications of the whole grass, so it is not too early to sow seedlings. From field planting to ridge sealing, loosen the soil and weed twice.
Third, temperature.
Requirements for environmental conditions: Perilla likes warm and humid climate, seeds can germinate above 5℃, and the suitable germination temperature is 18-23℃. The seedling stage can bear the low temperature of 1-2℃. Plants grow slowly at lower temperatures. It grows vigorously in summer. The suitable temperature for flowering is 22-28℃ and the relative humidity is 75%-80%. Resistant to humidity, strong waterlogging and drought, especially in the organ formation period of the product, such as too dry air, too thick and hard stems and leaves, too much fiber and poor quality. It has wide adaptability to soil and can grow in the shade.
Fourth, topdressing
The growth time of perilla frutescens is relatively short, and the whole grass can be harvested two and a half months after planting, and the whole grass is used as medicine, so nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used. Concentrate fertilization before ridge closure.
In the direct seeding area, topdressing is applied when the seedling height is 30cm, and after furrowing between rows, 20000kg of human manure or ammonium sulfate 1 12.5kg and calcium superphosphate 150kg are applied per hectare, and the fertilizer is buried with loose soil. The second time, apply fertilizer again before harvesting the ridge, and the method is the same as above. But be careful not to touch the leaves this time.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) irrigation
After sowing or transplanting, if it doesn't rain for several days, water it in time. Pay attention to drainage in rainy season, dredge the operation channel, and prevent stagnant water from littering.
Six, harvesting and processing
Perillae should be harvested in sunny days, with rich fragrance and easy to dry. Perilla leaves should be harvested from late July to early August, when the leaves have not yet blossomed.
Perilla peduncle: before flowering in early September, the inflorescence is harvested when it just grows, cut off from the root with a sickle, hung upside down in a ventilated and cool place to dry, and then spread leaves for medicine.
Perilla frutescens: 65438 seeds and fruits are harvested at maturity from late September to mid-June. Cut the ear or the whole plant, tie it into sticks, dry it in the sun for a few days, then remove the seeds and dry it in the sun. The yield per hectare is 1 125- 1500 kg.
Pay attention to the selection and retention of improved varieties while collecting seeds. Select plants with strong growth and high yield, and then harvest, dry and thresh them after the seeds are completely mature, and use them as seeds.
Efficacy and function of perilla frutescens
Perilla leaves can disperse cold and have strong sweating ability. For exogenous wind-cold symptoms, such as aversion to cold, fever, anhidrosis, etc., it is often combined with ginger. For exterior syndrome of qi stagnation, it can be combined with Cyperus rotundus and Chenpi. Perilla leaves have wide circulation of qi and are used for qi stagnation of spleen and stomach, chest tightness and nausea. Perilla leaf is a delicious condiment, which is widely used in Wuchuan area of Zhanjiang in southern China. People often cook with its leaves, and its delicacy is often compared to clams.
1. Perilla frutescens can not only perspire, dispel cold and relieve exterior syndrome, but also promote qi circulation, relieve depression and stop vomiting. Therefore, this product is very suitable for wind-cold exterior syndrome with chest tightness and vomiting symptoms; Or have symptoms of qi stagnation but no symptoms, and can also be used to promote communication. If matched with Pogostemon Fragrans and Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, it will relieve exterior-middle energizer; if matched with Pinellia ternata and Magnolia Officinalis, it will relieve depression and broaden chest.
2, used for colds: perilla can dispel cold and sweat vigorously, used for wind-cold symptoms, see aversion to cold, fever, no sweat and other symptoms, often used with ginger; For exterior syndrome of qi stagnation, it can be combined with Cyperus rotundus and Chenpi.
3, used for chest tightness, nausea and other symptoms: Perilla frutescens can be used for spleen and stomach qi stagnation, chest tightness, vomiting, regardless of whether there is exterior syndrome, based on its role in promoting qi, and is often combined with Pogostemon in clinic.