The founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, a famous politician and military commander. Word season. Pei county (now Jiangsu) people. He once worked in Xianyang (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi). At the end of Qin dynasty, he was appointed director of Sishui Pavilion in Pei County. Send the criminals in this county to Lishan (now southeast of Lintong), release them on the way, and hide themselves in Mang and Dangshan Ze (now northeast of Yongcheng, Henan). In September of the first year of Qin Ershi (the first 209 years), Xiao He elected Pei County as Pei Gong, and gathered three thousand troops. In April of two years, he joined Xiang Liang and won many battles with Xiang Yu. After Xiang Liang's death, Liu Bang was appointed as the marquis of Wu 'an and the party and county magistrate. In September, Chen Sheng and Xiang Liang were ordered to retreat and attack Qin in the west. Only a few thousand people set out from Dangxian, fought for half a year, and the number of soldiers began to exceed 10 thousand. In July of three years, he attacked Vanke City (now Nanyang). After that, he continued to attack and caress, and successfully advanced to Bashang (now southeast of Xi 'an). In October of the first year of Hanwang (206 BC), he entered Xianyang to destroy Qin (see the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty). Make three chapters with the Qin people, divide the troops and control the customs, hoping to be the king of Guanzhong. In December, Xiang Yu led 400,000 soldiers into the customs. Considering the disparity in strength, he compromised and was killed in Hong Men (now northeast of Lintong). Later, Xiang Yu was forced to accept the title of Hanwang. In August, the soldiers returned and retaken Guanzhong. In March of two years, he went to Luoyang (now Luoyang East, Henan Province) to denounce Xiang Yu's murder of Chu Huaiwang and launch the Chu-Han War. In April, it was defeated by Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). Later, he personally led his troops to defend Xingyang (now northeast of Xingyang, Henan Province) and its elevation (now northwest of Xingyang), and fought against Xiang Yu for more than two years, eventually forcing Xiang Yu to form a Gulf alliance. In December of five years, the Chu army marched through the camp (now east of Lu Yi, Henan Province and southeast of Lingbi, Anhui Province) and unified the world. In February, the emperor was located in Dingtao (now northwest of Dingtao, Shandong Province), and established the Han Dynasty. Liu bang complied with the people's hearts and knew people well, so he was able to defeat and fight again and again. He discussed the gains and losses of the Chu-Han War with other generals, and thought that he won mainly by reusing Sean, Han Xin and Xiao He. After seven years as emperor, he made many personal expeditions, and successively put down the rebellions of Yan Zangcha, Chu Ji, Yang Xiahou Chen Yi, Huai Ying Bu, Lu Wan, etc., and divided Han Xin. It is necessary to have good relations with the Huns, appease the separatist forces in South Vietnam, attach importance to farming, stop fighting to support the people, and make the society tend to be stable and develop.
Xiang Yu
232 BC-202 BC, name, word feather. The generation of Xiang is Chu Jiang. Xiang Yu is tall, can carry the tripod and is brilliant. He studied and practiced martial arts under the guidance of his uncle Xiang Liang, and he knew a little about the art of war. Later, he took refuge in Wuzhong with his uncle. In 2 10 BC, the first emperor's military parade was held, and Xiang Yu and his father went to watch it, and made an amazing remark that "it can be replaced". In 209 BC, Guangwu and Chen Sheng led a peasant uprising, and then the Battle of Julu broke out. Xiang Yu's army was brave and invincible. It fought Qin Jun for many times and defeated Qin Jun. Since then, Xiang Yu has gained the position of commander in chief. In 205 BC, Xiang Yu moved to Chen County and was killed in the river. Since then, the princes have gradually turned their backs on each other. Tian Rong first attacked Qi, and Xiang Yu personally led him in counterinsurgency. At the time of Xiang Yu's conquest, Liu Bang started his career and decided to make Sanqin occupy the land of Guanzhong. After that, Liu Bang led five governors to attack Chu. Occupy Pengcheng. Xiang Yu heard the news and sent troops, and the Han army was defeated. After the defeat, Liu bang rallied and United all forces against Xiang Yu, and he was at loggerheads with Xiang Yu. The Chu army gradually lost ground in the military. Liu bang took the opportunity to send someone to lobby Xiang Yu and reached an agreement to divide the world by the gap. At the same time, Xiang Yu released Liu Taigong and Lv Zhi who were captured in the war. In 202 BC, Liu Bang was treacherous and led troops to pursue Xiang Yu, who had returned to the East. Xiang Yu fought back and defeated the Han army. Later, all the governors arrived, and Xiang Yu was trapped alone. They were defeated by Gaixia, and the serenade was over. Han Xin and Peng Yue led troops to kill them. In order to shake Chu's heart, Sean and Han Xin Gong Hanjun sang Chu songs at night, and Xiang Yu heard them. In his panic, he felt that the tide had gone. In the evening, he and his concubine Yu Ji were drinking in the army tent. In the face of beauty and fame, Xiang Yu generously lamented: "Pushing mountains and pushing the world will never stop." What can I do without dying? What can I do if I am worried? "Yu Jihe sang:" There is something about Han soldiers, and songs are everywhere. Your majesty is exhausted, how can a concubine live! "The two people sang repeatedly, and the scene was tragic and tragic, which made them cry and did not dare to look up. That night, Xiang Yu mounted his horse, led more than 800 cavalry to break through the encirclement, galloped south, then crossed the Huaihe River, arrived at Yinling, and got lost. When he fled to Wujiang River, Wujiang Pavilion waited for him by boat, advised Xiang Yu to cross the river urgently, and then became king in Jiangdong, waiting for a comeback. Xiang Yu had no fighting spirit at this time, and blamed the failure on God's will, feeling ashamed to see his elders in Jiangdong. So he gave the horse to the director of Wujiang Pavilion, armed with short soldiers, killed hundreds of Han soldiers alone, and finally committed suicide. After Xiang Yu's death, Liu Bang got five bodies of Xiang Yu presented by Yang and Lu, and was buried in Gucheng.
Liu bang (247 BC-BC 195, 256 BC-BC 195)
Male, deceased, once served as Chairman and CEO of the Board of Directors of Imperial Dahan, Supreme Justice and Commander-in-Chief of the Three Armies. . . . . . .
The founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, a famous politician and military commander. Word season. Pei county (now Jiangsu) people. He once worked in Xianyang (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi). At the end of Qin dynasty, he was appointed director of Sishui Pavilion in Pei County. Send the criminals in this county to Lishan (now southeast of Lintong), release them on the way, and hide themselves in Mang and Dangshan Ze (now northeast of Yongcheng, Henan). In September of the first year of Qin Ershi (the first 209 years), Xiao He elected Pei County as Pei Gong, and gathered three thousand troops. In April of two years, he joined Xiang Liang and won many battles with Xiang Yu. After Xiang Liang's death, Liu Bang was appointed as the marquis of Wu 'an and the party and county magistrate. In September, Chen Sheng and Xiang Liang were ordered to retreat and attack Qin in the west. Only a few thousand people set out from Dangxian, fought for half a year, and the number of soldiers began to exceed 10 thousand. In July of three years, he attacked Vanke City (now Nanyang). After that, he continued to attack and caress, and successfully advanced to Bashang (now southeast of Xi 'an). In October of the first year of Hanwang (206 BC), he entered Xianyang to destroy Qin (see the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty). Make three chapters with the Qin people, divide the troops and control the customs, hoping to be the king of Guanzhong. In December, Xiang Yu led 400,000 soldiers into the customs. Considering the disparity in strength, he compromised and was killed in Hong Men (now northeast of Lintong). Later, Xiang Yu was forced to accept the title of Hanwang. In August, the soldiers returned and retaken Guanzhong. In March of two years, he went to Luoyang (now Luoyang East, Henan Province) to denounce Xiang Yu's murder of Chu Huaiwang and launch the Chu-Han War. In April, it was defeated by Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). Later, he personally led his troops to defend Xingyang (now northeast of Xingyang, Henan Province) and its elevation (now northwest of Xingyang), and fought against Xiang Yu for more than two years, eventually forcing Xiang Yu to form a Gulf alliance. In December of five years, the Chu army marched through the camp (now east of Lu Yi, Henan Province and southeast of Lingbi, Anhui Province) and unified the world. In February, the emperor was located in Dingtao (now northwest of Dingtao, Shandong Province), and established the Han Dynasty. Liu bang complied with the people's hearts and knew people well, so he was able to defeat and fight again and again. He discussed the gains and losses of the Chu-Han War with other generals, and thought that he won mainly by reusing Sean, Han Xin and Xiao He. After seven years as emperor, he made many personal expeditions, and successively put down the rebellions of Yan Zangcha, Chu Ji, Yang Xiahou Chen Yi, Huai Ying Bu, Lu Wan, etc., and divided Han Xin. It is necessary to have good relations with the Huns, appease the separatist forces in South Vietnam, attach importance to farming, stop fighting to support the people, and make the society tend to be stable and develop.
Xiang Yu
Male, deceased, cause of death: sharp instrument injury.
232 BC-202 BC, name, word feather. The generation of Xiang is Chu Jiang. Xiang Yu is tall, can carry the tripod and is brilliant. He studied and practiced martial arts under the guidance of his uncle Xiang Liang, and he knew a little about the art of war. Later, he took refuge in Wuzhong with his uncle. In 2 10 BC, the first emperor's military parade was held, and Xiang Yu and his father went to watch it, and made an amazing remark that "it can be replaced". In 209 BC, Guangwu and Chen Sheng led a peasant uprising, and then the Battle of Julu broke out. Xiang Yu's army was brave and invincible. It fought Qin Jun for many times and defeated Qin Jun. Since then, Xiang Yu has gained the position of commander in chief. In 205 BC, Xiang Yu moved to Chen County and was killed in the river. Since then, the princes have gradually turned their backs on each other. Tian Rong first attacked Qi, and Xiang Yu personally led him in counterinsurgency. At the time of Xiang Yu's conquest, Liu Bang started his career and decided to make Sanqin occupy the land of Guanzhong. After that, Liu Bang led five governors to attack Chu. Occupy Pengcheng. Xiang Yu heard the news and sent troops, and the Han army was defeated. After the defeat, Liu bang rallied and United all forces against Xiang Yu, and he was at loggerheads with Xiang Yu. The Chu army gradually lost ground in the military. Liu bang took the opportunity to send someone to lobby Xiang Yu and reached an agreement to divide the world by gap. At the same time, Xiang Yu released Liu Taigong and Lv Zhi who were captured in the war. In 202 BC, Liu Bang was treacherous and led troops to pursue Xiang Yu, who had returned to the East. Xiang Yu fought back and defeated the Han army. Later, all the governors arrived, and Xiang Yu was trapped alone. They were defeated by Gaixia, and the serenade was over. Han Xin and Peng Yue led troops to kill them. In order to shake Chu's heart, Sean and Han Xin Gong Hanjun sang Chu songs at night, and Xiang Yu heard them. In his panic, he felt that the tide had gone. In the evening, he and his concubine Yu Ji were drinking in the army tent. In the face of beauty and fame, Xiang Yu generously lamented: "Pushing mountains and pushing the world will never stop." What can I do without dying? What can I do if I am worried? "Yu Jihe sang:" There is something about Han soldiers, and songs are everywhere. Your majesty is exhausted, how can a concubine live! "The two people sang repeatedly, and the scene was tragic and tragic, which made them cry and did not dare to look up. That night, Xiang Yu mounted his horse, led more than 800 cavalry to break through the encirclement, galloped south, then crossed the Huaihe River, arrived at Yinling, and got lost. When he fled to Wujiang River, Wujiang Pavilion waited for him by boat, advised Xiang Yu to cross the river urgently, and then became king in Jiangdong, waiting for a comeback. Xiang Yu had no fighting spirit at this time, and blamed the failure on God's will, feeling ashamed to see his elders in Jiangdong. So he gave the horse to the director of Wujiang Pavilion, armed with short soldiers, killed hundreds of Han soldiers alone, and finally committed suicide. After Xiang Yu's death, Liu Bang got five bodies of Xiang Yu presented by Yang and Lu, and was buried in Gucheng.
Liu Bang rose up and thought that Confucian scholars were useless. When a Confucian scholar came to see him, he took off his Confucian crown, peed in it, and often opened his mouth to call names when talking to people. Once, a counselor in his sixties asked to see him. Liu bang stretched his legs and sat rudely by the bed, teaching two girls to wash his feet. Deliberately asked him: "Do you want to help Qin attack the princes?" Want to lead the ministers to break the Qin dynasty again? "Liu bang scold said," adhere to Confucianism! The husband is suffering all over the world, and the ministers attacked Qin at the same rate. What does it mean to help Qin attack the princes? " He said: "It is not appropriate to be good at this, but to gather disciples and unite with the volunteers to punish those who have no way to Qin." Hearing this, Liu Bang stopped washing his feet, adjusted his clothes, let Shi Li sit on them and apologized. Later, he followed Shili's plan.
In the course of Liu Bang's confrontation with Xiang Yu, some people put forward the suggestion of establishing descendants of six countries to disperse the forces of Chu. He agreed, and asked people to carve it quickly and give it to the descendants of the six countries. When Sean learned this, he told him that the descendants of the six countries should never stand. Liu bang was eating, and he immediately spat out the rice in his mouth and cursed: "upright Confucianism still does business after several failures!" " "So I immediately destroyed the seal.
After Liu Bang broke the Qin Dynasty, he entered Qin Gong and saw countless palaces, curtains, pearls and jade articles, and thousands of women and beauties in Qian Qian. He was dazzled and unwilling to leave. Fan Kuai exhorted him, but he wouldn't listen. Knowing that he was interested, Sean made another serious statement. This just left Qin Gong and returned to his post.
After Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, all the ministers fought for merit, drew their swords and hit the column, causing a great uproar. Therefore, he decided to hold a ceremony for his ministers to congratulate him and told Uncle Sun Tong, "Try it, make it easy to be known, and do my best." As the ceremony went on, the court looked solemn. Liu bang said happily, "I know the value of the emperor today."
After the completion of Weiyang Palace, Liu Bang's ministers held a meeting. Liu Bang held a jade cup and toasted his father, saying: "At the beginning, adults often regarded ministers as rogues and could not manage their careers. It was better to be a gift. What is the difference between occupation and today's occupation? " All the ministers in the temple joined in, shouting long live and laughing with joy.
One more thing: a courtier who dared to speak, named, happened to have a fight with his favorite Qi family because of one thing. Zhou Chang turned away. Liu Bang caught up with him, rode on Zhou Chang's neck and asked Zhou Chang, "What do I look like?" Zhou Chang was not angry with him. He looked up and said, "Your Majesty is the master of unruly people." Liu bang smiled, that's all.
This kind of detail is written by Sima Qian in other people's biographies, and Liu Bang's achievements are written in this chronicle. Taken together, these records show that Liu Bang, the emperor who did something and couldn't help but get rid of his unscrupulous habits, jumped to the page.
As for Xiang Yu, in Sima Qian's works, he is a talented person who has little ambition, wants to learn from ten thousand enemies, can carry the tripod. He has the ability of military organization, armed with strong combat effectiveness, but short-sighted, headstrong, unable to promote and trust people, and ultimately failed.
According to Sima Qian, Xiang Yu is a hero. He sympathized with Xiang Yu and regretted Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu's Chronicle records that Xiang Yu took the east side after his breakthrough, with only 28 riders and thousands of Han pursuers. It's time:
King Xiang couldn't escape, so he rode on his horse: "I have been in the army for eight years and fought more than 70 wars. I have been defeated by people who have been attacked. I have never lost, so I ruled the world. " However, today I am trapped here, and my death on this day is not a crime of war. Today, I am determined to die. I am willing to fight for you soon, and I will win three times. I will break the city, cut the generals and cut the flag for you, and let you know that this is not a war crime. "
Divided into four teams and four directions. The Han army has a large number. King Xiang said he rode, "I'll take one for the public." Ride all over the place and visit Shandong.
So Xiang Wang shouted that the Han army was invincible, so he beheaded a Han general.
At that time, Chi Quanhou was angry because Wang Xiang rode a general to chase him. Chi Quanhou was surprised by his troops and made several miles. Not riding, but three places.
The Han army didn't know where Wang Xiang was, but surrounded the army in three ways. A Wang Naichi killed hundreds of people after beheading a Korean captain. Together with his rider, two of his riders died. It means he rides: "What?" The riders knelt down and said, "As the king said."
This vividly depicts a specific heroic image of "praising meritorious deeds, striving for novelty" and "dying in Dongcheng without knowing it". Compared with Liu Bang, people like Xiang Yu are just two typical examples.