/kloc-since the second half of the 0/8th century, the causes of the Russian-Turkish war are: the intensification of international contradictions on the Eastern issue; Turkey attempted to retaliate against Ukraine and countries along the Black Sea; Russia tried to consolidate its power in the Balkans and Caucasus, relying on the national liberation movement against the oppression of the Ottoman Empire, which was vigorously developed by the enslaved and Christian people of all ethnic groups.
1676~ 168 1 the Russian-Turkish war was caused by the invasion of Ukraine by the Ottoman Empire of Turkey after the unification of Ukraine and Russia. Turkey opposes reunification.
It occupied Puerto Rico in the Potomac War of 1672~ 1676, and then relied on Haitman Dorosenko of Ukraine on the right bank in an attempt to put the whole Ukraine on the right bank under its own rule. 1674, Hettmann Samoilovich of the left bank of Ukraine was elected as the General Hettmann of Ukraine. On 12000 people led by Doroshenko occupied Chijilin, the capital of Hertmann, on 1676 in an attempt to restore their rule with the help of local troops.
In order to prevent this attempt, the Russian-Ukrainian Coalition forces led by Samoilovich and Romodanovski crossed the Dnieper River in the spring of 1676, surrounded Chikilin, captured the city, and captured Dorosenko on August 2. During the expedition to Chikirin, the Russian-Ukrainian Coalition forces and the Turkish Tatar forces never stopped fighting for Chikirin.
From 1679 to 1680, the Russian-Ukrainian allied forces led by Samoilovich and Romodanovski relied on the newly-built defense line in Abatis, Hikoum to repel the Crimean Tatars' repeated invasions. As Turkey failed to achieve its goal, it was forced to sign the Bach-Cisari Peace Treaty on June 23rd, 168 1, recognizing the unification of Ukraine and Russia on the left bank. The coordinated action of Russian and Ukrainian armies played an important role in defeating the Turkish Tatar army in the war.
The Russian-Turkish War from 1686 to 1700 was the continuation of Russia's struggle against the Ottoman Empire. War broke out after Russia joined the "holy alliance" against Turkey.
During the war, Russian troops made expeditions to Clim and the Sea of Azov. As the Russian-Swiss war approached, other members of the alliance concluded a peace treaty with Turkey, and the Russian government also concluded a peace treaty with Turkey in Constantinople.
At the end of the war, the Sea of Azov and the area along the Sea of Azov to the Mius River were allocated to Russia. The war proved that the Russian army must be reformed.
1710 ~1713 was fought in the northern war and ended in Russia's defeat. Russia was forced to abandon Assyria and tear down the fortifications along the Azov Sea.
The Russian-Turkish war of 1735~ 1739 was caused by the intensification of the contradiction between Russia and Turkey after the Russian-Polish war of 1733~ 1735.
On May 3 1736, Marshal Minich's Dnieper Army stormed and occupied Bieleke Wave, and then occupied Bakhsalai, the capital of the Crimean Khanate. However, due to the epidemic and lack of food and drinking water, Russian troops were forced to withdraw to Ukraine. With the support of Lieutenant General Brittany's Don River Fleet, the Orton River Army under the command of General Rasi captured the Sea of Azov on June 30th. 1736. 1737 In July, Tang Jun, with the cooperation of the regional fleet, forcibly crossed Lake Sivash and defeated Clim Khan's army in the Battle of Sargil River. On July 13, Dnieper Army stormed Ochakov.
In the same year, Austria entered the war, but the Austrian army repeatedly fought and lost. In order to cooperate with the Austrian army active in Warrap and Bosnia, the Russian army launched an attack on Moldavia at the beginning of 1739. Therefore, the war took a turning point. In August, the Dnieper army defeated the Turkish army in the battle of Stavchane.
Moldavia was admitted into Russian territory at the request of Moldavia delegation. Russia was forced to sign the Belgrade Peace Treaty with Turkey because of the threat of Swedish invasion and its ally Austria's withdrawal from the war. In the Russian-Turkish war of 1735~ 1739, the military art was enriched through the experience of crossing the complicated water obstacles.
1768~ 1774 Russia-Turkey War was the result of the Ottoman Empire's invasion of Russia and its opposition to Russia's expanding influence in Poland, and it was the continuation of Russia's struggle for the Black Sea. 654381October 6, Turkey declared war on Russia with the support of France and Austria.
To this end, the Russian General golitsyn's 1 Army was transferred from Kiev to Huojing, and General Rumyantsev's 2nd Army fought in the area between Dnieper River and Don River. Clim Khan Kaplan Golay's troops invaded Ukrainian territory. After repelling the enemy's attack on Ukraine, the Russian Second Army went out to the Sea of Azov and blocked Crimea. In the Danube War Zone, golitsyn was at war with 200,000 enemy troops.
After two defeats to Huo Jing, he was forced to lead his troops across the Dniester River in June 1769. In June 65438 +065438+ 10, the Turkish defenders abandoned the fire pit because of lack of food. 1 Army attacked Yaxi under the command of new commander Rumiantsev, and occupied the city on June 7, 10. The second army fought along the South Bug River. 1769 In July, Admiral Spiridov's sub-fleet sailed from the Baltic Sea into the Mediterranean Sea to participate in the war.
In the war of 1770, the troops of 1 defeated the enemy near the Kengtian cemetery and on both sides of the Larga River and the Kagur River. The appearance of Russian sub-fleet in Aegean Sea promoted the Greek people's uprising against Turkish rule.
In the Battle of Chesmi, the Russian sub-fleet defeated the Turkish fleet, thus ensuring its own sea power in the Aegean Sea and completing the blockade of the Da Daniil Strait. In September, Russian troops stormed Binjeri fortress, and in July ~ 165438+ 10, they successively captured Izmir, Kilia, Brailov and Archerman.
177 1 year, 1 army launched military operations. With the cooperation of the Danube fleet, it occupied Jurya in February and blocked the fortresses of Turkey and Ithaca in March. General Dolgorukov's second army, with the cooperation of the Azov fleet, launched a storm on June 25th, captured Pilekebo and occupied Crimea.
After the Austrian army advanced to the Russian border, the Russian army 1 army turned to active defense.
The group army was divided into three clusters and fought in front of 1000 km. 10 in June and June, the Turkish army that tried to rush into the left bank of the Danube with superior forces was repelled many times. The successful action of the Russian fleet in the Mediterranean promoted the outbreak of the Arab anti-soil uprising in Egypt and Syria in 177 1. Russia's victory on land and at sea forced Turkey to sign an armistice agreement with Russia on May 30th, 772/KLOC-0. On June 1 12 10/2, Russia concluded a treaty with Kerim Khan Sassi Bouguer.
According to the treaty, Crimea left Turkey and was protected by Russia.
1773' s military action was carried out in the Balkan war zone. In June, Lumiantsev Group troops crossed the Danube and surrounded the Silesia fortress. From May to June, General suvorov's troops successfully attacked Kay in Turtut many times.
However, due to insufficient troops, Rumiyantsev's army was forced to withdraw from the Danube. From September to 65438+ 10, Russian troops tried to attack Varna and Soumla, but failed.
1June 774, Rumiantsev led 52,000 Russian troops to cross the Danube. On June 20th, Russian troops defeated 40,000 Turkish troops near Kozluka. Saltykov's troops defeated 15000 Turkish troops near Turturke. Lumiantsev and his men blocked the fortresses in Soumla, Lushuk and Silesia, and their vanguard troops crossed the Balkans.
In this situation, Russia and Turkey signed the Chuk-Kenerjee Peace Treaty on July 24th. The peace treaty confirmed Russia's victory in this war and ensured Russia's free entry into the Black Sea.
In the Russian-Turkish war of 1768~ 1774, the experience of the army and navy in strategic coordinated action, crossing large water obstacles, mountain attack, and fighting for fortresses enriched Russian military art. During the war, Rumi Yantsev founded the Riemann paddle boat fleet to cooperate with the army to complete combat tasks.
A new type of dispersed battle formation-division and regiment phalanx is widely used in the war, and the linear battle formation is replaced by column combined with shooter dispersed formation. The fatwas and codes formulated by Rumiantsev and suvorov reflect the combat experience of the troops.
The Russian-Turkish war of 1789~ 179 1 was caused by Turkey's revenge plan. Turkey demands that Russia return Crimea, recognize Georgia as Turkey's territory, and allow Turkey to inspect Russian merchant ships entering and leaving the Strait. Russia rejected this ultimatum, and Turkey went to war with Russia, dispatching 200,000 troops and a powerful fleet. The Russian high command launched two army groups: the yekaterina Army and the Ukrainian Army, as well as the Kremlin Army and the Cuban Army.
At the same time, the Black Sea Fleet was mobilized. 1787 On August 2 1, most of the Turkish fleet launched an attack on Russian frigates moored near Kimboon. On the night of September 13, 700 Turkish troops landed in Kimbuen Shazui, but were defeated by Russian troops.
/KOOC-0/0/KOOC-0/0/KOOC-0/2, the Turkish landing team landed near Kimboon under the cover of artillery fire, but it was quickly attacked by the suvorov Army and almost completely annihilated. 1788 at the beginning of the war, Austria joined the Russian side in the war and sent 26,000 soldiers from Prince Koberg's legion to fight in Moldavia.
During the war, Russian troops besieged and seized Huojing and Ochakov forts. The fleet played an important role in attacking the fortress of Ochakov.
In the war of 1789, Ukrainian troops fought for Binjeri and other fortresses in Bissalabia. In August 1789, 1, a Russian army and an Austrian army defeated Osman Pasha's 30,000 troops in Fokshani. On September 22nd, under the command of suvorov, the Russian-Austrian coalition forces smashed the 654.38 million Turkish troops of Prime Minister Youssef Pasha on the banks of the remnick.
However, Potemkin did not take advantage of these victories to attack the other side of the Danube, but only captured the fortresses of Bingley, Hajibe and Archerman. In the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, Russian private enemy fleets operate on the traffic lines of the Turkish fleet.
In the 1790 war, potemkin still concentrated its main force on besieging enemy forts, instead of annihilating Turkish troops on the battlefield. The Turkish Command turned its main assault direction to the Caucasus coast of the Black Sea, transferred 40,000 troops from Pasha, Baatar, to the Anapa fortress area to attack Kuban, and prepared for landing in Crimea.
The Russian Black Sea Fleet, under the command of Major General ushakov, successively raided in the naval battles of Sinop, Kerch Strait and Kendra Island, and defeated the Turkish fleet. On September 8-9, the Sino-Russian fleet consolidated this victory in the naval battle of Kendra Island. With the help of the fleet, the southern army occupied the fortresses of Kilia, Turkey and Ithaca. Baatar Pasha's army that attacked Kabardino was also defeated. In September, Austria concluded a peace treaty with Turkey alone, which put Russia in a difficult position. Nevertheless, Russia still attacked the Danube.
1790 12.22, suvorov and his men captured the fortified fortress of Izmir.
Russian troops won a great victory in the war of 179 1. On June 15, General Kutuzov's troops crossed the Danube and routed 23,000 Turkish troops near Babadag. On July 9th, the main Russian army defeated the Turkish army in the battle of Merching. On July 3, General Gudovic's troops captured Anapa in the western Caucasus. The Russian army's victory on land and sea, and ushakov's victory in defeating the Turkish fleet in Cape Ria, Carrec on August 1 1/accelerated the signing of the Asian-West Peace Treaty.
In the Russian-Turkish war of 1787~ 179 1, the new experience of cooperation between the army and the navy enriched Russian military art, and the tactics of combining columns with scattered formations and besieging forts were developed. Suvorov summed up the advanced experience of Russian troops in his book The Science of Winning.
1806~ 18 12 Russian-Turkish war was launched by Turkey with the support of Napoleon I, and Turkey tried to retaliate in the war because Russia had a fierce war with France and Iran.
The cause of this war was: the treaty signed in 1805 on the free passage of Russian ships through the Strait was destroyed.
In response, the Russian government moved General Mikhail Hislen's Moldavia Army to Moldavia and Warrap controlled by Turkish puppets from 1806 1 to 65438+February. The Danube Cossack Army defected to Russia. On February 30, 65438, Great Britain, which stood on the side of Russia, began to act. Its fleet tried to control the fortifications on both sides of the Daniil Strait and the Egyptian coast, but failed. Vice admiral's Russian sub-fleet, based on Tenedos Island, blocked the Da Daniil Strait from February 1807 and defeated the Turkish fleet in the naval battles of Da Daniil and Asos.
In the Balkan and Caucasus theaters, the Russian army also defeated the Turkish army many times. After the disintegration of the British-Russian anti-Turkey alliance, Russia signed an armistice agreement with Turkey in August 1807, but the war resumed in the spring of 1809. Russian troops cooperated with Azerbaijani militia and Georgian militia in the Caucasus war zone, drove Turkish troops out of Poti and Suhum-Kale, and occupied the fortress of Akhal Karaki. Marshal Prozorovski led 80,000 Russian troops, crossed the Danube with the cooperation of Danube Fleet 140 ship, and captured Ithaca, Tulka, Babadag, Merching, Izmir, Brailov and other fortresses.
18 10 in may, under the command of the new commander-in-chief, general Kamenski, Russian troops occupied pazarjik, Silesia and Laszlo forts. In the Battle of Batina on September 7th and 8th, the Turkish army was defeated. In September, the Turkish defenders of Rushuk Fortress and Yulya Fortress surrendered. 181010/On October 29th, Russian troops raided and seized Lofodge, but soon gave up. 18 1 1 February 10 stormed the city again.
18 1 1 At the beginning of the year, due to the threat of Napoleon's invasion, Russia was forced to transfer the Danube Corps to the western border. Russian troops were reduced by nearly half and began to be commanded by Kutuzov. He forced the Turkish army to surrender in the Battle of Lachouque on July 4th and the Battle of Zeya in Sloboda on February 5th, 65438, and won the war.
Due to Kutuzov's superb diplomatic skills, Turkey signed the Bucharest Peace Treaty. The peace treaty stipulates that Bissalabia and West Georgia should be incorporated into Russian territory. 18 12 Napoleon lost Turkey as an ally on the eve of the Great Patriotic War.
In the Russian-Turkish war of 1806~ 18 12, Lu Haijun's new experience in strategic cooperation and his experience in seizing fortresses and encircling the enemy enriched Russian military art.
The Russian-Turkish War from 1828 to 1829 was caused by the European powers' struggle for the territory of the Ottoman Empire.
At that time, the serious domestic crisis in the Ottoman Empire was further deepened by the Greek National Liberation Revolutionary War.
When the joint fleet dispatched to defend Greek autonomy and defeated the Turkish-Egyptian joint fleet in the naval battle of Navarino, the Turkish Sultan learned that the contradiction between the allies intensified, tore up all the agreements reached between Russia and Turkey, and declared war on Russia in 1827 and 12.
1828 On April 26th, Russia declared war on Turkey. In order to deal with Hussein Pasha's 6.5438+0.5 million troops, Russia transferred Marshal Wittgenstein's 95,000 troops to the Danube theater. General Paskevich's 25,000-strong army was transferred to the Caucasus theater to deal with the 50,000-strong Turkish army.
Wittgenstein's army crossed the border on May 7, and after a month of fighting, it occupied the Danube vassal state and crossed the Danube. On June+10/October 1 1 day, 65438, Russian troops launched a joint attack from land and sea and occupied Varna. After crossing the border, the Paskevich Army stormed the Kars fortress on July 5th. From July to August, with the support of the local militia, various units of the Caucasian Corps occupied the fortresses of Ardagan, Akhalzih, Poti and Bayazit.
In the war of 1829, the fighting between the two sides was very fierce. 1 1 June, 2008 10, the Russian army under the command of General Diebitsch defeated the enemy with 1 times more troops near Silesia, and occupied Silesia on June 30th. In July, Diebitsch led 65,438+07,000 people across the Balkans and into the Adriatic fortress. On August 20th, the defenders of the city surrendered.
The Russian army's attack on the south put Istanbul in danger. In the Caucasus, Russian troops took control of erzurum on July 9 and went to Tlapa for a visit. Russian troops won in two war zones, and the main force went to Istanbul. The fleet blocked the Bosporus Strait and the Da Daniil Strait, and ships cruised on the Turkish coast of the Black Sea. These actions forced the Turkish government to sign the Fort Adrijana Peace Treaty on September 65438, 2004.
1828~ 1829 Russian-Turkish war had a great influence on improving the command ability of the army and organizing land-sea cooperative operations. At the same time, it has accumulated experience in fighting for the fortress and conducting field operations, and developed the elements of the campaign.
As a result of the Russian-Turkish war, Russia retained some territories in South Ukraine, Crimea, Bissalabia and Caucasus, and firmly established its own rule along the Black Sea coast.