"Qi" originated from:
One: from Ji surname. Take the city name as the surname. According to> Spring and Autumn Period, Hou IV's grandson was named, and he was a doctor. Its food was collected in Qi Xi (now Qixian County, Shanxi Province), known as Qi Yi in the world, and then Qi Shi. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were many Qi families in the State of Jin, followed by Shu Qi, and (Qi Society), all branches of Qi family.
Two: take the official position as the surname. In the official system of Zhou Li, there is a person who is in charge of armor, and his name is Praying. The people who have served as Qi Fu for generations are Qi.
Family celebrities
During the Spring and Autumn Period, doctors from the State of Jin retired and returned to China. Jin Hou asked who could inherit him. Qi Guo first recommended his enemy Xie Hu, and then recommended his son. Canon "Zuo Zhuan" xianggong three years ".
Location: Taiyuan, Shanxi, Chang 'an County, Shaanxi.
Re-discussion on the origin of Qi surname
Qi's surname did not enter the top 100 in Chinese mainland and Taiwan Province province. The surname Qi originated in ancient times. According to legend, the ancient Yellow Emperor had twenty-five sons, one of whom was named "Qi Bao", and later generations took "Qi" as their surname. So the surname Qi is a direct descendant of the Yellow Emperor. There was a weapon in the Zhou Dynasty. Officials wearing armor are called "Qi Fu", and some descendants of "Qi Fu" take the word "Qi" as their surname. In addition, there is a surname Qi, from the Spring and Autumn Period, doctor Xi of the State of Jin. He was sealed in this place and was called "Qi Xi", so his descendants took "Qi" as their surname. Look at the wind in Qishi County.
Latest information on the origin of Qi surname:
Qi is the145th surname in China, with a large population, accounting for about 0.08% of the Han population in China. ?
The origin of Qi surname is Liu: 1, which comes from the Duke of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to Yuan He Shi Bian and Ci Yuan, in the Spring and Autumn Period, the fourth Hou Xian was a doctor of Jin and lived in Qi (the old city was located in Guxian Town, fifteen miles southeast of Qixian County, Shanxi Province), so Yi was the surname. 2, from the surname Ji, after the Yellow Emperor. According to Guang Yun, among the 25 sons of the Yellow Emperor, 14 have surnames, including Qi. 3. People, descendants of Yao. According to the textual research of surnames, Qi's surnames are after Yaodi. According to the historical records of this road, Qi State followed. 5. Sima Yi was named after his father in Zhou Dynasty. According to legend, Clifford was an official in charge of Jia Bing affairs, and later generations took the official name as their surname. 6. From other nationalities. Manchu surname in Qing dynasty, living in Shenyang; In addition, the Manchu Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty changed their surnames to Qi after Chideli. In the Qing Dynasty, the toast of Xining (now Qinghai) in Gansu and the toast of Nianbo County (now Ledu in Qinghai) were Qi and Mongolian. The Tu nationality is Qiga, and the Han nationality is Qi. Today, Tujia, Yi, Manchu, Baoan, Dongxiang, Hui and other ethnic groups all have this surname.
The surname is the ancestor Qi Xi. A work? The word antelope. Doctors in the state of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. Jin Wengong was a lieutenant in China's army. Later, due to his advanced age, he asked for retirement. He first recommended his enemies to solve the problem of loneliness and died because he didn't go to his post. He also recommended his son Wu Qi to take his place. Confucius praised him: "It's ok to promote the enemy outside, but it's impossible to avoid relatives inside." After Jin Pinggong ascended the throne, he was appointed as a public doctor. The real name Ji, in the first year (556), seized all the grain, took the land as the surname, and changed the surname Qi. Later generations respected Qi as their ancestors.
The name of the State of Qi originated from the State of Qi, including almost the whole Jinzhong Pingchuan. In the 12th year of Jin Qinggong (the first 5 14), Qi Ying, the grandson of Qi, was killed for his crime and the food city was confiscated. Since then, the descendants of Qi have been scattered in Shanxi. After the three clans were divided into Jin Dynasty, the Qi surname originated from Qi State and scattered in Shanxi, Hebei, Henan and other provinces. In the Western Han Dynasty, the surnames of Qi seen in history books included Wang Yang Sun You Qi Hou Tower (originally Qi Hou) and Xinfeng (now southwest of Weinan, Shaanxi) Fu Qi Tai Bo. It can be seen that Qi has settled in Shaanxi. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the surname of Qi was still rare in history books. However, according to the records of "Hundreds of Surnames in Counties" and "Examination of Surnames", Qi has two surnames: one is Taiyuan County and the other is Fufeng County. It shows that from this time to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Qi family once flourished in the above two places for a long time, with a prosperous population and a loud reputation. In the later period, the surname of Qi in other places was also derived from these two punishments. This period is an era of great social unrest, great ethnic integration and the migration of people's congresses in the north. Due to the large number of northern gentry moving south, it is imperative for Qi to move south. For example, in the Three Kingdoms period, Wu had Qi Geng (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), and in the Northern Wei Dynasty, there was Qi Xian in Hedong (now Xiaxian, Shanxi). During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Qi surname was widely distributed in the north, and now there are people living in Shandong, Gansu and other places. In the Song Dynasty, especially after the Southern Song Dynasty, the southern eponymous gradually flourished. Today, people surnamed Qi have settled in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other places, and the famous South Renye Fang in history has gradually increased. Social unrest at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty led to a sharp drop in the population of Central Plains, East China and Central South China. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Qi family in Shanxi was moved to Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shaanxi and other places as one of the surnames of people who moved to the pagoda tree in Hongdong in the Ming Dynasty. After the middle of Ming Dynasty, the surname Qi was more widely distributed in China. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, the Qi family along the coast moved to Taiwan Province Province and other countries in South Asia. Today, the surname Qi is widely distributed in China, especially in Jiangsu, accounting for about 44% of the Han population in China.
In the process of long-term spread and migration, the following counties were formed by the county name and Qi: 1, Taiyuan County was established in Qin Dynasty, which ruled Jinyang (now Taiyuan, Shanxi), and its jurisdiction was equivalent to the area south of Guancen Mountain and north of Huoshan Mountain in Wutai Mountain, Shanxi Province; 2. Fufeng County, located in Li Huai (now southeast of Xingping City, Shaanxi Province), is located in linyou county City, Shaanxi Province, west of Ganxian County and north of Qinling Mountains. Moved to Chiyang (now northwest of Jingyang, Shaanxi Province), and moved to governing territory in the Northern Wei Dynasty (now east of Ganxian County, Shaanxi Province).
Hall number: Taiyuan and Liansheng.
Clan characteristics 1, Qi family originated in the north, which means grand, and the contemporary Qi family is also quite grand. 2. The source of Qi surname is complicated. According to "Fu Shan Quanshu Spring and Autumn Tales of Celebrities", "Qi Ju: Promise for Ten Years". In winter, Gu killed Qi Ju. Note: Dr. Jin. " The tenth year of Nuo was in 650 BC, and the notes were recognized by Fu Shan, indicating that Qi Ju was a doctor of the State of Jin, nearly a hundred years earlier than Qi, which also made a good footnote for the complicated origin of Qi, but unfortunately his lineage has not been handed down.
Wu Qi, the essence of celebrities: Spring and Autumn People, Doctor of Jin State. Qi's son. The Duke of Jin mourned for four years (the first 570 years) and made his father a lieutenant. On one occasion, Jin Pinggong led an army to Quwo to chase Luan Ying. Qi Ying: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Wuzi was a native of Jin State and worked as a doctor in Jin Qinggong. Qi Sheng, the home minister, and Wu Zangyi's wife were fornicated and should be arrested. Qi Sheng bribed Yu Xun to intercede with Jin Hou and framed Qi Ying, who was killed by Jin Hou. Qi Xian: A native of Hedong, an alchemist in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Mao admired him and worshipped him as a doctor, and was soon dismissed. Qi Shunzhi: Fufeng (now Ganxian County, Shaanxi Province) was a minister in the Tang Dynasty. When Xuanzong was Zuo Si, he was the foreign minister. Tianbao five years, as a foreign minister of the Ministry of Punishment, was called to Beihai to slay the satrap Li Yong. In six years, he wrote "Fu on Opening Beams and Weirs". Su Zonggan Yuan two years, compiled "Southern Dynasties Training". Xu Qi: Jiangnan Trainer, painter of Song Dynasty. He painted flowers, bamboo feathers, buffaloes and cats. Qi Zai: Jianghuai people, Song Jin famous doctor. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, officials were supplemented by medical skills. Nomads from the border city, captured, and then into the hospital. I have worked as a doctor and a doctor in the tired recruitment. Later, he was killed for opposing the attack on Song. Qi Shun: A native of Dongguan, Guangdong Province, was named He Zhi and Xun Chuan, a minister of the Ming Dynasty. Tianshun Jinshi, director of the Ministry of War, entered the doctor. Tired of officials going to Jiangxi to do deployment. There are Shi Qian Fu Zhi and Xun Jichuan. Qi Yi: A native of Dongguan, Guangdong Province, an official of the Ming Dynasty. Zheng dejin, director of the punishment department. Later, he served as a doctor of punishments, and was famous for being good at solving doubts and prisons. People call him the Qi Buddha. He was released as the magistrate of Raozhou. Qihe: A native of Anyi, Shanxi, an official of the Ming Dynasty. During Zheng De's reign, he was a scholar, and he was tired of being an official in Shandong. Jiajing suppressed the people who rebelled against the government in Qingyang Mountain, Shanxi Province, and was particularly affected by the festival. Qi Yunshi: A native of Shouyang, Shanxi, was an official and geographer in the Qing Dynasty. Dry dragon Jinshi, tired officer to the middle of Lang. Later, he was involved in prison and exiled to Yili, Xinjiang. In the 16th year of Jiaqing, he was employed as a lecturer at Sanshan College in Lanzhou. Familiar with Manchu, eager to study the territory of northwest mountains and rivers and the history of various tribes. There are Biography of Mongolian Princes Returning to the Ministry, A Brief History of President Ili, and A Brief History of the Ministry of Governors. Qi Tugong: a native of Gaoping, Shanxi Province, was a minister in the Qing Dynasty. In the first year of Jiaqing, he was a scholar. He has served as a doctor of punishments, a provincial judge in Zhejiang, an official in Guizhou, a governor in Guangxi, and an official in punishments. He was the governor of Guangdong when he died. Qi Cuizao: Shouyang, Shanxi, minister of the Qing Dynasty. Jiaqing Jinshi He used to be the minister of war, the minister of civil affairs and the minister of military aircraft. At the beginning of Tongzhi, he was a college student, and he was a minister of rites (both prime ministers). He advocates simple learning, likes ci and is good at calligraphy. There are Ma Shou Nong Yan and Notes on Diligence. His younger brother Qi Suzao, a scholar in Daoguang period, once sent envoys to Hunan and Jiangning. His son, Qi Shichang, is also a scholar. He is the official minister of the Ministry of Industry and the magistrate of Shuntian. He is the author of "The Essentials of Hanlin Calligraphy" and "The Chronicle of Qi Wenrui Gong". Qi Huan: A native of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, was a painter in Qing Dynasty. He was good at painting and became a family in his later years, which was quite interesting to him. I like to collect Ding Yi's ancient books, especially those from Gu Yan. And "28 Yan Zhai Ji". Qi: Born in Shanghai (now Shanghai), Jiangsu Province, he was an official in the Qing Dynasty. Official to magistrate. In Guangdong 17, I was in charge of westernization and was familiar with it. During the Tongzhi period, the first batch of overseas students from China were escorted to the United States.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, one day Duke Jinping of Jinping asked the doctor Qi Huangyang, "Nanyang lacks a county magistrate. Who do you think can take it? " Qi Huangyang replied: "It is ok to solve the fox." Jin Pinggong was surprised and asked, "Isn't Xie Hu your enemy? Why did you recommend him? " Qi Huangyang replied, "The monarch asked who can be the magistrate of Nanyang County, but he didn't ask who is my enemy." So Xie Hu was appointed as Nanyang county magistrate. Jin people all praised them.
Qi Huangyang was a doctor under Duke Jinping in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Confucius' evaluation of Qi Huangyang's theory is that "external promotion does not avoid hatred, internal promotion does not avoid children".
After a while, Jin Pinggong said to Qi Huangyang, "Now the country is short of a junior officer. Who do you think can take this office? " Qi Huangyang recommended his son Wu Qi without hesitation. Jin Pinggong was surprised and said, "Isn't Wuqi your son?" Qi Huangyang calmly replied: "The monarch asked me who could be the captain of the country, but you didn't ask who my son was." Jin Pinggong nodded again and again and said, "Good!" So he appointed Wuqi as Zhong Jun's lieutenant. Later, he recommended the mutton tongue buffet. Jin people all praised them.
Later, Confucius listened and said, "Qi Huangyang speaks very well! You can't avoid revenge if you raise it outside, and you can't avoid children if you raise it inside. Qi Huangyang can be said to be a fair and selfless person! "
During the Spring and Autumn Period, a doctor named Gong Yixiu was elected as the prime minister of Lu because of his excellent moral character and brilliant talent.
Gong Yixiu likes to eat fish. When someone offered him fish, he refused. The fish delivery man said, "I heard that you like fish. Why not take my fish? " Gong Yixiu said, "Because I like fish, I can't accept your fish! Now that I am the prime minister, I can afford to eat fish by myself. If I am removed from the post of prime minister because I accepted the fish you sent me, I can't afford to eat fish myself from now on. Will you send me fish again? In this way, can I eat fish again? Therefore, I can never accept the fish you sent me. "
The story of Guan Hugh's addiction to fish tells a very real little truth: taking bribes means losing your official position. After losing your official position, of course, people won't give you any more bribes. However, because you lost your salary, your hobby can't be realized. Therefore, taking bribes is not cost-effective. Gong Yixiu was born in Doctor Lu, who may be a Confucian scholar. What Gong Yixiu said here is different from those Confucianism who started from a high starting point. But ... the little truth here is very real, and everyone can calculate an account. Now those corrupt officials who are locked up in prison used to be officials with status. Their original salary could have enjoyed a better life. Now, if they want to enjoy their wages freely, can they?
Confucianism is a school with a high starting point. Confucius's "the ambition of a scholar lies in the Tao" and Mencius's gentleman spirit have cultivated countless people with lofty ideals in the history of China and created a large number of great figures called "the backbone of China" by Mr. Lu Xun. This is a 25-year history, which has been presented to us with conclusive historical facts, and no one can deny it. But we should also see that people are always hierarchical, and officials are no exception. There are low-starting anti-corruption theories and stories aimed at ordinary officials in Confucianism, which shows that the Confucian anti-corruption theory is pragmatic and multi-level. Because Confucianism is a theory of practical application, all theories of practical application must be aimed at ordinary people in addition to cultivating advanced molecules, in order to be complete and practical. This is what we should learn from Confucianism today.
In fact, not only the idea of clean government, but also ordinary moral education should not only consider advanced elements, but should pay more attention to ordinary people. Because the advanced elements are often a minority, if moral education is only aimed at the advanced elements and the principles of educating the advanced elements are applied to ordinary people, such education will become a mere formality and irrelevant. The multi-level of Confucian moral education for clean government is closely related to the multi-level of Confucian general moral education. This may be a topic worthy of moral education.
After Gong Yixiu served as Lu Xiang, it was stipulated that all officials in Lu State should not run industries or compete with the people for profits. He believes that officials have benefited greatly, and the people have gained some small profits by helping farmers, working and doing business, but those who have suffered greatly are not allowed to gain small profits. Therefore, officials cannot do business at the same time.
Public sacrifice Hugh himself is also practicing. The winter sunflower vegetables grown in his garden were delicious, so he pulled them all out. His wife used her own weaving, so he burned the loom and told her to go back to her mother's house. He said, "If all our officials are engaged in industry, who shall we sell the products produced by women workers and peasants to?"
This story is completely different from the above-mentioned story of Gong Yixiu's addiction to fish. Gong Yixiu's fish-loving story tells a very pragmatic truth. And this story, the tone is very high, so high that it can almost be said that it is right and wrong. Well-planted winter sunflower vegetables should be pulled out, and if his wife knits them, she will knit a divorced wife. All this is to adhere to the principle that officials do not run industries. In other words, eating your own vegetables and wearing your own clothes will contradict the theory that an official cannot run an industry at the same time. Therefore, once a person is an official, he must resolutely pull out sunflowers to weave, even if it is unreasonable!
This story has never been seen in pre-Qin classics. At present, the earliest book we can see to record this story is Sima Qian's Historical Records. However, in Han Shu Dong Zhongshu's Biography, Dong Zhongshu's response to the question of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty is commonly known as "Three Strategies for Heaven and Man" (the short imperial edict of the emperor is called "Strategy", and the liegeman writes to answer the questions raised in the imperial edict, which is called "Strategy"), and we see the same content. Sima Qian is a student of Dong Zhongshu. So, after analysis, Sima Qian wrote in Historical Records? The story described in Biography of Officials should be heard from the teacher Dong Zhongshu. This situation may help us understand why there are some inhuman connotations in this story. In fact, it is a historical material preserved by Confucian scholars who studied ram studies under Dong Zhongshu in the Spring and Autumn Period and passed down from generation to generation. Word-of-mouth things are often less stable than words. In word of mouth, it is often processed consciously or unconsciously, which is a bit like folk stories. However, the historical materials handed down by scholars are somewhat different from folk stories. Folk stories often enhance their artistry and storytelling through word-of-mouth, while historical materials passed on by word-of-mouth among scholars often emphasize a certain aspect of their ideological connotation, and change the story plot to make it close to fable.
So, what kind of thought does Gong Yixiu emphasize in this inhuman move? This is the idea that officials should not run industries at the same time. This is an extremely important point in the Confucian official code. By clarifying this background, we can further observe how Dong Zhongshu played this theory when answering the policy questions of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. We now translate this view in Dong Zhongshu's Countermeasures into vernacular Chinese:
"God is measured! Beasts with teeth no longer have horns, and birds with wings only have two feet. This is the principle that people who suffer big losses should not suffer small losses! "
"In ancient times, people who were officials did not use force (referring to agro-industry) and did not run enterprises. This is also because people who are greatly affected are not allowed to take small things, and so are those who agree with Heaven. If you suffer a lot and take a little more, God can't do it, let alone people! This is why people often complain and sigh! How can people who are pampered, in high positions, well-fed and rich in resources compete with these bureaucrats? So a bunch of bureaucrats, all their handmaiden, many of them.
Cattle and sheep are rich in fields and houses. They enrich their industries, accumulate their wealth, and pursue this rich asset endlessly, so as to urge the people that their lives are getting worse and poorer. The rich are extravagant and envious, the poor are poor and anxious, and the poor are anxious. People will not be happy without helping them. People are unhappy and are not afraid of death. How can they not commit a crime? This is the truth that the heavier the punishment, the more uncontrollable the evil! "
"Therefore, people who receive wages should only live on wages, and should not compete with the people for other industries, and then the interests can be evenly distributed, and the people can only support their families. This is a natural principle, the ancient way. The emperor should follow this principle as a system, and doctors should also use this principle to guide their actions. Therefore, Lu Xiang, a courtier, was furious when he saw his wife weaving. When he ate winter sunflower, he pulled out her sunflower and said,' I've got my salary, so why should I rob the peasant woman again?' In ancient times, sages and gentlemen in official positions all did this, so the following people admired their virtue and naturally listened to their teachings. Influenced by its clean and honest government style, the people are naturally not greedy. ..... From this point of view, the son of heaven and the doctor are people who are watched and imitated by the people, who are watching from all directions in the distance! How can we compete with the people for profits in the way of saints? Moreover, those who are eager for success and often afraid of shortage are the people's thoughts; Eager to seek justice, often afraid of not educating the people, this is the idea that officials should have! "
"The Book of Changes said,' If you take a negative number and multiply it, you will be defeated.' Taking a bus is a gentleman (official); It is Shu Ren's (people's) business to shoulder the heavy burden. Be a gentleman and travel to Shu Ren, and disaster will come! If you are a gentleman and want to be a gentleman's journey, there is no other way but to learn from public servants! "This passage, make it clear enough. It is dangerous for any society that officials compete with the people for profits, and the rich get richer and the poor get poorer, forming and accelerating polarization.
This is the profound way of governing the country contained in such a seemingly unreasonable fable woven by public servant Hugh Baqui. It is precisely because of this that our party prohibits officials from doing business in enterprises, and recently introduced measures to prohibit officials from taking part-time jobs and getting paid part-time jobs in enterprises. All these, except the need to combat corruption, are the ways to govern the country and prevent the competition between the government and the people from causing social polarization.