Yang from Haimen Middle School in Jiangsu Province
appreciation of the beauty
First, the water feet make waves, which is exciting. Tolstoy said: "Short stories are the best school for training writers." Yuan Bingfa, a short story writer, once said that the "smallness" of short stories is "just a form, not its weight". Yes, as long as an excellent short story has a heavy capacity, its weight will never be lower than that of a novel. Gu Ye's novel Hou Zhuoyu after 1980s is such a huge work. Although the length is only 1600 words, it is gripping and gripping, and it summarizes all the plots that ordinary novels should have in a short space. Although the time span of this work is very long-as long as several decades, structurally, the author compresses and condenses the time, place and characters as much as possible, making the work appear concise and exquisite, just like micro-carving crafts: from a point (disciple Hou Zhuoyu), a painting (learning from an antique shop), an instant (expert appreciation) and a comparison (acting before and after stealing jade).
Second, we should know from the micro level and from the close range. Because it is a short story, it limits the author's choice of big scenes in life, and he can only take small scenes from the big scenes to summarize the narrative. Hou Zhuoyu has short space, few characters and simple plot. However, the works are "small but fine" and "exquisite", with less winning more, reflecting the macro from the micro. Although the story tells the situation of the previous society, it has a strong sense of reality and does not give people a feeling of isolation. Instead, it enlightens people and makes them known far and near. As far as the protagonist Hou Zhuoyu is concerned, he was originally an "orphan wandering in Sizhou City", but he was "agile and eloquent". Because "he studied in a private school for a few days", he soon found a job as a waiter in the "Yipinxuan" antique shop in the city. Because of "diligence, cleverness and glib tongue", he won the favor, attention and training of his boss Dong Yuxuan. He has worked for more than ten years, and he is also "practical and studious. In addition to doing what buddies should do, he also alludes to the boss Dong Yuxuan's advice and learning about antiques." Thus, the story begins: on the one hand, the apprentice wants to learn, on the other hand, the master's boss is willing to teach. With this contradiction, how to solve it? Therefore, the master carefully set up a plan to make Hou Zhuoyu "determined to study hard with Dong Yuxuan" after hitting the wall and stay in Yipin Xuan for life. After 20 years, he became "one of the best antique experts in Sizhou City". This story is very subtle, but the significance of the protagonist's life turning point is very rich and intriguing.
Third, it is novel, ingenious and unexpected. The success of short stories is mostly inseparable from the word "odd", which is a sharp reversal of the plot and an unexpected ending. "Hou Zhuoyu" did it: Hou Zhuoyu wanted to learn art as a buddy, and the master was afraid that he would leave him after learning an achievement, so he could not give anything; So Hou Zhuoyu could only learn a little, but he was dissatisfied with the reality. He was eager to make money and left his master to make a living. Only then did he secretly use his savings to "buy jade" behind his master's back. The plot of "buying jade" is not only the necessity of plot development, but also the necessity of character development, which has realized a major turning point in Hou Zhuoyu's life. The plot at the end-the old woman told Hou Zhuoyu before she died that selling jade to change her personality and even her fate 20 years ago was her own arrangement-was also unexpected. Hou Zhuoyu's calm and rational response is even more unexpected, but it vividly illustrates Hou Zhuoyu's growth and maturity, giving the story a deeper and broader meaning.
Fourth, the description of characters has a distinct personality. Hou Zhuoyu's whole story is mainly a general narrative, but there are also many wonderful characters. Because of this, not only the works are heavy and attractive, but also the characters are vivid, which really gives people a sense of appreciation. After writing that Hou Zhuoyu "finally bought this jade with 300 yuan saved for more than ten years", he quietly took it to Shanyang City to "find an antique master Xiao Lao" to appreciate this jade, and his writing began to fluctuate and interesting. The following is the expression of Xiao Lao's "eyes suddenly shining" and Hou Qi's "happy heart" when he first saw this piece of jade. There is also Xiao Lao's expression that "it's really good jade, it should be jade in the late Ming Dynasty" and Hou Qi's expression of "another joy in his heart"; Xiao was even more excited after careful appraisal. "This jade has a touch of luxury!" , and Hou Qi's "excited" confession and sincere admiration for Xiao Lao; In the end, Xiao Lao's words of "suddenly realizing" were used to describe "no wonder" and "pity", and Hou Qi made a beautiful turn from "looking in a trance", "disheartened" and "turning an enemy into an enemy" to "regretting that he had not been attentive to his studies for more than ten years" and "making up his mind to learn from Dong Yuxuan". It is in these three "joys" and "sighs" that the plot is progressive and ups and downs, which vividly describes the attitude and mood of the subject and object, and also brings readers emotional pleasure and aesthetic satisfaction in enjoying reading.
Difficulties refer to Tianjin.
It is difficult to understand the moral of this novel. When choosing small things in small scenes, short stories must seek the effect of "seeing the big things with small ones and treating one as ten", otherwise there will be no philosophy of life and educational significance in the works, which can be left to readers to savor. The work Hou Zhuoyu expresses the most wonderful, vivid and touching fragments in life in the most economical language. So, what does it tell us? Is it to praise the change of Hou Zhuoyu's attitude towards learning art and tell people that they are diligent and enterprising, and there is no end to learning? Is it a compliment to Dong Yuxuan's deadpan wit, which makes Hou Zhuoyu understand the infinite wit of learning? Is it necessary to tell people that a person needs extraordinary wisdom to stand and act? Or criticize Hou Zhuoyu for not secretly buying jade from his master and asking for trouble, and asking people to do things safely? Or criticize Dong Yuxuan for not using such deception to keep his disciples and tell people how to be honest? In addition, is it aimed at telling people that the success of life comes from their constant tempering? Different people will have different opinions when they interpret it.
Kaodian training
1. What are the characteristics of this short story in material cutting? What is the function of this material arrangement?
This novel describes in detail Hou Zhuoyu's first ten years as a waiter in Yipinxuan, especially the things of secretly buying jade and asking someone to identify it, and briefly describes his last twenty years as a waiter in Yipinxuan and his learning from his master Dong Yuxuan. Only by writing the previous events in detail and truly can the whole story be held up and become the basis for the abrupt reversal of the plot behind; Because the description of the following article is based on the previous one, there is no need for a lot of pen and ink, which makes the article more concise and clear.
2. Explore the theme of this short story.
See the difficulty.
Hou zhuoyu
Gu Ye
Hou Qi lives outside the suburbs of Sizhou, formerly known as Hou. Because they are the seventh in the family, people call them rising stars. Because his parents died young, six brothers and sisters didn't care about Hou Qi's life and death. Hou Qi wandered around Sizhou like an orphan. Although Hou Qi didn't read much, he also studied in a private school for a few days. Hou Qi swam in Sizhou City, but he was agile and eloquent. Soon, he found a job as a waiter in the "Yipinxuan" antique shop in the city.
Hou Qi is hardworking, smart and has a glib mouth. Dong Yuxuan, the boss of Yipin Xuan, liked and valued it very much, and gave Hou Qi a salary increase several times in a few years. And Hou Qi didn't live up to Dong Yuxuan's cultivation, keeping Yipin Xuan in good order. Hou Qi has worked in Yipinxuan for more than ten years, from a wandering young man to a young man in his thirties. For more than ten years, Hou Qi is also practical and studious. In addition to doing what your buddy should do, I also asked my boss Dong Yuxuan to learn antique knowledge. How smart Dong Yuxuan is, knowing that Yipin Xuan can stand in Sizhou for decades depends on his professional judgment of sexual assault in the antique industry for decades. If Hou Qi has his own biography, he will have a foothold everywhere. Dong Yuxuan has two sons, but one stayed abroad and the other went to be a soldier. None of them want to follow him in the antique business. Dong Yuxuan also wanted to find a successor with his own skills, and later generations were once considered by Dong Yuxuan. However, Dong Yuxuan is smart, thinking that once he gives everything to others, Hou Nan will definitely leave Yipin Xuan, find another job, or start a new stove, so that his ten years of hard work will be in vain.
Therefore, Hou Qizhi learned the fur of Dong Yuxuan. Hou Qi also understands that Dong Yuxuan will not teach himself easily. For more than ten years, Hou Qi has also saved a sum of money and is ready to be his own boss at any time.
One day, an old woman came to the shop to sell a jade article. After the flag, you can see that the jade is oval, round and bright with a big head and a small tail. Hou Qi knew at a glance that it was an old real jade. After asking the price, the old lady was asking wild speculations, saying that this jade belonged to Princess Changping in the late Ming Dynasty and wanted 500 yuan. Although Hou Qi was startled, he thought that this jade had a history of hundreds of years and was a palace thing. If he buys it and waits for the opportunity, he may make a lot of money. At that time, he will hopefully start a new stove by himself. So after some bargaining, Hou Qi finally bought this jade with 300 yuan he had saved for more than ten years, but the boss Dong Yuxuan naturally kept it a secret.
One day when he was free, Hou Qi quietly took Yuyu to Yang Shan and found Xiao Lao, an expert in antique industry. When Xiao Lao saw the jade, his eyes suddenly lit up, and Hou Qi saw a joy in his heart, which naturally made experts in the antique industry shine at the moment. This time, he probably earned a lot.
Xiao Lao eyes a bright, square knife is really good jade, should be the jade in the late Ming dynasty. After listening to this, Hou Qi felt happy again. He didn't miss the antique fur of his three-legged cat. This jade is really a good jade in the Ming Dynasty. Actually, Hou Qi wasn't sure at that time, and it all depended on years of feeling, but I didn't expect that the old woman didn't lie.
The rising star was about to ask the value geometry of this jade when he suddenly saw Xiao Veteran jade stuck between his lips and nose. He sniffed carefully and sniffed repeatedly. Xiao Lao is very excited. This jade has a touch of luxury! Hou Yi quickly said excitedly that the seller said that this piece of jade was princess Changping's personal jade. At the same time, I envy Xiao Lao, and I can even smell the luxury. It is worthy of being the Taishan Beidou in the antique world.
Hearing this, Xiao Lao suddenly realized, no wonder, no wonder! Then he sighed, but unfortunately, this jade was used to cover the genitals when Princess Changping was buried after her death. Although precious, it is wrapped in filth and worthless. Hou Yi was startled, and then carefully looked at the shape of this jade, which really looked like a woman's vagina. Hou Qi unwilling to ask, how much can this jade be worth? Xiao Lao sighed, up to 30 oceans. Impossible ... impossible ... how is it possible? I spent 300 yuan to sell jade ... Hou Qi walked out of the village in a trance. Xiao Lao added at the back, if you don't believe me, you can cover the jade with a warm towel when you go back and smell it for a while. ...
Desperate Hou Qi went back to Yipin Xuan in Sizhou City and quietly wrapped the jade with a hot towel. After a while, I picked up the jade and smelled it. Sure enough, he smelled a woman's nakedness. Angry and annoyed, Hou Qi smashed the jade.
Hou Qi regrets being late, but what he regrets is that he didn't study hard for more than ten years. If he goes out to open a shop, he will close down sooner or later. Hou Qi is determined to study hard and work hard with Dong Yuxuan.
Twenty years later, Hou Qi, who has been running Yipin Xuan for several years, is one of the best antique experts in Sizhou City.
Dong Yuxuan's two sons, the eldest, went abroad to marry a foreign girl and settled in France and never came back, which made Dong Yuxuan very angry. What hurts Dong Yuxuan is that the second child joined the revolutionary party as a soldier and was beheaded. Dong Yuxuan can't afford to get sick.
When Dong Yuxuan died, he told Hou Qi that twenty years ago, the old lady sold jade herself so that Hou Qi could stay in Yipin Xuan. It is also said that an antique expert can't be an expert for decades.
Hou Qi also understands the boss's good intentions. How could he become Hou Zhuoyu, who opened several branches today, without several sharpening?
Published in 2065438+June 2004, The World of Short Stories.