Daylighting is influenced by many factors, mainly four: orientation, building spacing, number of floors and depth (width). As I mentioned just now, the house facing south has good lighting. Generally speaking, when the orientation of the whole house is difficult to judge, we mainly refer to the orientation of the living room and the master bedroom. This is the main activity area and main lighting surface of the house. This room faces south, so the overall lighting is good. Building spacing generally refers to the distance between two buildings, which has a great influence on lighting.
If the building is too close, even if it faces south, there will not be enough lighting. The state has specific requirements for building spacing standards:
Distance between the front and rear of the house: residential houses in ordinary residential areas can be calculated according to the ratio of building height to building distance = 1: 1.2. According to the national regulations (design code), the sunshine time from winter solstice is not less than 1 hour (bottom window of residence). The distance is the height from the outdoor terrace of the building to the eaves of the building /tan(a)a—— the solar altitude angle at noon from winter to Sunday.
Left-right spacing of houses: 6m for multi-storey buildings (4-6 floors and below), 9m for multi-storey buildings and high-rise buildings (12 floors and above), and 13m for high-rise buildings.
The number of floors will also affect the lighting. If the building spacing is fixed, the higher the floor, the less the shelter and the longer the sunshine time in a day. However, if the floor is too high, it will also face the heat caused by severe sunlight in summer.
Area width refers to the distance between the east and west walls of a house or living room, that is, the lighting surface; Depth is the distance between the north and south walls of a house or living room, that is, the side without lighting. The ratio of width to depth is the ratio of the two. Width and depth are proportional, and they need to be balanced. The golden ratio is 4:6. Generally speaking, the greater the width and the smaller the depth, the better the lighting conditions of the house, and vice versa. The following are some common scale references, but they still depend on the specific layout:
The living room is more than 5 meters deep and 3.2~4.5 meters wide;
The bedroom is 3~5 meters deep and 3~3.9 meters wide.
The depth of studio and study should not be too large, and the width should be 2~3.6 meters;
The depth of kitchen and bathroom should not be too large, and the width should be 2~3.6 meters.
5. Ventilation equipment
When buying a house, indoor air circulation is also important. In fact, ventilation is closely related to lighting, and it is also influenced by factors such as building spacing, width and depth of apartment, and height of floors.
The house facing south has the best ventilation effect, followed by the southeast. In terms of building spacing, try to choose a house without tall buildings on the windward side. At the same time, avoid the two tall buildings in front of the house, because it may happen? High speed lane wind? This high-speed wind is not conducive to ventilation and comfort.
North-south permeability, east-west permeability, easy to form air convection. Like lighting, the greater the width, the smaller the depth, and the better the ventilation capacity.
Generally speaking, the higher the floor, the better the ventilation effect, and the high-rise building is better than the multi-storey, but considering the 9- 12 floor, is it considered? Gray layer? 1-There may be trees on the fourth floor. Generally speaking, floors above 5-7 or 12 will be better than other floors. For multi-floors, the ventilation effect of the top floor is better. Although the floor is high and well ventilated, we should also pay attention to windy weather, which is also called a problem.
In addition, there are many places to pay attention to, such as the location and layout of buildings. If the residential area has both board houses and towers, then the board houses on the south side or single buildings, and the board houses arranged on the north side are beneficial to ventilation, and the ventilation effect of the residential area with staggered buildings is better. Building structure will also affect ventilation. One staircase with two households is definitely better than one staircase with many households, and the ventilation degree of the middle apartment with one staircase with many households will be worse. Therefore, if buyers want to choose a well-ventilated house, try to choose a side cover. At the same time try to ensure that there are no more than four households on the first floor.
Finally, the size of the window also affects the ventilation effect. It is not good to have windows, so when you look at the house, you can open all the windows to see how big they can be and feel the ventilation effect.
Third, other precautions In addition to the points mentioned above, there are some small details in the process of buying a house that are crucial and cannot be ignored. For example, when looking at a house, we should pay attention to whether there are cracks, water leakage and water seepage in the walls, corners and ceilings of the house. Corner is the place that bears the structural forces of up, down, left and right, and the quality of the house can also be seen from the corner. Therefore, it is also necessary to look at the house (see the lighting) in rainy days or at night. Attention should also be paid to the quality and response sensitivity of the elevator. Be sure to pay attention to the distribution and presence of sockets in the room, because replacing and adding sockets is troublesome, time-consuming and laborious. Of course, it is also worth mentioning that if you are looking at a second-hand house, and the house is in good condition in all aspects, and the important thing is that the price is still very low, then you should consider whether the house is a haunted house or a bad feng shui.
Of course, not every house that meets the above standards is a good house, because there is no perfect house without defects. Different people have different housing needs and different priorities. You can choose your own focus according to your own specific situation, remember that there is no best, only the most suitable.