The artificial lake is a water area dug artificially on the lowlands, and its coastal areas have their own natural landscapes, such as Huxian Lake in Shenzhen, Ming Tombs Reservoir in Beijing and some artificial large water surfaces in modern parks. The lake is characterized by a wide and calm water surface and a sense of openness. In addition, lakes often have a certain depth, which is beneficial to aquatic products and has a good coastline and surrounding skyline. "Blue waves and white sails floating" is a characteristic description of the lake. 1. Layout essentials (1) Make full use of the waterscape characteristics of the lake. Whether it is a natural lake or an artificial lake, most of them are accompanied by mountains and rivers and the coastline is tortuous. (2) The treatment of lakeshore should pay attention to the shape of "line", which is concave and convex, and should not be angular, symmetrical, arc or spiral. Garden lakes can't be "unobstructed", so many methods should be used to organize the lake space. Islands, dams, bridges, ships, etc. It can be used to form the spatial division of yin and yang and lake island, so that the lake is rich in hierarchical changes. At the same time, the top of the dike should change randomly, the water level should be high, the water storage should be full, the water surface should be close to the tourists on the shore, and the lake should be full of blue waves, which is easy to produce a cordial feeling. (3) When excavating artificial lakes, the lakes should be arranged skillfully according to the site conditions. The site of the lake should be loam, fine soil and thick soil, and it is not advisable to choose too sticky or permeable soil as the site of the lake. When the permeability is greater than 0.009 m/s, the impervious layer of engineering facilities must be adopted. 2. Key points of construction (1) Determine earthwork quantity according to design drawings, and set out points according to design lines. (2) Investigate the foundation leakage. The annual water loss of a good lake bottom accounts for 5%~ 10% of the water volume, the general lake bottom accounts for 10%~20%, and the poor lake bottom accounts for 20%~40%, so as to formulate construction methods and engineering measures. (3) The lake bottom should be adapted to local conditions, such as lime soil lake bottom, plastic film lake bottom and concrete lake bottom. Among them, lime soil is suitable for large-scale lakes, and the concrete lake bottom is very small. 3. The water body revetment construction foundation requires a stable and beautiful waterfront for the garden water body, so as to keep a certain area ratio between the land and the water surface and prevent the land from being flooded or the waterfront from collapsing to expand the water surface. Therefore, it is necessary to build bank protection and slope protection on the edge of water body. Otherwise, frost heaving, floating, wind and waves scouring or excessive load will cause collapse, bank wall collapse and water accumulation, lake shoreline displacement and deformation, and water depth reduction. Finally, shallow water or dry gentle slope sedimentary belt will be formed around the water body, which will destroy the original intention of design and even cause accidents. At the same time, revetment, as a waterscape, directly affects the landscape. We must consider practicality, economy and beauty as a whole, and strive to show off rather than screw up.
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