Thinking about the problem:
1. What effect does the change of medical model have on medical concept?
A: The medical model is a concentrated reflection of the concepts of mind, body, health and disease in a certain era, and it is the guiding ideology for the development of medical science. Influenced by the level of social productive forces, science and technology and philosophical thoughts, different medical models have emerged in different historical periods, including deism, natural philosophy, biomedicine and biopsychosocial medical models. The difference between these models is mainly reflected in the different understanding of the relationship between body and mind. Medical model plays a great role in the development of medical science, which can not only play a positive role in promoting, but also become a factor restricting or hindering development. Every medical worker is inevitably influenced or dominated by the medical model. The health concept of the World Health Organization (WHO) is the product of the transformation of medical model, which has greatly promoted the development of medicine and embodied the bio-psychological-social medical model. The biomedical model tends to treat people as biological people in epistemology, ignoring their social attributes. In practical work, only local organs are concerned, while the whole human system is ignored; Pay attention to physiological factors but not to psychological and social factors; In medical scientific research, more attention is paid to the process of physical biological activities, less to the behavior and psychological process, and the important role of psychological and social factors in health is ignored. Engel published an article in Science (65438-0977), proposing that the bio-psychological-social model should be used to guide the research and education in health care, which became a milestone in the birth of a new medical model. The new medical model does not exclude biological research, but requires biomedicine to take system theory as its conceptual framework and monism of body and mind as its basic guiding ideology. The bio-psychological-social medical model emphasizes the monism of body and mind. The interaction and influence between human body (body or physiology) and mind (spirit or psychology) is bidirectional, and the interaction mode is circular, but it is nonlinear. In the process of human diseases, body and mind interact and influence each other.
2. Explain the doctor-patient communication process?
A: The communication process includes information planning, information coding, information transmission, information decoding, information feedback and communication interference.
1. information planning information is the basis of communication, and forming clear, complete and organized information in your mind is the beginning of good communication. Information planning is a process of collecting, sorting and analyzing information. The process of information planning reflects the logical thinking ability and information quantity of the information sender. Many people often feel "I don't know what I said" during or after communication, which is mostly caused by the low quality of information. According to whether information is easy to understand and master, it can be divided into explicit information and implicit information. Explicit information refers to information that is easy to understand and master; Implicit information refers to information that is not easy to understand and master. Generally speaking, the clearer and more standardized information is, the clearer it is, and the more conducive it is to communication. If you want to be a person with good communication skills, you must first improve your information planning ability. Information planning includes: determining the scope of information, collecting information, evaluating information, and sorting out and analyzing information. (1) Determine the information scope: Determining the information scope is the first step of information planning, and it is also the key step to determine the quality of information planning. The essence of determining the scope of information is to determine the purpose of information planning, make a preliminary judgment on the nature, quality and content of the information to be obtained, and thus determine the scope of information collection. (2) Collecting information: Collecting information is to sort out and analyze the information that meets the requirements according to the determined information scope. (3) Information evaluation: Information evaluation refers to the evaluation of the authenticity and accuracy of information data. The quality of information evaluation directly affects the effectiveness of information planning results. (4) Information collation and analysis: Information collation and analysis is to process and collate the collected qualified information, with the purpose of obtaining some valuable conclusions.
2. Information coding Information coding is to symbolize information and meaning, compile it into a certain language form such as words or other forms of symbols, and express it in some form. The process of information exchange begins with the sending of information. The sender has the meaning or idea of the people, but it needs to be included in a certain form before it can be transmitted. This is called coding. The most commonly used coding is spoken and written language, in addition, it also depends on body language and facial expressions, tones, gestures and other action languages.
3. Information transmission Information transmission refers to the transmission of information from one subject to another through a certain transmission medium. Sending information can be achieved through a conversation, a speech, a letter, a newspaper, a TV program, etc. The communication process sometimes requires the use of two or more communication channels. For example, for the evaluation of employees' job performance, managers can provide a written material after oral evaluation. The media are rich and varied, and different media are suitable for transmitting different information. (The related contents of the media will be introduced in detail later)
4. Information decoding, that is, the received information conforms to understanding, it is reduced to an idea, and then the information is understood in your own way of thinking. Information decoding includes two levels, one is to restore the sender's information expression, and the other is to correctly understand the true meaning of the information. In the process of decoding, the receiver must also consider the experience background of the sender, so as to grasp the real intention of the sender more accurately and understand the original intention of the received information correctly and comprehensively. Only when the information receiver's understanding of the information is the same as or similar to the meaning of the information transmitted by the information sender can the correct information exchange be possible. In the process of communication, different individuals and organizations have different decoding methods, which will directly affect the effect of communication.
5. Information feedback Information transmission is not the most important purpose of communication, and the core of communication lies in understanding, persuasion and action. After receiving information or acting on it, information recipients will put forward their own opinions and suggestions according to their own understanding, feelings and experiences, which is information feedback. Information feedback plays a very important role in continuous communication, which is not only an important basis for evaluating the results of the last communication, but also an important reference for further improving the communication effect. In feedback, the original receiver becomes the sender and the original sender becomes the receiver. Therefore, we can see that the communication process is a two-way interactive process, not a one-way simple information transmission process.
6. Communication Interference People may face some interference factors in the process of communication. These interference factors may come from the communicator himself or from the external environment. Interference between communicators, some intentional, some unintentional. For example, the communicator's language expression ability is poor, the language is not fluent, or some body movements, expressions, eyes and so on. Those frequent occurrences that interfere with each other's attention are unconscious and belong to unintentional interference. Sometimes, in order to achieve their own goals, one communication party often deliberately creates communication obstacles for other communication parties, for example, deliberately making certain contents ambiguous. External interference is common, such as noise in communication places. The quality of information communication tools also affects the communication effect.
Comment |2 1
2013-09-2416:12 Cui yuesong's love in Yan Bing | level 1.
The process of doctor-patient communication is
The specific process is as follows:
(1) Greeting: The doctor greets the patient actively, apologizes for the patient's waiting, introduces himself, asks the patient how to address himself, asks about the purpose of seeing a doctor, and sees a doctor for the last time.
(2) Patient's sitting position: According to the illness, arrange the patient to sit comfortably or supine, and try to make the patient relax and concentrate.
(3) Establish a harmonious relationship: overcome the barriers of language, culture and social status, and show sincerity, respect, sympathy, enthusiasm, trust and justice to patients.
(4) Asking about the illness: Encourage and inspire the patient to describe the medical history truthfully and carefully, listen patiently and don't interrupt the patient's statement at will to avoid hints and complicated questions.
(5) The doctor's emotional expression: encourage, support and comfort the patient, and understand the patient's pain.
(6) Non-verbal communication: Pay attention to good posture, correct attitude and natural expression to avoid leaving a bad impression on patients.
(7) Discussion method: allow patients to fully express, guide patients to clearly express important issues, handle sensitive topics cautiously, and emphasize important clues and key issues from time to time.
(8) Discuss related issues: work, social activities, hobbies, sex life, etc.
(9) Life situation: main life experiences, personality, family, interpersonal relationships, unfortunate experiences, etc.
(10) patient education: explain the diagnosis to patients, provide health consultation and suggest disease prevention measures.
(1 1) Explain the treatment measures: explain the prescription and explain the adaptability and side effects of the treatment to patients.
(12) Establish long-term contact: If the illness requires follow-up, stick to follow-up.
(13) Summary: Summarize the diagnosis and treatment process concisely, solicit patients' opinions, and thank patients for their trust and cooperation.
(14) feedback: register and follow up the patients after treatment to understand the treatment effect.