Maybe some people will think of psychoanalysis, some people will think of cognitive behavior, and some people will think of humanism. This is the theory of psychological counseling, the three mainstream schools of psychological counseling theory. They are a part of psychological counseling, which belongs to inclusion relationship. Psychological counseling includes but is not limited to these three theories.
Psychological counseling itself is also a technology, and there are some specific operating methods. Including attitude, participatory technology and influence technology. These are the skills of psychological counseling. What are their roles?
The role of attitude is to establish the relationship between counseling and visitors, so that visitors can trust you and be willing to tell you about him.
Participatory technology is the core of in-depth problems.
Influencing technology is to effectively influence visitors.
The attitudes of psychological counseling are: * * affection, sincerity and active concern. There are two more in our textbooks: respect and enthusiasm. Attitude is very important, which is almost the whole of human consultation.
For example, if your child comes back, you see that the child is unhappy. Do you want to ask him what happened? He may not want to tell you at this time, and then what will you do?
Maybe you will say that I am a parent. If I let him talk, he will. If he doesn't talk, I'll hit him. If you have this attitude, you will fall into a communication trap. If the child doesn't want to tell you, he may resist you. If you scold him severely or something, he may become silent. This is a terrible thing.
The reasonable way is to take the initiative to pay attention with affection, sincerity, concern and these attitudes to establish a better relationship. So that he can tell you what happened slowly.
This attitude allows you to establish contact with your children. If it is not easy for you to establish contact with your children at ordinary times, I suggest you look at these counseling attitudes and reflect on your own attitude.
What is the role of participatory technology? Its purpose is to help you go deep into the hearts of visitors. The visitor came with questions. During our consultation, we found that the questions told by the visitor and his consultation requirements were often not his real problems in the end. We should guide the visitor to his heart step by step and see what is the root of his problem. This is the purpose of participatory technology.
Continue to use the above example.
He won't tell you until he has established a good relationship with his child. Next, we should use participatory technology to ask him step by step what happened and what made him unhappy.
Participatory techniques include asking your child what happened, where he is, who he is dissatisfied with, and so on. This series of questions leads the child to tell you his inner problems comprehensively and deeply, which is the role of participating in technology.
Another influential technology is to help you change visitors.
If you want to influence and change the visitor after determining his problem, then you should use the influence technology.
Or take this child as an example. Suppose you have a good attitude and he is willing to tell you, then your participatory technology is in place and you have asked for enough information. It's time for you to change.
At this time, if you say yes, this matter will be over, and you should do what you want. Tell him this truth. Hmm! He won't change such a high probability event. Is what we often say, we all understand, but we won't change.
At this time, we will think of using impact technology. The function of influencing technology is to influence the visitor and make him change from the inside out.
Or this one just now, for example. After you find his problem, you have to go through a series of influential skills: content expression, emotional expression, quality, explanation and so on. Let him know what is the root of his problem. Then there is a problem in which place and which link. Then let him realize what to change and how to change it, so that he can really change.
We are the same in psychological counseling. Only when we use this series of influence skills to make visitors change spontaneously will this change be effective.
This is the role of consulting attitude, participatory technology and influence technology.
Now talk about the elements and structure of psychological counseling. The elements of psychological counseling include visitors, counselors and problems brought by visitors. If we don't use some tools, but just talk as this kind of consultation, then this is the basic element.
Then there is a structure below, which refers to the consulting structure.
The structure of negotiation includes:
The consultation begins,
Contact problems,
Solve the problem,
end
A * * * four parts.
The first is to establish a consultation visit relationship. Mainly consulting attitude: * * affection, active concern and sincerity. Build relationships with visitors. This stage is very important for consultation.
The next second module is the contact problem. The contact problem is that the visitor speaks his own problem. For example, he said he was upset, or he was anxious, and so on. Then you will ask him why he is upset, why he is anxious and so on. This leads to a series of problems, and at this time we need to use participatory technology.
Participatory technology guides visitors, gradually turns his questions from abstract to concrete, from superficial to in-depth, and finally finds the core of his questions. This part is called the contact problem stage.
The next step is to solve the problem. That is, we collected a large number of visitors' information, and then combined with his consultation demands, we thought that after collecting enough information, we began to influence and change visitors. This is the stage where we have to solve the problem.
After this stage, it is over. Including a summary with the visitor, or you give him some homework and so on.
This is the four-knot structure of consultation. It can also be said that it is four modules. Different people will have different understandings of this module. We divide it into four parts, so that when introducing psychological counseling technology, we will talk about it accordingly.
For example, in this second contact problem stage, it is mainly to understand the problems of visitors, and more to use participatory technology. Then in the problem-solving stage, to influence and change visitors, then the influence technology is used.
Of course, some students may say that these two stages are completely separated? Not so completely separated, it will alternate. Here is just for the convenience of telling, and it is simply divided into four modules. Then we also try to simplify the problem. It is easy for everyone to understand that all participatory technologies are used in the contact problem stage, and then all influential technologies are used in the problem solving stage.
Here's what psychological counseling is for. Psychological counseling, if this is the way to talk to visitors, does not need the help of sand table or housekeeper. So what is the essence of our conversation? What are we doing? We can use two metaphors to illustrate this point.
First of all, we investigate cases like police.
Why do you say that? Because the clues provided by the visitor, including what she told and expressed, and the external performance we observed from the visitor, are all clues. According to these clues, judge and evaluate the root causes of visitors' problems.
Then we have to explore whether this is the problem. Is his root cause the same as our assessment? Here's a problem. We will use some theories when we explore the root causes of visitors' problems. Different theories, we explore in different directions, for example, you use fine points, cognition and people-oriented, and ask questions in different directions.
Finally, the counselor will conceptualize a case in his mind, not to say it, but to understand it in his heart.
What is case conceptualization? It is to organize the performance of visitors and the root of visitors' problems with the theory you just used in the stage of exploring problems. If they can form a logical relationship, then you can say that you have conceptualized a case.
Case conceptualization is the end of a part, and it is a stage for us to contact the problem. That is, you evaluate a direction, and then you ask a lot of questions at this stage of contact with questions. Using these participatory skills, you can get a lot of information, and then you can make a summary. This is case conceptualization.
This is what I'm talking about. At this stage, I investigate the case like a policeman.
So our next step is:
Second, educate people like teachers,
What is educating people like a teacher? That is, when we want to influence and change visitors, if we change them directly, as we said in the example, you just say: What should you do? This high probability event will not succeed.
Most people are not so obedient. If you do as you say, things will not go as you wish. So do tourists. Just tell him that there is a better way to replace your current method, and he may not use it.
How is that possible? Is to educate people like teachers.
You must teach him. Let him know from the inside out what is wrong with him and how to change it. It also involves that you have different theories. If you use it in detail, you may use the subconscious. If cognitive behavioral therapy is used, it may correct their bad cognition. If we put people first, we should cultivate his self-development, and let him judge his true self with his physical wisdom and do everything right.
This is what we said in psychological counseling. In fact, you have to do these tasks:
One, like a policeman, follows the visitor and judges the root of the problem according to the clues he provides.
The second example is that teachers should educate people, teach visitors with different theories through these different theories, then let him know the crux of the problem, and then let him realize how to change.
Well, that's what we're going to talk about today.
Looking back, what we want to explain today is:
The first psychological consultation itself is also a kind of technology. He has his own specific skills, including attitude, participatory technology, influence technology and so on. We didn't talk about the specific details today, and we will tell you later.
Attitude includes affection, sincerity and positive concern. We still have respect and enthusiasm in our textbooks.
Participatory technology includes concretization, content reflection, emotional response, questioning and so on.
Influential technology, including aspects, explanations, content expression, emotional expression and so on.
Secondly, we explained that the elements of psychological counseling are visitors, counselors and questions. Then there are four structural modules of psychological counseling: initial stage, contact stage, problem-solving stage, and then the final stage.
The third thing we share is, what are we doing in psychological counseling? The job of a consultant is to explore cases like a policeman and educate people like a teacher.
Well, that's what we're going to talk about today. I will continue to share the skills of psychological counseling, including some later skills. If you are interested and think what we said is reasonable, please subscribe to our column. Ok, thank you.