The original company number of Eagle is HS. 1 182. Siddeley Company merged with British Aircraft Company to form British Aerospace Company.
"Eagle" originated from the plan of the Royal Air Force Training Command to update the active trainer in the late 1960s. At that time, Britain was developing a variety of new combat aircraft, which required corresponding improvements to the existing flight training system. The core of the system was to develop a new generation of medium/advanced jet trainers. The new trainer needs to be economical and effective, and can meet the basic requirements of future air-to-ground operations. After the demand for new trainers from the Royal Air Force, British Aircraft Corporation and Hawke? Siddeley Company held a design competition. 197 1 year1October, Hawke? Siddeley Company won the bid, March 2 1972, and the new machine was Rolls Royce? Royce's "Adu" afterburner turbofan engine.
The design of "Eagle" is traditional and formal, so it directly entered the stage of producing five pre-production aircraft without the test flight of the prototype. 1974 made its first flight on August 2 1 day, and a batch of production aircraft entered service on June1976165438+1October 4.
Eagle has been exported to many countries and is the only dedicated carrier-based trainer in the US Navy's carrier-based aircraft unit.
Due to reasonable design and effective market work, Eagle has become an excellent medium/advanced trainer in the world since 1980s, which can be used for both coaching and low-intensity ground support. Many countries have bought insurmountable models of this kind of aircraft. Its specific types include:
Eagle MKI
The "Eagle" T.MKI two-seat basic model was used by the Royal Air Force for flight and weapon training; Powered by Adoul151-0/afterburner turbofan engine, the thrust is 23. 13 kn. There are two external points under the wing, and the belly is equipped with a 30 mm machine gun cabin, with a simple sight, a three-position flap and no external fuel tank.
Eagle T.MKIA 1983 1 signed a contract to refit 89 Eagle from the Tactical Weapons Unit of the British Air Force and the Red Arrow Special Effects Team into AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles, which were installed on the hanging beam on the inner wing and under the previously unused pylon. The refitting work was carried out on May 30, 1998.
Eagle 50 series
The structural features of "Eagle" 50 series are as follows:
The fuselage is an all-metal frame and truss structure. The fuselage structure can bear a large fatigue load, so the aircraft is suitable for high-speed and low-altitude use. There is a big opening in the fuselage through which the wing passes. There is a big speed brake under the rear fuselage. The tail wing is cantilever all-metal structure. Each wing has a sweep angle. The full-motion horizontal tail has a downward dihedral angle, which is helpful for control. The rudder is operated manually. The trim plate is electrically operated.
The wing adopts cantilever lower wing. The relative thickness of root is 10.9%, and the relative thickness of wing tip is 9%. The camber angle of the wing is 2 degrees. The leading edge sweepback angle is 26, and the chord sweepback angles are 1/4 and 2 1. The whole wing is connected to the fuselage with six bolts. The wing box is composed of machined double beams and skins, which bear torque. Most wing boxes form a complete fuel tank. The trailing edge of the wing is equipped with a double slit flap and a booster aileron.
Wide crawler retractable front three-point landing gear, full single wheel, hydraulic drive. The main landing gear retracts inward into the wing in front of the front spar, and the front landing gear retracts forward. There is a rear bumper under the rear fuselage. Equipped with brake anti-skid device. The main tire size is 6.50- 10 and the pressure is 9.86×105 pa (10.05 kg/cm2); The front tire size was 4.4- 16, and the pressure was 8.27× 105 Pa (8.4 kg/cm2). The tail umbrella is 2.64 meters in diameter.
Is the engine a Rolls Royce? Rt.172-06-11"adoul"151afterburner turbofan engine, manufactured by rolls royce company and Tobermeka company, with thrust of 23. 13kN (2360kg. The engine is sucked in by the air inlet in front of the leading edge of the wings on both sides of the fuselage. Using gas turbine engine starter. The total capacity of aircraft fuel tank is 1704 liters, including 868 liters of fuselage fuel tank and 836 liters of wing integral fuel tank. The pressure filler is near the front of the left air inlet. In addition, Eagle can also carry 455, 592 or 864 liters of auxiliary fuel tanks on the pylon inside the wing, depending on the aircraft type.
Two-seat tandem cockpit, the whole canopy is opened to the right, and the back seat is slightly higher, providing a better view. With Martin? Baker MK 10B zero ejection seat. There is a blasting rope on the canopy. Before the seat is ejected, it will automatically ignite and explode and throw it out of the canopy. Use multiple standard control systems. The cockpit has pressurization, heating and air conditioning systems. When rescuing people on the ground, you can also operate the detonating blasting rope to throw the cover from outside the cockpit.
Cockpit pressurization and air conditioning are powered by engine bleed air. There are two sets of hydraulic systems. 1 system hydraulic oil flow is 36.4 L/min, and 2 system hydraulic oil flow is 22.7 L/min. The working pressure is 207×105pa (211kg/cm2), which is used to operate the actuator, flap, speed brake, landing gear and wheel anti-skid device. The liquid nitrogen accumulator is used for emergency control of flaps and landing gear, and its pressure is 2.75-5.5×105pa (2.81-5.62kg/cm2). Hydraulic accumulator for wheel emergency braking.
There is no air conditioning system. Use a brushless generator to provide direct current. Alternating current is provided by two static converters and two standby emergency batteries. The crew is supplied with oxygen by a gaseous oxygen system. When the engine or No.2 pump fails, the ram air turbine on the upper part of the rear fuselage provides emergency hydraulic power for aircraft control.
Airborne equipment includes the gyroscope and converter of Freundy Company, two RAI-44 long-range attitude indicators of sperry Gyroscope Company, a magnetic detection device and a compass system. Radio communication and navigation equipment includes UHF and VHF communication devices, CAT.7000 TACAN system, automatic landing device with locator/glide landing receiver and beacon receiver, friend or foe identifier and secondary surveillance radar. Each cockpit is equipped with F. 195 weapon sight and photographic recorder of Freddy Company.
"Eagle" 60 Series
The "Eagle Strike" 50 series is developed with "Adoul" 861turbofan engine with a thrust of 25.35 kN. Improve the wing leading edge device and choose four-stage adjustable flaps to improve the lift; Low-friction front wheels, wheels and tires are reinforced, and acceleration slip adjustment is installed; Can hang 592 or 684 liters of auxiliary fuel tank; Can be hung with "rattlesnake" or "magic" air-to-air missiles.
Compared with series 50, the maximum service load is increased by17%; Throwing payload increased by 33%; Increase by 30%; The characteristics of takeoff, landing, acceleration, climbing and turning are improved.
65438+7 ordered by Finland in 0993; 1992 delivered 20 mk60s ordered by Korea/100 and 5 improved MK60A ordered by Zimbabwe, and other orders have been completed. The UAE plans to change the existing 15 mk63 to MK63A, and replace it with Adoul mk8765,438+0 engine, new wings, rattlesnake missiles on the wing tips, and possibly new avionics.
Eagle 100 series
Eagle Strike 100 series is a two-seat type, and the number of external racks is increased to five to improve the external storage capacity, but only one pilot is carried when performing air combat missions.
MIL-STD- 1553B data bus connects SKN24 16 inertial navigation device, head-up display of Smith Industries and weapon aiming computer. New air data sensor group. Laser rangefinder and forward-looking infrared instrument can be selected. The improved weapon management system allows pre-selection and display of weapons in flight, manned or automatic weapon release, passive early warning radar alarm, hand-held joystick operation, and a multi-function display of color cathode ray tube in the front cabin and rear cabin.
Eagle Strike 100 series adopts Adoul -86 1 improved Adoul -87 1 turbofan engine. The new engine is suitable for high-speed and low-altitude flight, and the thrust is greatly improved. 100 series new wing, with downward curved leading edge and air combat flap, greatly improves the lift and maneuverability of the aircraft at low Mach number. The maximum external store is 3084 kg, and the landing distance is reduced by 15% and 20% respectively.
When performing high-low-high mission (with two 454kg bombs), the operational radius is 1222km, and the low-low operational radius with four 454kg bombs and machine gun pods is 239km. The pods with eight 227kg bombs and machine guns are 205km.
When performing combat air patrol mission, you can carry two rattlesnake air-to-air missiles, 30mm machine gun pods and two 864-liter auxiliary fuel tanks, fly from the base to185km, and stand by for 2 hours and 45 minutes at low altitude.
Eagle 200 series
"Eagle Strike" 200 series single-seat multifunctional combat type. The first demonstrator made its first flight in May, 1986, but crashed in July. The first pre-production aircraft 1987 made its first flight in April. The third verification machine with a complete set of electronic equipment and systems made its first flight on 199 1.
The main uses of Eagle 200 are: air control, close air support, battlefield interception, long-distance photographic reconnaissance, anti-ship attack at sea, etc. And can fight all the time. Macao, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Brunei, etc. * * * ordered 40.
Hawk orders have reached 756, and now 50, 100 and 200 series are in production, with users all over the United States, Finland, Indonesia, Switzerland, Saudi Arabia and other more than ten countries and regions.