1920s-1930s.
Officially named behavioral science, it was held at the interdisciplinary scientific conference held in Chicago, USA from 65438 to 0949.
Before 1930s, many researches on the management methods of managers were centered on things, ignoring the research on people.
The study of behavioral science originated in the United States in the 1950s.
The original English name of industrial science can be divided into singular and plural, and the behavioral science represented by plural is a broad behavioral science and a discipline group.
Behavioral science in modern management science refers to behavioral science in a narrow sense.
In other words, it refers to the application of psychology, sociology, anthropology and other related disciplines to study the behavior in the management process and the relationship between people.
The emergence of behavioral science is the inevitable result of the development of productive forces and social contradictions to a certain stage, and it is also the inevitable result of the development of management thought.
Behavioral science has its political background, economic background and cultural background.
After Taylor's scientific management theory was established, the development of social economy, politics and culture led to the rise of behavioral science.
The research of behavioral science can be basically divided into two periods.
In the early stage, the three conclusions of interpersonal relationship management (or crowd relationship theory) were the main contents, starting with Mayo's Hawthorne experiment in the 1930s and ending with the first presentation of the concept of behavioral science at the Chicago seminar in 1949.
1953, the Ford foundation of the United States held a meeting attended by scientists from various universities, which was officially named behavioral science. This is the research period of behavioral science.
Today's behavioral science has become a deep-rooted discipline tree, largely thanks to Mayo and his Hawthorne experiment's exploration of human nature.
In fact, before Hawthorne's experiment, some management scientists did some research on human psychology and human behavior and established industrial psychology, which played an important role in promoting the development of management, but it did not become the mainstream of classical management theory at that time.
They are:
1. American management scientist and political philosopher Follette.
1920 published the book "New Country" and was regarded as a political philosopher.
His main works are: New Country, Dynamic Management, Freedom and Cooperation, etc.
Her exposition on the combination of interests and situation laws is consistent with Taylor's spiritual revolution and functional management spirit.
Her arguments about cooperation and interaction are similar to those of Mayo, the founder of human relationship management.
So she linked these two periods and became a transition between them.
2. German-American psychologist Munster Berg is one of the founders of industrial psychology.
He has published books such as Psychology and Industrial Efficiency, General Psychology and Applied Psychology, and Enterprise Psychology.
He was the first psychologist who suggested that psychology could be applied to industry to improve labor productivity, and he was also the first psychologist who determined the scope and methods of industrial psychology.
3.Solil, a Belgian psychologist, is one of the founders of industrial psychology.
His masterpiece is Applied Psychology: A Technical Introduction to Human Factors in Research Work.
He has also published 150 papers, many of which are about human factors in industry.
Solier is one of the pioneers of industrial psychology in Belgium and has made great contributions to the development and dissemination of industrial psychology.
4. Scott, an American psychologist, is one of the founders of industrial psychology.
He is good at studying personnel management and has published books such as Improving People's Efficiency, Theory and Practice of Advertising Psychology, and Personnel Management: Theory, Practice and Viewpoint.
Psychology was first applied to industrial incentives and productivity improvement, and the basic principles of psychology were applied to industrial and commercial management methods, which promoted the development and perfection of management psychology.
5. British psychologist and pioneer of British industrial psychology, Myers.
19 18 published the application of psychology today, 1925 published the British industrial psychology, and 1932 published the rationalization of industrial and commercial enterprises.
He moved psychology from the classroom to the laboratory in the early stage of his career, and from the laboratory to the scenes of offices and factories in the later stage of his career.
6. Australian psychologist, engaged in research work in Australia and Britain, is one of the pioneers of industrial psychology.
His works mainly include Industrial Psychology Report and Can Fatigue be Measured? ","Career Guidance: Literature Review "and so on.
His research with other early industrial psychologists provided some foundations and conditions for further study of human factors in the future.
7. Benjamin Seebohm rowntree, a British entrepreneur and management scientist, has done a lot of research and practice on human factors in enterprises.
His works mainly include Human Factors in Enterprises: An Experiment of Industrial Democracy, Goals of Board of Directors and Enterprises, and Economic Situation in Industry.
8. British management scientist Sheldon.
It emphasizes the homogeneity of people in management and combines human factors with scientific management.
He has published books such as Management Philosophy, Management as a Occupation, and Functions of Management and Organization.
In his management thought, he emphasized the human factor in management and the responsibility to society, the integrity of management and the position of management as an independent profession in society.
Ten basic principles of management philosophy are put forward.
9. American entrepreneur and management scientist Henry Denison has made great contributions in paying attention to human factors and promoting scientific management. He has published books such as Employee's Profit Sharing and Equity, Organizational Engineering, Modern Competition and Enterprise Policy.
10. Clark, an American management scientist and consultant, has made contributions to caring about the working conditions of people and workers and popularizing Gantt Chart.
His works mainly include foreman technology, Gantt chart, production manual and so on.
His Gantt Chart was translated and published in 14 countries.
He won the Gantt Medal and other honorary titles.
In addition, in the early research of behavioral science, Gunter, Hartness, Bloomfield, Ted, babcock, hopf and lewison are more influential.
Behavioral science and management science have become two pillars of the development of modern management science and an important management school.
Since the late 1960s, various theories have infiltrated and merged with each other, and people have gradually regarded enterprises as a pluralistic system of technology, society and psychology.
Behavioral science is the product of historical progress.
Historically, behavioral science is a school of modern western management science. Compared with Taylor system, this is an improvement rather than a retrogression. Taylor system is a "scientific management" system that appeared before the First World War.
After the working class's consciousness was improved, capitalists were exploited by organized methods such as * * * and destruction, and Taylor's quota reward and punishment law failed.
Due to the need of production development, many scholars explore more advanced management methods made in Butelle. They carried out various experiments to improve labor productivity, trying to find the decisive factor of labor productivity by changing working conditions.
The results show that human factors are more important than material factors in enterprises. Workers are not "economic people" who only care about economic interests, but "social people" who have feelings and reason. The level of employees' labor productivity largely depends on their working mood influenced by social and psychological factors.
This theory promotes people to study the relationship between people, how to motivate "morale" and how to create a comfortable working environment, and then develops into a behavioral science.
From this perspective, behavioral science is undoubtedly the further development of Taylor system.