I. Demand
1, definition: an unbalanced state within an organism, which shows that the organism's desire for the internal and external environment ① has objects, and those who have no objects do not exist ② are restricted by society, ③ are social, ③ are constantly developing, and will never stay at the same level ④ are the driving force and source to promote organism activities.
2. Category: from the perspective of production: nature and society. Nature (physiology, biology), caused by physiological imbalance, is related to the survival of organisms and the continuation of races, such as diet, rest, courtship, etc. Society (possessiveness) is unique to people, acquired through learning and produced by reflecting social requirements, such as knowledge, achievements and communication. According to the needs of the object: material and spiritual.
Second, motivation.
1. Definition: It is an internal psychological activity or internal motivation that stimulates individuals to move towards certain goals and maintains this activity. Characteristics of motivation: we can't directly observe it, but we can infer it according to the external behavior of individuals.
2. Generation: (1) The internal driving force (driving force) is generated on the basis of needs: it is caused by physiological needs, which promotes the awakening state of individuals and restores the internal balance of the body. (2) Motivation refers to the external conditions that can lead to the directional activities of organisms and meet certain needs. Under the induction, even if the body does not promote balance, it will also cause the motivation of activity. (3) Emotion can also motivate people.
3. Relationship between motivation and behavior: The same or similar motivation can cause different behaviors, and the same behavior can also be caused by different motives. Motivation and results are generally consistent, but for some reason, there will be inconsistencies.
4. Category (1) is divided into ① physiological motivation and ② social motivation based on physiological needs, including communication motivation, achievement motivation and power motivation. Interests and hobbies are social motives. Interest is people's psychological tendency to know something or engage in certain activities. The qualities of interest include: tendentiousness, extensiveness, persistence and efficiency. Hobby means that when people's interests point to an activity, this motivation becomes a hobby.
(2) According to whether the purpose of the activity can be achieved: ① there can be conscious motivation, ② there can be no conscious motivation. Stereotype is often an unconscious motivation.
(3) Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation: Intrinsic needs and external environmental influences can promote individual behaviors and activities; External motivation is positive only if it does not damage internal motivation; If individual activities are only promoted by external rewards, then external motivation will be damaged.