Advantages of implementing VAT:
First, it is conducive to implementing the principle of fair tax burden;
Second, it is conducive to the rationalization of production and operation structure;
Third, it is conducive to expanding international trade;
Fourth, it is conducive to the country's universal, timely and stable fiscal revenue.
I taxpayers of value-added tax Units and individuals that sell goods or provide processing, repair and replacement services and import goods within the territory of People's Republic of China (PRC) are taxpayers of value-added tax.
Two. Scope of VAT collection The scope of VAT collection includes: 1, goods; 2. Taxable services; 3. Imported goods.
Three. VAT rate VAT rate is divided into three grades: basic tax rate 17%, low tax rate 13%, and zero tax rate.
Four. The tax basis of value-added tax is the tax basis of taxpayers selling goods or providing taxable services, and the tax basis of imported goods is the prescribed taxable value composition.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Calculation of VAT tax payable
1. Taxable amount of general taxpayers = current output tax-current input tax.
2. Taxable amount of small-scale taxpayers = including sharp sales ÷( 1+ collection rate) × collection rate.
3. Taxable amount of imported goods = (customs duty paid price+customs duty ten consumption tax) × tax rate.
VAT invoice, in fact, is officially called "special VAT invoice". Why do you say "special" Because not every enterprise is qualified to use this kind of invoice, only ordinary taxpayers are qualified to use it, and ordinary taxpayers can't use it on all occasions, but only on specific occasions, such as goods sold directly to ordinary consumers. In China, units and individuals that sell goods or provide processing, repair and replacement services and import goods are subject to tax deduction and turnover tax according to the amount of taxable value and imported goods that sell goods or taxable services.
Special invoice for value-added tax is a new type of invoice used to implement the new value-added tax system in China. Compared with ordinary invoices used in daily business, it has the following characteristics:
(1) Different invoice users: special VAT invoices can only be purchased and used by general VAT taxpayers; Small-scale taxpayers need to be approved by the tax authorities before they can use it; Ordinary invoices can be purchased by all kinds of taxpayers engaged in business activities and handling tax registration; Taxpayers who have not applied for tax registration may also apply to the tax authorities for purchasing and using ordinary invoices.
(2) The contents of the invoice are different: the special VAT invoice includes the taxpayer's tax registration number, the amount excluding VAT, the applicable tax rate and the VAT payable. , except the name of the purchasing unit, the selling unit, the commodity or service, the quantity and measurement unit of the commodity or service, the unit price and the combined price, the billing unit, the payee and the billing date, etc.; There is nothing about value-added tax in the ordinary invoice. ?
(3) There are four basic invoice copies: the first copy is the stub copy (for future reference), the second copy is the invoice copy (for the buyer's bookkeeping), the third copy is the deduction copy (for the buyer's tax deduction certificate), and the fourth copy is the bookkeeping copy (for the seller's bookkeeping); Ordinary invoices are only in triplicate, with the first stub, the second invoice and the third bookkeeping. ?
(4) The role of invoices is different: the special VAT invoice is not only a voucher for the buyer and seller to receive and pay, but also a voucher for the buyer to deduct VAT.
What is the algorithm of VAT?
From the tax principle, value-added tax is a turnover tax levied on the added value of many links such as commodity production, circulation and labor services or the added value of commodities.
According to China's current value-added tax law, the definition of value-added tax can be summarized as follows: value-added tax is a kind of turnover tax levied on units and individuals that sell goods, import goods and provide processing, repair and replacement services within China, and the tax is calculated according to the sales amount of goods, the amount of imported goods and the sales amount of taxable services, and the tax deduction system is implemented.
Value-added tax belongs to extra-price tax, that is, it is borne by consumers and taxed only when there is value-added, but it is difficult to accurately calculate the added value or added value of goods in the production and circulation process in practice. Therefore, China also adopts the internationally common tax deduction method, that is, according to the sales of goods or services, the output tax is calculated at the prescribed tax rate, and then the value-added tax paid when obtaining goods or services is deducted, that is, the input tax, and the difference is the taxable amount of the value-added part. This calculation method reflects the original taxation based on value-added factors.
The formula is: VAT payable = output tax-input tax.
The above passage will be very abstract and difficult for you to understand. I will answer your question in common language, which may be easy to understand.
It says that VAT is an "extra-price tax". What is extra tax? That is, the extra-price tax is borne by consumers. For example:
Your company purchased 100 pieces of goods from Company A, with the amount of 1000 yuan, but your company actually paid the other party10000+10000 *17% (assuming the VAT rate is 65438).
Why do the goods you bought cost 10000 yuan? Because at this time, your company, as a consumer, has to pay more value-added tax of 1700 yuan, which is in addition to the value-added tax. This 1700 yuan VAT is your company's "input tax". Company A overcharged the value-added tax of 1.700 yuan, which does not belong to Company A. Company A has to pay the value-added tax of 1.700 yuan to the state. Therefore, Company A only collects and pays taxes, and does not bear taxes.
Another example is:
Your company processed the purchased 100 goods into 80 A products and sold them to B0 company, realizing the sales of 15000 yuan. Your company not only charges 15000 yuan for the payment of product A of company B, but 15000+05000 * 65438+. The value-added tax of 2550 yuan collected by your company is not yours, and your company has to hand it over to the state. Therefore, the value-added tax of 2550 yuan is not borne by your company, but is only collected and remitted by your company.
If your company is a general taxpayer, the input tax can be deducted from the output tax.
The input value-added tax paid by your company for purchasing goods is 1700 yuan, and the output value-added tax charged for selling product A is 2550 yuan. As your company is a general taxpayer, you can deduct the input VAT from the output VAT. Therefore, the value-added tax paid by your company to the country is 2550- 1700=850 yuan instead of 2550 yuan charged to company B. Therefore, when company B purchased product A from your company, it was paid to your company in 850 yuan and turned over to the country through your company. Company B buys your company's A products, and then sells them to company C, and company C sells them to company D. ...................................................................................................................................................
If you are an accountant, you can see from the accounting entries:
When your company buys 100 pieces of goods from Company A, the accounting entries are as follows:
Borrow: raw materials 10000
Taxes payable-VAT payable (input tax) 1700
Loan: Accounts payable-Company A 1 1700
The entry does not take 1700 yuan as company expenses, but as "tax payable", because your company is a general taxpayer and the input tax can be deducted.
When your company sells 80 A products to Company B, the accounting entries are as follows:
Debit: Accounts Receivable-Company B 17550
Loan: main business income 17000.
Credit: Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 2550
In the entry, the value-added tax of 2550 yuan charged to company B is not regarded as the company's operating income, but "tax payable", because it is not owned by your company, but should be paid to the national tax.
Output tax-input tax = 2550- 1700 = 850 yuan is a tax to be paid to the state.
The above example can make you understand the meaning of "extra tax" more intuitively, and the following example will make you understand the "value-added part" of value-added tax more intuitively, that is, the "value-added amount".
For example:
Sales 100 commodity a, excluding the value-added tax unit price of 80 yuan, excluding the value-added tax sales is 100*80=8000 yuan.
Assuming the VAT rate is 17%, the output tax of commodity A is: 8000* 17%= 1360 yuan.
When purchasing commodity A, 60 yuan (including tax) is paid for each commodity, and the total amount is 100*60=6000 yuan (including tax), which should be converted into: 6000/(1+17%) = 5128.438.
The added value of the above 100 commodity a is 8000-5 128.2 1 (it cannot be reduced by 6000, because 6000 is tax-included, so it should be tax-free) =287 1.79 yuan, and the tax rate is 17%.
VAT payable = output tax-input tax
= 1360-87 1.79
=488.2 1 yuan
Remarks: The difference between the two methods is 0.0 1 yuan (488.2 1-488.20), which is the difference when 6000 yuan is converted from tax-included amount to tax-excluded amount, which is normal and can be calculated according to the tax amount on the anti-counterfeiting tax bill in actual operation).
Related calculation formula:
Output tax = sales excluding tax * tax rate
Input tax = purchase amount excluding tax of purchased goods * tax rate
Calculation formula for converting sales with tax into sales without tax:
Sales excluding tax = sales including tax /( 1+ 17%)
Issuing a VAT invoice (when purchasing goods) can deduct the tax when selling goods.
Increase the credibility of the company (not obvious).
This is why as long as the goods are invoiced, everyone is willing to deal with companies that can invoice for value-added tax.
What is VAT? Why does the country charge VAT?
1. Theoretically, the added value of value-added tax refers to the newly created value in the production process. Because the value-added tax is only levied on the value-added amount, it is called "value-added" tax. For example, the production cost of a product is 80 yuan, and the price of the manufacturer after production and processing is 100 yuan, which adds value to 20 yuan. In fact, the value-added tax is only levied on 20 yuan (the cost of 80 yuan purchased can be deducted from the input tax), and the value-added tax that manufacturers have to pay is 100* 17% (output is called gold) -80* 17% (input tax) =3.4 yuan (taxable amount). Similarly, if the product is sold to the seller at the price of 100, and the seller's price is 150 yuan, which 50 yuan has added to this link, then the business tax payable is equal to 150 * 17% (output tax)-100 */kl. I wonder if this explanation can understand the basic value-added tax.
2. Value-added tax is not income tax, but profit. As can be seen from the above example, it is calculated by multiplying all income by the corresponding tax rate, but it can deduct the value-added tax on your purchase.
3. Value-added tax is a kind of tax levied on the value-added amount obtained by enterprises in selling goods, providing processing, repair and replacement services and engaging in imported goods. As long as the income that needs to pay value-added tax is realized, it is necessary to pay value-added tax, whether it is a value-added ticket or an ordinary ticket, even if no invoice is issued.
4. If the company selling computers is a small-scale taxpayer (an enterprise with an annual income of less than 6,543,800 yuan+8,000 yuan), the tax rate is 4%. If it is an ordinary taxpayer (an enterprise with an annual income of more than 6.5438+0.8 million yuan), the tax rate is 654.38+07% (but the input tax on purchasing computers can be deducted).
It's illegal to add money just because of invoicing. Because the prices of goods in China are different from those in the United States and other countries, yes, they are marked with prices and taxes. But with taxes. For example, a 4000-yuan computer includes tax 153.85 (assuming that the enterprise selling the computer is a small-scale taxpayer), then the price excluding tax in 4000 yuan should be 3846. 15 yuan and 153.85 yuan. At the same time, the seller should also issue an invoice of 4000 yuan. If you add money to invoice, if you don't add it, you won't invoice, then the merchant must be evading taxes.
What is a VAT invoice?
Invoice refers to the money issued and collected in the process of buying and selling goods, providing or receiving services and engaging in other business activities. Invoices in the current tax system are divided into two categories: (ordinary invoices) and (special invoices for value-added tax).
Ordinary invoices refer to invoices used by taxpayers other than special VAT invoices.
Special VAT invoices are only used when general VAT taxpayers and tax authorities issue invoices for small-scale VAT taxpayers. Taxpayers engage in normal production and business activities, on the one hand, they should ask for invoices from the payee, and at the same time, they should also issue invoices to the payer. In particular, the value-added tax system implements the tax deduction system based on invoices, and invoices are not only business vouchers, but also tax payment and tax deduction vouchers.
VAT invoice is also a kind of invoice. An enterprise with the qualification of general VAT taxpayer may apply to the competent national tax department for purchasing VAT invoices, and issue them through the anti-counterfeiting tax control system. An enterprise with the qualification of general taxpayer of value-added tax can deduct the value-added tax with the value-added tax invoice.
-Special VAT invoice is a new type of invoice used in the implementation of the new VAT system in China. Compared with ordinary invoices used in daily business, it has the following differences:
1. The printing requirements of invoices are different: According to Article 22 of the new tax administration law: "Special VAT invoices shall be printed by enterprises designated by the competent tax authorities of the State Council; Other invoices shall be printed by enterprises designated by the State Taxation Bureau and Local Taxation Bureau of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in accordance with the provisions of the competent department of the State Council. No invoice shall be printed without the designation of the tax authorities specified in the preceding paragraph.
2. Different invoice users: Special VAT invoices can only be purchased and used by general VAT taxpayers, and small-scale taxpayers can only use them after being approved by the tax authorities. Ordinary invoices can be purchased by all kinds of taxpayers engaged in business activities and handling tax registration. Taxpayers who have not applied for tax registration may also apply to the tax authorities for purchasing and using ordinary invoices.
3. The contents of the invoice are different: the special VAT invoice includes the taxpayer's tax registration number, the amount excluding VAT, the applicable tax rate and the VAT payable. In addition to the contents of ordinary invoices such as the name, quantity and measurement unit, unit price and price, billing unit, payee and billing date of the purchasing unit, sales unit and goods or services.
4. Invoices have different links: "Special VAT invoices have four links and seven links. The first copy is the stub copy (for future reference), the second copy is the invoice copy (for the buyer's bookkeeping), the third copy is the deduction copy (for the buyer's tax deduction certificate), the fourth copy is the bookkeeping copy (for the seller's bookkeeping), and the remaining three copies are seven copies, which are used as enterprise exit cards, inspections and warehouses respectively. Ordinary invoices are only in triplicate, with the first stub, the second invoice and the third bookkeeping.
5. The role of invoices is different: the special VAT invoice is not only a voucher for the buyer and seller to receive and pay, but also a voucher for the buyer to deduct VAT; Except for freight, agricultural and sideline products and waste materials, which are deducted according to the statutory tax rate, ordinary invoices shall not be deducted.