The largest port in Japan: Kobe Port
Kobe Port is located on the west bank of the Luwuchuan estuary in Hyogo Prefecture, south of Honshu, Japan, near the northwest side of Osaka Bay. It is the largest container port in Japan and one of the top ten container ports in the world. Kobe has been an important transportation hub in Japan since ancient times, with modern roads, railways and aviation. It is not only a major international trade center, but also one of the largest industrial centers in Japan. Now it is one of the cores of Hanshin Industrial Zone. The main industries are transportation machinery, steel, rubber, motor and food, accounting for more than half of the city's total industrial output value, followed by chemical industry, general machinery and tobacco industry. The port is about 1 hour drive from the international airport.
During the Meiji period, the policy of Qiang Bing, a rich Japanese country, led to the formation of Hanshin Industrial Zone near Kobe Port. After the Sino-Japanese War, Kobe became the largest port in East Asia. After the Pacific War, Kobe Port was taken over by the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Allied Forces (GHQ), and the occupation was lifted in 195 1 year. However, it was actually affected by the Korean War, and it was not until 1974 that the US military returned the sixth breakwater of Xingang.
As the largest port in East Asia, Kobe Port has not wavered since the war and played an important role in Japan's rapid economic growth after the war. Kobe Port was badly hit by the Hanshin Earthquake in 1995, but its function was restored in 1997 two years later, and a declaration on the revival of Kobe Port was issued on May 19 of the same year. In 2004, the container throughput of Kobe Port only reached 80% before the Hanshin earthquake.
Kobe Port is close to the city center and the rich and green Liu Jia Mountains, which has been talked about by people all over the world. The coastline of Kobe Port near the city center, Kobe airport and railway station has now become a bustling city where citizens and tourists gather. Make full use of these advantages to develop passenger ship operation. In 2007, the number of passenger ships in Kobe Port reached 100. The passenger ship berthed in a place where the citizens coming to Hong Kong can see it, which triggered the charm of Kobe Port. It can be seen that passenger ships are indispensable in Kobe Port.
The second largest port in Japan: Yokohama Port
Yokohama Port is located on the east coast of Kanagawa Prefecture in the southeast of Honshu, Japan, adjacent to Tokyo Bay in the east and Kawasaki Port in the north. It is the second largest port in Japan, one of the world's 100 million-ton ports and one of the world's top ten container ports.
Yokohama Port near Tokyo has a unique geographical location, but its highly developed transportation network is also an important factor for its development. With Yokohama Port in the west of Tokyo Bay as the center, the rapid traffic arteries radiating to the south, west and north include Tokyo expressway, Central Automatic Lane, Guan Yue Automatic Lane, Northeast Automatic Lane, Long-disk Automatic Lane, Tokyo Bay Surrounding Sea Passage, East Kanto Automatic Lane and so on, as well as the central connecting automatic lane and North Kanto Automatic Lane around Tokyo. Such a developed and smooth transportation network is also rare in the world. In particular, National Highway 357, which was completed in 2003, connects all three container terminals in Yokohama Port (Nanbenmu, Benmu and Dahei) and other important multi-purpose terminals at the foot of the mountain.
The primary goal of Yokohama Port in 2 1 century is to provide high-quality service and greatly reduce the operating cost of the port terminal. There are four specific objectives: first, to provide customers at home and abroad with uninterrupted service for 365 days and 24 hours, and to reduce the port and dock fees paid by customers; The second is to ensure the efficient operation and management of port terminals and the wide application of electronic information technology, and simplify and speed up port logistics and customs clearance procedures; Third, while giving full play to the national power and administrative power, we should actively mobilize the enthusiasm of private capital and give full play to the great role of private enterprises; The fourth is to reduce the fees of ports and docks again, and further encourage domestic and foreign liner companies to cooperate with Yokohama Port. At the same time, continue to strengthen the function of Yokohama Port as an international hub port, further build a modern deep-water container terminal, improve and upgrade the integration of waterway, railway and highway transportation, and develop three-dimensional transportation, which will continue to promote the continuous improvement and improvement of Yokohama Port in economy, culture, environmental sanitation and ecology.
Yokohama Port was rebuilt and expanded many times after World War II. The water area of the port area is 7339 hectares, and the wharf coastline is 40 kilometers, of which the water depth is more than 9 meters, exceeding 17 kilometers. The total area of the port area is 28 13 hectares, including industrial port area 1708 hectares and commercial port area 983 hectares. There are 0/0 wharf/KLOC-0 and 245 large, medium and small berths, including 0/20 oil tankers/KLOC-0, with a maximum water depth of 23 meters and a reliable throughput of 200,000 tons. The annual throughput is about1.200 million tons, and the main export goods are steel, ships, vehicles, chemical products, machinery and equipment, canned food and textiles. The main imported commodities are crude oil, coal, fiber products, ores, food and machinery.
General classification of ports
(1) basic port:
This is a port where liner companies usually call at regular intervals. Most of them are large ports located in the center, with good port equipment and stable goods. If it is stipulated as the basic port, the cargo volume will no longer be limited. Generally, the goods delivered to the basic ports are directly transported without transshipment. But sometimes, because the cargo volume is too small, the ship decides to transship midway, and the ship will make its own arrangements and bear the transshipment expenses. Collect freight from the shipper according to the basic port freight rate, and no transshipment surcharge or direct surcharge is allowed. And shall issue a direct bill of lading.
(2) Non-basic ports:
All ports except basic ports are called non-basic ports. Non-base ports generally charge transshipment surcharges in addition to the basic port fees. When a certain amount is reached, it will be changed to direct surcharge. For example, Honiara on the New Guinea route is the basic port of Solomon Islands. Kita port is a non-basic port. A transshipment surcharge of $43.00/ft will be added to the freight of goods shipped to Quetta Port on the basis of Huna freight.
Classification by purpose
Ports are divided into commercial ports, military ports, fishing ports, industrial ports and safe havens.
Classification by location
According to the location, it can be divided into coastal ports, estuary ports and inland river ports, which are collectively called seaports.
(1) Hekou Port
Located at the estuary of the river or the estuary affected by the tide, it can serve both seagoing ships and river ships. Generally, there are big cities as the support, and the land and water transportation is convenient. Inland waterways often go deep into the vast economic hinterland of the mainland and bear a large amount of cargo flow. Therefore, many big ports in the world are built near the estuary, such as Rotterdam, London, new york, Leningrad and Shanghai. The characteristic of Hekou Port is that the wharf facilities are arranged along the river bank, not far from the sea, and there is no need to build breakwater. If the coastline is not long enough, you can dig more harbors.
(2) Harbour
Located on the coast, bay or lagoon, some of which are built in deep water far from the coast. Ports located on the offshore coast or in bays with insufficient natural protection usually need to build breakwaters of considerable scale, such as Dalian Port, Qingdao Port, Lianyungang Port, Keelung Port and Genoa Port in Italy. Single-point or multi-point mooring wharves and island wharves for giant oil tankers or ore carriers belong to undefended offshore seaports, such as Braga Port in Libya and Sidon Port in Lebanon. The lagoon is completely or partially separated by natural sand mouths. After digging canals or widening and deepening waterways, ports can be built on the banks of lagoons, such as Beihai Port in Guangxi. There are also large seaports completely covered by nature, such as Tokyo Port, Hong Kong Port and Sydney Port in Australia.
(3) River ports
Ports located on natural rivers or artificial canals include lakes and reservoirs. Lake port and reservoir port are wide in water surface and sometimes stormy, so they have many similarities with seaports, such as the need to build breakwaters. Ports on large reservoirs such as kuibyshev and Zimryansk in the Soviet Union and small ports on Hongze Lake in China all belong to this category.
function
Ports have always played an important role in a country's economic development. Transportation connects the whole world, and the port is an important part of transportation. Developed countries in the world generally have their own coastlines and ports with relatively perfect functions. The function of the port can be summarized as the following four aspects:
1, logistics service function. Ports should first provide comprehensive logistics services such as transit, loading and unloading, warehousing, etc. for ships, automobiles, trains, airplanes, goods and containers, especially improving multimodal transport and logistics services in distribution and processing.
2. Information service function. Modern ports should not only provide users with market decision-making information and consultation, but also build a value-added service network of electronic data interchange (EDI) system to provide customers with logistics services such as order management and supply chain control.
3. Commercial function. The existence of ports is not only the premise of commodity exchange and domestic and foreign trade, but also promotes their development. Modern ports should provide users with convenient transportation, commercial and financial services, such as agency, insurance, financing, freight forwarding, shipping agency and customs clearance.
4. Industrial function. The establishment of modern logistics needs a platform with the function of integrating productivity factors. As the connection point between the domestic market and the international market, the port has realized the all-round circulation from the traditional cargo flow to the people flow, the cargo flow, the business flow, the capital flow, the technology flow and the information flow, and is the gathering point of goods, capital, technology, talents and information.
Guess you like:
1.20 17 ranking of the largest ports in the world
2. Which is the largest port in the world?
3. Which port has the largest throughput in the world?
4. What is the largest port in China?
5. The port with the largest throughput in the world