"I am Ju Lushi, king of the universe, great king, powerful king, king of Babylon. ..... the king of the four corners of the world ... "This shows that Ju Lushi is the founding monarch of Persian Empire Ju Lushi. From 553 BC, it took him only three years to destroy Medea, a powerful country in Asia Minor, and the ancient new Babylonian kingdom in the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. By the third generation of Darius, the Persian Empire had become the first huge empire across Asia, Europe and Africa in the history of the world.
In the spring of 492 BC, Persia wanted to conquer the beautiful and rich Greek city-state again. Persia sent a large number of warships to invade Greece across the sea with them, which started the famous Greek-Persian war in history. The Persian navy was hit by a hurricane at sea, and 300 warships and more than 20 thousand naval officers and men were all buried at the bottom of the sea. The Persian army lost the echo of the navy, like a single arm, and was attacked by the Thracians. The Persian commander was seriously injured. The military invasion of Greece had to be abandoned halfway.
The Persian king flew into a rage. The next year, he fantasized about surrendering to Greece without fighting. He sent messengers to the Greek city-states to ask for "water and soil", which meant to make them surrender to Persia. The small city-states in central and northern Greece were afraid of the Persian Empire's force and all bowed their knees and surrendered. But can Athens and Sparta, the two largest city-states in Greece, keep their heads down? The Athenians threw the Persian emissary into the sea from the cliff, and the Spartans threw the emissary into the well, so that they could get "water and soil?" .
Darius had never been so humiliated in his life. He became angry from embarrassment and decided to send the most experienced general to Greece for the second time.
In 490 BC, Persian troops crossed the Aegean Sea and landed in the Marathon Plain on the outskirts of Athens.
Athens, in a dangerous situation, while mobilizing and strengthening its alert, sent Filipi Des, a long-distance runner at that time, to seek help from the Spartan city-state more than 200 kilometers away day and night. The long-distance runner reached Sparta at an amazing speed in a little more than a day. But the Spartans refused to send troops on the grounds that their ancestors stipulated that they could not send troops before the full moon. Philip Bede begged, the Spartans were indifferent, and Philip Bede had no choice but to rush back to the marathon to save his life.
The Athenians were not discouraged when they heard that the Spartans would not send troops. They immediately organized all citizens, even slaves, to join the army, rushed to the marathon and occupied a powerful terrain.
According to the laws of Athens, the 10 generals in Athens should take turns to control the military power during the expedition, each for one day. Major military actions must be discussed by General 10 in advance, and finally a resolution is made on the principle that the minority is subordinate to the majority. A military conference was held under the auspices of Kalius, the military consul of Athens. At the meeting, General 10 had a heated debate on passive defense or active attack. A general named Miltiades advocated taking the initiative. When voting, 5 votes to 5 votes. Consul Kalis supported General Miltiades. In order to give full play to Miltiades's command ability, other generals voluntarily gave up the right to take turns as commander-in-chief, leaving Miltiades to command the war alone.
At that time, there were 10000 troops in Athens, plus reinforcements 1000, but the total number was only 1 1000. The Persian army has 65,438+10,000 people and is well equipped. In the case that the enemy was strong and we were weak, Miltiades decided not to fight recklessly with the enemy, but to lengthen the front slightly and arrange elite infantry on both sides, so that the troops on the front line were weak. On the morning of September 2, 490 BC, on the eve of the Great War, Miltiades mobilized Greek soldiers. He said, "It is up to you whether Athens will remain free forever or put on the yoke of slavery." His inspiring words inspired the soldiers' determination to defend their motherland.
The fierce battle began and the Greek soldiers attacked below. The Persian army didn't know what it was, so they fought back immediately. The Greek army retreated while fighting, and the Persian army advanced step by step. At the critical moment, the soldiers lying in ambush on both sides rushed out with lightning speed and attacked the Persian army from both sides. The Persian army chased the Greeks for too long. At this time, surrounded by Greek troops, they could not care for each other. It hurriedly fled to the seaside, trying to get on the boat and escape. The Greek army chased to the seaside, engaged with the Persian army and seized the warships. Kinal, a Greek warrior, desperately grasped a warship with his hand, and his hand was cut off by the enemy. He held back the pain, grabbed the warship with his other hand, and finally caught a warship with his comrades. In this battle, the Persians left 6400 bodies and 7 warships. The Athenians sacrificed 192 people, including consul Kalius and several generals. That night, when 2000 forward soldiers sent by Sparta arrived, all they saw in the moonlight was the battlefield full of dead bodies.
Miltiades was anxious to tell the people of Athens who were anxiously waiting for the news of victory, and he chose long-distance runner Ferdinand Peters to deliver the news. The long-distance runner was injured at that time, but in order to let his compatriots know the news of victory earlier, he ran desperately. When he ran to the central square of Athens, he was out of breath. He shouted excitedly, "Athenians, let's have fun. We … won!" " As soon as the cry fell, he fell to the scene and never woke up.
The Persian war lasted nearly half a century. Marathon was the first battle between the Greeks and Persians, which greatly inspired the Greeks to strive for freedom and independence.
In order to commemorate the victory of this battle and commend the contribution of dutiful hero Ferdinand Peters, 1896, the Athenians stipulated a new race-marathon. The distance is the distance from the marathon to Athens, which is determined to be 40 kilometers and 200 meters according to the route that Fidi Pides walked in that year. 1920, after careful determination, the distance was changed to 40km195m. The name of fidipides and the marathon will remain in the world with the Olympic flame for generations to come.
Prince of Zhou Youwang bonfire drama
Zhou Youwang, also known as Ji Gong Nie. He only knows how to eat, drink and be merry, and sends people everywhere to find beautiful women, never asking about state affairs. There was a minister named Bao Xiang, who persuaded Zhou Youwang not to neglect state affairs like this. Zhou Youwang didn't listen, but sent the elephant to prison.
Zanjia people tried their best to save Zanjie. I bought a very beautiful girl in the country, taught her to sing and dance, dressed her and introduced her to Zhou Youwang to make up for her praise. This girl is a great blessing to her family.
Zhou Youwang likes praise very much, but since he entered the palace, he hasn't smiled once, and he has been moping all day. Zhou Youwang gave all kinds of exotic gifts and tried all kinds of strange ways to make her laugh, but all failed.
So Zhou Youwang offered a reward in the palace: "Who can make the princess laugh, reward 1000 yuan, two gold."
An apple polisher named Guo Shifu gave Zhou Youwang an idea. It turned out that in order to guard against the attack of a minority tribe named Dog Ring in the west, the Zhou Dynasty built more than 20 beacon towers in Lishan area, and there was one every few miles. If the dog pen comes, the soldiers guarding the first pass will set it on fire; The soldiers in the second level saw the fireworks and burned the bonfire. In this way, bonfires burned one after another. When the nearby governors saw it, they would send troops to save it.
Guo Shifu said to Zhou Youwang, "Your Majesty can take the Queen to Mount Li for a few days. In the evening, let's light a bonfire and show it to the nearby governors. This will be a big trick. When the empress sees the soldiers and horses, she will definitely laugh. "
Zhou Youwang clapped his hands and said, "Great, let's do it!"
They climbed Mount Li and really lit a bonfire. The neighboring governors got this alarm and quickly led the military forces to save. I didn't expect to get there, but I heard waves of cheerful music and songs from the mountain. Everyone was shocked.
Zhuangke knew that he had been cheated and went back in a rage. I really laughed when I saw this scene.
Zhou Youwang laughed off the compliment and awarded it to the person who made the suggestion 1200 gold coins.
In order to win praise, Zhou Youwang simply abolished the queen and the prince, made Zan the queen and made Zan the son of the prince. It turned out that the queen's father was a vassal of the state of Shen. After learning the news, he joined the dog team to attack Haojiang, the capital of Zhou Dynasty.
Zhou Youwang quickly ordered the bonfire of Mount Li to be lit. During the day, the beacon tower is full of smoke and the fire is bright at night. However, because the princes were collected last time, no one paid attention to them and no reinforcements arrived.
As soon as the dog left the team, he killed Zhou Youwang, Guo Shifu and Bofu, the son of Bao Si, and took Bao Si away.
At this time, the governors realized that the dog ring had really entered the Haojiang River, so they joined forces and took a large group of people to rescue it. The governors of the Central Plains beat off the dog circle and made the original prince Ji Yi the son of heaven, that is, Zhou Pingwang. The vassals also returned to their fiefs.
Unexpectedly, as soon as the governors left, dog pens often invaded, and many lands in the western Zhou Dynasty were occupied by dog pens. I was afraid that Zhou Pingwang couldn't keep his pickaxe, so he made up his mind to move the capital to Luoyi.
Letters from Hongyan-Letters from afar
The story of The Legend of Hongyan comes from Hanshu? The story of "Su Wu herding sheep" in Biography of Su Wu. According to records, in the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (BC 100), Su Wu, the ambassador of the Han Dynasty, was detained by Shan Yu, the messenger of the Huns. He was brave and unyielding, and Khan exiled him to the no-man's land in Beihai (now Lake Baikal) to shepherd sheep. 19 years later, Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, and the fierce Han Dynasty reconciled and married. The envoys of the Han Dynasty were ferocious and asked Su Wu to go back. Khan refused, but he couldn't say it, so he lied that Su Wu was dead. Later, Emperor Hanzhao sent envoys to the Huns, and Chang Hui, the detained deputy envoy who sent envoys to the Huns together with Su Wu, secretly met with the envoys of the Han Dynasty one night with the help of the jailer, told the envoys of the Han Dynasty about Su Wu, and came up with a plan for the envoys of the Han Dynasty to tell Khan: "When Emperor Hanzhao was hunting in Shanglinyuan, he killed a goose with a letter written on silk tied to his foot, which said that Su Wu was not dead. Han was very happy after hearing this, so he blamed Khan according to Chang Hui's words. Khan was surprised after hearing this, but he couldn't deny it, so he had to let Su Wu go back.
Jade bird delivers books.
According to China's ancient rare book Shan Hai Jing, there are three kinds of bluebirds, namely Zhao Lan and Yan Zi (the author has not found the name of another bluebird). They are the attendants and messengers of the Queen Mother of the West, who can fly over Qian Shan to deliver information and good news of good luck, happiness and happiness to the world. It is said that the Queen Mother of the West once wrote a letter to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The Queen Mother of the West sent a book to the Jade Bird, and the Jade Bird always sent the letter from the Queen Mother to the Chenghua Temple in the Han Palace. In later myths, the bluebird gradually evolved into the king of birds-Phoenix.
In the Southern Tang Dynasty, master Li Jing wrote a poem, "The bluebird doesn't spread the news outside the cloud, and the lilacs are sad in the rain"; In the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai wrote a poem "I wish I could repay Sauvignon Blanc because of three bluebirds". Li Shangyin wrote a poem "Pengshan has no way, bluebird, listen! -bring me what she said! " ; And Cui wrote a poem "When will the bluebird pass".