E-commerce is a business activity conducted on the computer network platform according to certain standards. When an enterprise directly connects its main business with its employees, customers, suppliers and partners through intranet, extranet and internet, all kinds of activities that occur in it are e-commerce. Let me share with you the basic definition of e-commerce. Welcome to read and browse.
The definition of electronic commerce
With the development of electronic technology and Internet, information technology has been introduced into business activities as a tool, resulting in electronic commerce (EC or EB for short). Generally speaking, e-commerce is a business activity carried out according to certain standards on the platform of computer network (mainly Internet). When an enterprise directly connects its main business with its employees, customers, suppliers and partners through intranet, extranet and internet, all kinds of activities that occur in it are e-commerce.
There are many definitions of e-commerce. The following are some comprehensive definitions summarized by some organizations, governments, companies and academic groups, which are introduced here for your reference:
United Nations Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD):
E-commerce is a commercial transaction that takes place on an open network, including business-to-business and business-to-consumer transactions.
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law:
E-commerce is the function of promoting international trade through electronic data interchange (EDI) and other communication means.
Draft report of the Working Committee on Electronic Commerce of the Global Information Infrastructure Committee (GIIC);
E-commerce is an economic activity by means of electronic communication. In this way, people can publicize, purchase and settle accounts for products and services with economic value. This kind of transaction is not affected by geographical location, the amount of funds or the ownership of retail channels. Public and private enterprises, companies, government organizations, various social groups, ordinary citizens and entrepreneurs can freely participate in a wide range of economic activities, including agriculture, forestry, fisheries, industry, private and government services. E-commerce enables products to be traded all over the world and provides consumers with many choices.
International Organization for Standardization United Nations/ECE Memorandum of Understanding on Electronic Commerce;
E-commerce (EB) is the general name of information content and demand exchange between enterprises and between enterprises and consumers. }
IBM company:
The concept of e-commerce includes three parts:
Intranet (Intranet)
Extranet (extranet)
E-commerce / electronic commerce
It emphasizes the commercial application in the network computing environment, not only the combination of hardware and software, but also the narrow sense of e-commerce in transactions that we usually emphasize, instead, it combines the applications of buyers, sellers, manufacturers and their partners on the Internet, Intranet and Extranet.
It is also emphasized that these three parts are hierarchical. Only by establishing a good internal network, a relatively perfect standard and various information infrastructures can we smoothly expand to the external network and finally to e-commerce.
Hewlett-Packard Company (HP):
Hewlett-Packard put forward the concepts of electronic commerce (EC), electronic commerce (EB), electronic consumption (EC) and electronic world. Its definition of e-commerce is: a way to complete business and trade activities by electronic means. E-commerce enables us to exchange goods and services through electronic transactions, which is the link between merchants and customers. It includes two basic forms: e-commerce between enterprises and e-commerce between enterprises and final consumers.
Definition of e-commerce: a new means of business development. Through the information structure based on the Internet, companies, suppliers, partners and customers can enjoy information through e-commerce. E-commerce can not only effectively enhance the execution of existing business processes, but also respond quickly to dynamic factors such as the market and adjust the current business processes in time. More importantly, e-commerce itself has created more updated business activities for enterprises.
The definition of electronic consumer:
People use information technology for entertainment, study, work, shopping and a series of other activities, which makes the family entertainment more and more from the traditional TV to the Internet.
General electric company:
E-commerce is a commercial transaction conducted by electronic means, which is divided into e-commerce between enterprises and e-commerce between enterprises and consumers. E-commerce between enterprises: With E DI as the core technology, VAN and Internet as the main means, the electronic business process between enterprises is realized, and with the electronic production management system within enterprises, the efficiency of enterprises from production, inventory to circulation (including materials and funds) is improved. E-commerce between enterprises and consumers: With the Internet as the main means of service provision, public consumption, service provision and related payment methods are realized electronically.
U.S. government:
E-commerce is a variety of business activities conducted through the Internet, including advertising, trading, payment, services and other activities. Global e-commerce will involve all countries in the world.
To sum up, we can say that from a macro perspective, e-commerce is another revolution in computer networks, and a new economic order is being established through electronic means, which involves not only electronic technology and commercial transactions themselves, but also other aspects of society such as finance, taxation and education; From the microscopic point of view, e-commerce refers to all kinds of commercial activities carried out by various subjects (production enterprises, commercial enterprises, financial institutions, government agencies, individual consumers, etc.). ) By using the Internet and advanced digital media technology.
Although people haven't got a unified and clear understanding of e-commerce, even e-commerce can be traced back to business activities transmitted in the form of morse code dots and lines. EDI-Electronic Data Interchange developed in 1970s can be regarded as a real e-commerce, but its complexity and non-universality seriously restrict the possibility of its comprehensive promotion. What really makes e-commerce develop rapidly is the revolutionary changes brought by the IT industry's support for the mainstream communication standards and H TML standards of the Internet and e-commerce, which has opened a new era of conducting business activities by electronic means.
Extended reading:
Significance of knowledge management in e-commerce enterprises
1. Overview of knowledge management
Different scholars have different understandings of knowledge management. Gellermo Belez Bustamante believes that knowledge management is an information-based activity that creates implicit or explicit knowledge through organizational learning. Karl Ferrapaul, one of the founders of Delphi Group in the United States, believes that knowledge management is to improve the adaptability and innovation ability of enterprises through knowledge sharing and collective wisdom. The starting point of enterprise knowledge management and production management is to regard knowledge as the most important resource, and to master and utilize knowledge to the maximum extent, which is the key to improve the competitiveness of enterprises. Combined with the reality of our country, the author thinks that knowledge management is knowledge management, that is, management knowledge of valuable information, that is, people's experience, knowledge and ability in enterprises, including knowledge identification, acquisition, decomposition, storage, transmission, enjoyment, value evaluation and protection, as well as capitalization and productization of knowledge, so as to promote the management of a series of processes such as knowledge and enterprise's continuous maturity and growth.
2. The content of knowledge management
All activities related to knowledge inventory, evaluation, supervision, planning, acquisition, learning, circulation, integration, protection and innovation are managed as assets, and all activities that can effectively enhance the value of knowledge assets belong to knowledge management. Further exploration includes seven aspects, including: knowledge innovation management. The mode, conditions and environment of knowledge innovation and the transformation of explicit and tacit knowledge; Knowledge * * * Enjoy management. How to narrow the knowledge gap through knowledge transfer; Knowledge application management. How to adopt a complete set of knowledge management solutions to implement knowledge management projects; Knowledge management incentives. Design a set of performance evaluation system and incentive system to build a system; Knowledge management technology. Discuss the supporting software or tools of knowledge management from the perspective of information technology; Management of knowledge workers. How to coordinate the career planning of knowledge workers with the strategic planning of enterprises, how to make the personal knowledge of knowledge workers become the memory of enterprises, how to recruit and train knowledge workers, etc. Knowledge learning management. How do enterprises keep learning through five practices?
3. The basic objectives of enterprise knowledge management
The goal of knowledge management is, of course, to transfer the right knowledge to the right people at the right time and let them make the best decision. Knowledge management includes: knowledge extraction, which makes the knowledge in the organization visible through tools such as knowledge map, yellow pages and hypertext; Knowledge sharing, developing knowledge-intensive culture by encouraging knowledge sharing; Knowledge distribution, establishing knowledge structure, such as creating space, time and tools to promote interaction and cooperation between people.
If enterprises want to gain competitive advantage in the tide of economic knowledge, they must try knowledge management, and make beneficial explorations in formulating knowledge strategy, reshaping enterprise knowledge culture, realizing knowledge measurement and establishing knowledge managers. In the exploration and practice of knowledge management, enterprises must have a knowledge-centered entity, goal and knowledge sharing value system, and enterprises can manage and integrate knowledge around this system. The greatest influence of knowledge economy on enterprise management lies in three aspects: social and economic environment, competition focus among enterprises and enterprise strategy. In terms of economic environment, first, the foundation has changed. Knowledge economy is based on innovative knowledge and is a typical knowledge-intensive economic form, not a labor-intensive economic form under industrial economy. Secondly, its leading factor is talent, unlike resources and capital in the industrial economy. In the era of knowledge economy, the focus of enterprise competition lies in who can create factual standards that meet people's new needs and guide the trend of the times. For example, Microsoft has gradually developed Microsoft Windows series into a de facto standard system for computer operating systems. In terms of enterprise strategy, the focus of enterprise investment strategy has shifted to personnel training and encouraging innovation, while production and distribution should be tilted towards knowledge products and services. In the competitive strategy, intellectual property rights and various patented technologies have become competitive weapons; In the growth strategy, from relying on economies of scale to promoting the development of enterprises to relying on the creation and appreciation of intangible assets to realize the growth of enterprises.
The goal of enterprise knowledge management is manifested in three aspects: first, enterprises should have strong market insight and adaptability, and the acquisition of this ability must rely on the knowledge accumulation of employees; Second, enterprises should have the ability to acquire all kinds of new knowledge continuously, because the ability to acquire and apply knowledge will become the key factor of enterprise competitiveness; Third, enterprises should have the characteristics of high integration. The whole production and operation activities of an enterprise, from market research, product design and development, manufacturing, marketing management to after-sales service, constitute an inseparable whole.
4. The significance of implementing knowledge management in e-commerce enterprises
The implementation of e-commerce has created conditions for enterprises to implement knowledge management, and at the same time, it has conveyed to enterprises that only through knowledge management can they adapt to the new development requirements. On the one hand, e-commerce greatly enhances the ability of enterprises to acquire and apply knowledge. Enterprises can collect useful information they need through the network, and can spread and exchange knowledge through the network, so that employees' personal knowledge can easily be transformed into "enterprise knowledge" that can be widely enjoyed and properly used within enterprises; On the other hand, e-commerce makes it very important for enterprises to obtain information and knowledge from the market and customers, and to establish a knowledge and information sharing mechanism. Enterprises must closely combine knowledge management with e-commerce in order to seek greater development.
With the help of information technology, knowledge management takes enterprise business process reengineering as a breakthrough and knowledge sharing as the basis to comprehensively manage fragmented business processes, realize information sharing, simplify handover procedures and shorten time. For e-commerce enterprises, knowledge is gradually replacing tangible assets such as monetary capital and labor force and becoming the most critical production factor in enterprise development.
In today's world, faced with the challenges of a series of new waves, such as the globalization of competition and the "low profit" of the market, it is objectively required that e-commerce enterprises must find new ways to better understand customers, markets and competitors, improve the application of technology in products, and improve the value of enterprise intellectual assets. Knowledge management has become the most important solution recognized all over the world. Through knowledge management, enterprises can effectively discover, organize and use knowledge, and enhance their technological innovation, reaction ability, production efficiency and skill quality, and knowledge management will become an important guarantee for their success.
4. 1 is conducive to new product development and business promotion, and is the key to the development of e-commerce enterprises.
Knowledge management promotes technological innovation through the following aspects: ① Experimental function. It can be used to test whether different factors meet the needs of consumers and whether the target market positioning is accurate. , accurately predict sales and manage product inventory more effectively; ② timeliness. Because the analysis and extraction of data are carried out by computer, the required information can be obtained in a short time.
4.2 Accelerate the response ability of e-commerce enterprises
Knowledge management can speed up the response speed of e-commerce enterprises through the following aspects: ① Testing functions. It can be used to judge the responsiveness of different business activities and strategies (such as product promotion and new product release) and identify the effect of implementing different methods; ② Interactive function. Using the knowledge base, we can communicate directly with different customers and provide specific services according to their different requirements. According to the unique situation of personal records in the database, it is convenient for personal communication with customers and has high responsiveness.
4.3 Improve the production efficiency of e-commerce enterprises
The specific manifestations are: ① adaptive function. By analyzing the real-time information in the database, we can choose the right time to carry out marketing activities at any time according to the needs, so as to achieve the expected goals of the activities; 2 intelligence. With the development of artificial intelligence technology, in the production process, the system will provide a reasonable production plan according to the demand database.
4.4 Broaden the channels for e-commerce enterprises to improve employees' professional skills
Modern competition emphasizes the speed of innovation, and effective knowledge management can provide a way to acquire knowledge and improve the leading edge of enterprises in the competition. Specifically, knowledge management has the following functions in this field: ① Selection function. We can learn more about employees through knowledge management, so as to choose effective training and evaluation channels for employees. ② Learning function. One of the goals of knowledge management is to promote the knowledge flow within enterprises. Through knowledge management, employees can quickly improve their business level and knowledge ability.
5 e-commerce enterprise knowledge management.
5. 1 strategic choice of knowledge management in e-commerce enterprises
Enterprises must master two core knowledge management strategies if they want to operate successfully on the Internet and realize their knowledge management.
(1) technology knowledge management. E-commerce system is built on the basis of electronic trading engine, and should be combined with the company's trading process to complete the whole trading process from customer acquisition to freight warehousing, accounting and payment. The perfect combination of the two requires the company's system managers to be familiar with the configuration and functions of various e-commerce technical schemes, master the system structure and operation interface, and integrate them into the enterprise's knowledge warehouse. Therefore, enterprises should create a systematic process to continuously acquire and manage the knowledge of systems and tools needed for e-commerce. More importantly, these systems management knowledge needs to be constantly updated to adapt to the development of enterprise e-commerce.
(2) Knowledge management in the strategic process. For e-commerce enterprises, they should first pursue their own differentiation strategy, instead of imitating each other or traditional enterprises, and must focus on product selection, product design, service, image and other areas that can differentiate enterprises. Some companies have succeeded by creating their own unique ways, and some companies have succeeded by balancing market segments between the Internet and traditional methods.
5.2 e-commerce enterprises to achieve knowledge management approach
(1) Realize knowledge sharing within enterprises. Based on the workflow of making full use of market information, we will further promote the knowledge management within the enterprise and mobilize the enthusiasm of employees. From the simple use of information to the analysis of information, and then to the initiative to generate new information, to ensure the circulation of knowledge within the enterprise, so that enterprises can provide quality services to the market in all directions with a deep understanding of the market as the core.
(2) Improve the utilization rate of external knowledge. This is a process of information integration. By standardizing the collection and use of information from the grass-roots level to the top level of enterprises, the information utilization ability and specialization of all levels of enterprises can be improved.
(3) Strengthen the construction of enterprise knowledge network. Human society is stepping into the era of knowledge economy. A basic view of knowledge economy is that knowledge is developed when people communicate with each other. In order to make full use of the externalities of knowledge use and improve the interactive use of related knowledge by enterprises, enterprises must strengthen the construction of knowledge networks.
(4) Improve the role of individuals in the knowledge management chain. Knowledge is the realization of personal cognitive process, not physical assets. Similarly, knowledge innovation can only occur in the process of people's social interaction, and innovation may occur in all aspects of enterprise management. This requires the establishment of a corporate culture that respects knowledge, talents and encourages knowledge sharing, so that employees can play a central role in the process of knowledge innovation and play their own role in the knowledge management chain.
refer to
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2 Wei Gang. On Human Resource Management in Knowledge Management [J]. Northern Economy and Trade, 200 1(7)
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4 back to Yu. The key to the success or failure of modern enterprise competition: e-commerce and knowledge management [J]. Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities, 2004(5)
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