Ludwig van Beethoven (1770- 1827) is the most famous musician in the world since the 8th century, one year behind the Germans. 1770 65438+Beethoven was born in Bonn, Rhine, Germany on February 26th. His grandfather was a Dutchman who immigrated to Germany. My father is a tenor, the daughter of my mother's court chef. The growth in Beethoven's period was the implementation of Joseph II's "enlightened autocracy", and the rulers in Bonn also took some improvement measures. Bonn became one of the centers of the German Enlightenment. Beethoven grew up in such an environment in his childhood. However, Beethoven's childhood was very happy, and his father's alcohol addiction ruined his family business. He tried to turn old Beethoven into a cash cow and his son into a genius of Mozart. Therefore, he is not only forced to play the piano for his children, but also often drags the violin after the children go to bed and get drunk in the middle of the night. 8-year-old Beethoven's dissatisfaction forced Cohen's performance to perform in front of the audience. Beethoven, 1 1 year old. Band operation. In this harsh childhood, Beethoven embarked on an independent road of making a living by music very early, but his determination and stubborn character were developed.
From 178 1, when Beethoven was working in the theater, the band conductor Naifu was studying Bach's Keyboard and composition methods. Naif is a great composer who tends to the Enlightenment. Conductors, the German National Opera House and oratorios all contributed to this development. Beethoven learned from his teacher and realized the importance of learning, German traditional folk music, and the influence of his father's guidance and strong interest in accepting literary enlightenment in Germany.
1787, the economic burden of Beethoven's family life. However, Beethoven is not suitable for hard creation. He successfully took part in the philosophy class at Bonn University. He is obsessed with reading and studying ancient myths, Greek and Latin classical literature, and the works of Shakespeare, Schiller and Goethe are his favorites. Although he did not have Mozart's precocious talent, he did not have Mozart's excellent learning conditions, unremitting self-study and achievements, which were not available to all his predecessors.
1789 The French bourgeois revolution in the Rhine valley played a great role in the progress of the anti-feudal movement and economic growth. In Beethoven's thoughts, he gradually took the pursuit of "freedom, equality and fraternity" as his political ideal. 1790 composed the chorus "Death of Joseph II", the savior of Joseph II. He praised this aspect for his pursuit of * * * and ideals, but it also reflected the unrealistic fantasy of Beethoven's early reformers. This work is Beethoven's earliest attempt to combine vocal music with symphony.
With the encouragement and support of 1792, Haydn and Beethoven came to live in Vienna. He was originally set in the aristocratic family of a talented young pianist in Vienna, and was warmly received and protected by the nobles. He once had the illusion of high society. After all, in Beethoven's era, Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven's more mature bourgeois consciousness and personal confidence and self-esteem were endowed by the times. Therefore, he doesn't want to be a slave to the nobility, but on the basis of equality with the nobility. Later, Beethoven gradually found that there was a great contradiction between his ideal bourgeoisie and feudal society, and 1796 was threatened by deafness. Beethoven soon rebelled against his thoughts and feelings from a satisfied personal fate.
From 65438 to 0797, Beethoven suffered from deafness and his condition deteriorated year by year. A musician said, what weight does this struggle have! The devil limited his contact with the outside world, and the composer hindered his piano performance, so he had to give up and live in seclusion in the countryside of Vienna for a long time.
From 1800, Beethoven's natural creativity gradually got rid of the influence of Haydn and Mozart, trying to create his own artistic style and pursue a new ideal. /kloc-completed the third symphony (Hero) in 0/803, which marked that his creation entered a new stage of development-maturity. During this period, his creativity was very strong, he showed great working ability, and some excellent works appeared. The basic idea of? The logic of Beethoven's mature works-fighting for victory, and gradually established Hero, a new style of large-scale symphony, revolutionary content, and major innovations different from the development practice form of drama symphony during this period, which further developed Beethoven's most outstanding works. During this period, almost all of his 30-year works were deaf in his career and later life.
One of Beethoven's greatest human artistic creations, on the one hand, he has excellent music, great rebellious temperament and strong personality, on the other hand, his tenacious will, conscious sense of social responsibility and lofty thoughts have formed his special quality creation as a musician, especially in his nine symphonies, which embodies the great people's movement and the most advanced ideas of that era. This theme, his time and destiny, his profound philosophy and touching artistic image combined to write a series of symphonies, which showed the spirit of the rising bourgeoisie from struggle to victory, from darkness to light, from suffering to happiness. His nine symphonies never shine, but shine like pearls.
Through the research and analysis of Beethoven's nine symphonies, especially the four-title symphonies (that is, the third five, six and nine years), we can not only understand the basic features of Beethoven's creation and all his great and pure thoughts, but also understand the creative innovations of major symphony orchestras. We can see that symphony is a transition from Schubert and Luxun's new development period to Haydn and Mozart's era. As early as in Beethoven's life, he has been recognized as a musician of world significance. He is not only a great classical composer, but also a pioneer of romanticism.
Biographical
Symphony in C major, Symphony in D major, Symphony in E major (Hero), Symphony in C minor, Symphony in B major, Symphony in F major, Symphony in F major, Symphony in F major, Symphony in War (Victory in Wellington), Symphony in D minor, Symphony in 9 (Chorus).
Orchestral violin in g minor and violin in f major
String Quartet in A minor E major 15 in B flat major (big fugue) 14 in B flat, C minorNo. 12 in F major 16 in D major solemn mass.
Religious music
Piano works Alice
Fidelio Opera House
Chorus fantasia "
Piano Sonata for Violin in F Major (Spring) Sonata in C Minor and G Major (Croce)
Piano Concerto No.3 in B flat major, Piano Concerto No.3 in C minor, Piano Concerto No.4 in G major, Piano Concerto No.4 in D major and Violin Concerto No.5 in E major (Emperor)
Overture Leonora Overture Egmont Overture Athens Ruins Overture Steven Original Overture Colio Lanming Festival Celebration Overture.
Piano Sonata in C Minor (Sorrow) Piano Sonata in C Minor (Moonlight) Change Piano Sonata in D Major (Pastoral Area) Piano Sonata in D Minor Heroic Variations (China Destin) Piano Sonata in E Major (Farewell) Piano Sonata in E Minor "Piano Sonata in B Major (Moravia of Han Nationality) Berry Change Dia.
Moonlight
Founded in 180 1, because in the past, an ordinary music name has become a very popular example, but no one has ever commented on this sonata, and it has become a famous world? The name of the song Moonlight, commonly known as Moonlight, is said to be due to the poet demirel Stubb (1899-60): the first movement reminds people of "like a canoe in Lake Lucerne, the Swiss moonlight is shining". It becomes a broad sense, commonly known as "moonlight." Some people speculate that Rael was born and published for a long time. Things, but this song seems to have begun to have Beethoven's considerable popularity, rather than a little unpleasant reasons. Undeniably, this is not only because this song contains elements that easily arouse strong literary reverie, thus becoming a famous word-of-mouth reason, but also because another multiple interpretation of the original legend is far-fetched. In fact, this sonata Beethoven named his own work No.27 is a sonata with the same fantasy style. "In the first movement, because all illusions were abandoned, the impromptu soft folk songs were transformed into the atmosphere of the second movement, and then reached the center of gravity. This is the sonata form of the third movement of this sonata." The third movement is in warm waters. Not only is the intense torrent sonata extremely rare in this period, but the sonata structure is also excellent. If this meditation in the first movement, the passion in the third movement, Beethoven's love affair time series, and 18-year-old Heiligen? The tragedy of the suicide note seems inseparable and reasonable, but there is no specific data to confirm these connections. Playing time: about 15 minutes.
Hero "
Beethoven yearned for the ideals of freedom, equality and universal love, and was an enthusiastic supporter of the French bourgeois revolution in 1789. 1798: Generally speaking, Bernadotte (1763 to 1844) is the French ambassador. In Vienna, Beethoven often visited his home, his close contacts and the people around him. 1902, Beethoven began to compose the Third Symphony dedicated to Napoleon at the request of Bonadote. In his mind, Napoleon was a hero who destroyed the autocratic system. 1904, Beethoven completed the Third Symphony, which he was going to provide to Napoleon. Then the news of Emperor Napoleon spread to Vienna. Beethoven learned the news from the student Lisi (1784 to 1838) and roared angrily: "He is also a mortal. Now, he should trample on human rights to show off their personal ambitions, and he will turn the people riding on his head into tyrants. " Then, go to the table, write a letter to Napoleon, throw a tear on the floor, pick it up, and don't let anyone see it for too many days.
Beethoven's anger gradually declined, making this work in 1804 65438+ February. This symphony was publicly published by the Prince of Vienna, Rob Covelli, and performed in the original performance theater in Vienna on April 1805. A poster ordered by Beethoven himself reads: "A new symphony or in D major, Mr. Ludwig van Beethoven, Rob. Strangely, Beethoven didn't say that he had dropped in E major, but said that the price increase was called "Hero".
Symphony of destiny
Beethoven's "C minor and D major", published in 1806 and composed in 10 in June, was printed on the title page of this symphony orchestra "The Third Symphony: Heroes" in memory of a great man. It was heroic and heavy, as if the knock of fate was at the door, so it was called "Symphony of Destiny" (op.
The symphony of destiny is 1805- 1808. 1808, 1 1 This month, Beethoven wrote to his friend Vigel (1765- 1848). The letter said: "I am stuck in the throat of fate, it." The third movement of piano sonata in C minor (Op. 10, 1) has appeared in 1798, and later in the third movement of string quartet in D major (Op. 183), the first movement of passionate sonata (Op.57) and the third "Leonora"
The passionate struggle of the Symphony of Destiny is in full swing, and it is extremely infectious. The Spanish mezzo-soprano Marie Brandenburg listened to the Symphony of Destiny for the first time. She was frightened and left alone. Napoleon's old soldier, after listening to the theme of the fourth movement, couldn't help it, but jumped up and shouted, "This is the emperor!" "
Listening to Berlioz's Symphony of Destiny is mistaken for the thrilling image of "Othello, Iago slandered Desdemona's adultery with terrible anger".
Schumann: "Although you often hear symphonies, when you always teach people about natural phenomena, you are always a constant force, such as panic." "
1On May 5, 830, Mendelssohn stayed in Weimar for two weeks and saw Goethe for the last time. His piano playing is famous from ancient times to modern times. Goethe's works, after listening to the first movement of the Symphony of Destiny, said: "This is a grand and thrilling earthquake, purely to make houses collapse. I wonder what will happen if many people play together.
184 1 In March, Engels listened to the symphony Destiny. Thanks for this job, she said, "If you don't know this wonderful thing, then even if your life is what it is, he hasn't heard from her sister." He heard the first movement of "complete despair, sadness, pain and a kind of sadness" and the second movement of "gentle troubles of love". In the third and fourth movements, Wan Li's trumpet expressed a strong and exciting joy of youth and freedom. Engels, in a few words, summed up "symphony" and "destiny" very aptly.
In the Seventh Symphony, Wagner called Beethoven's Seventh Symphony (Op.92) "Dance" the highest form of dance, and "the ideal form of body movement" was the most wonderful performance in extreme situations. "That is to say, once he wanted to use Liszt's piano accompaniment, Wagner's ideal of the Seventh Symphony, and in 1938, Ma Xin, who was choreographed by the ballet dancer Lars, compiled his symphony into a ballet company, showing an allegorical story-the world of creation and destruction:
The first movement: creation-creative spirit, the chaotic animal and plant world is living in an orderly way. Under the guidance of men and women, there is a dangerous snake.
The second movement: soil-soil hatred and violence are a group of men and women who mourn the murder of teenagers.
The third movement: the sky-the gods and goddesses in the sky are indifferent to the riots on the earth and still feel happy.
The fourth movement: debauchery and destruction-people are drowned in wine and women. God saw the joy of his poor imitation, because he was angry.1In May, 938, the first performance of the ballet "Destroying the World with Fire" was held in Monte Carlo, Monaco, with russes of the basil Ballet.
Beethoven chronology
1770 12 17, Ludwig-the second child of court singer John van Beethoven and his wife Mary Margaret da Reina was baptized in the holy church in Bonn, Remighi.
On March 26th 1778, "6-year-old child stars appeared.
1779, Chris's first Anger Rob came to Bonn and became Beethoven's teacher.
1782 von Brauning went to learn about the changes of the parade in Dries Le, and put forward nine items through Franz Gay Hald Wigel, which were published in Mannheim.
1784 February 15, the late archbishop of cologne and elector maximilian Friedrich Franz maximilian, the youngest son, the 27th Queen Maria Teresa, was a full member of the Persian court band.
I went to Vienna for the first time in March and April, 1787, and met Mozart. 17 In July, my mother died of tuberculosis.
1788 Beethoven's later friend, Count Holstein of China, came to Grace. 65438+February 65438+April karl philip Emanuel Bach died in Hamburg.
1On June 4th, 789, the French Revolution broke out.
1790 On February 20th, the Austrian emperor Joseph II passed away. See pigeons with abdominal pain syndrome. 65438+February 25th, joseph haydn trip, via Bonn.
179 1, staged a knight ballet? Amaru, Hysmans and Mozart died in Vienna on February 5, 1792, 1 1.2, and went to Vienna for the second time at the end of the new year to learn from Haydn. /kloc-his father died in Bonn in February, 2008.
At the end of 1793 or the beginning of 1794, Prince Ricino lost Chomsky's first family party, the performance of three people.
The home of Prince Ferdinand von Malinowski.
1795, 29, 20 10, premiered in Shao for the first time.
From February to June, 2006, 1796, I went to Prague, Dresden, Leipzig and the Prussian Palace in Berlin. Bonaparte troops attacked Italy.
3 1, 1797 Schubert was born in Lichenthal, near Vienna. Both are 0.4. Violin, the policy of "Tree Disc" organized by Friends of Concert, and the first performance of Greek quintet (Op. 16) in May, began to be known by Therese and Yuesefeini vonbrun Bolshevik.
1798 initially showed ear symptoms.
1800 held the first solo concert at the hufugong Grand Theatre, and Juliet's Symphony No.1 and Septet Orchestra premiered.
180 1 tower, 0.6 and 1 1 L6, your tea ERDI, have a letter for your friends. Amante and Wiggle revealed that it is getting harder and harder to hear the truth now.
1802 10,6,10, wrote a will in Tate, Heiligen, Daams. /kloc-in the summer of 0/803, he played the second symphony and the third piano concerto at the Vienna Opera House. Depplin's piano playing skills and music theory began to be given to Archduke Rudolf of Austria.
At 1804? From autumn to the end of 1807, she fell in love with Josephine von Daimler. Her maiden name was BrunBolshevik, and Bonaparte announced Napoleon on May 20th. Franz 1 1 In August, I became the emperor of Austria.
20 1 1 April 7th, 2008, 1805, the third symphony (Hero) premiered for the first time. 165438+1October 13, the French army occupied Vienna165438+1October 20, the first broadcast of "Flying for Liao".
1806 staged "Flying for Liao" for the first time. In the second month of Quben, diplomatic relations were cut off, and Prince Ferdinand von Malinowski met Count La Su Kai Mofsky. 65438+On February 23rd, the violin concerto (Op. 6 1) was first performed.
1807, a concert officially held by Prince Gebu of Moscovitz, and the first performance of Symphony No.4, Corriolan Overture and Piano Concerto No.4..
180810?The royal family of Bonaparte in Rome rented Beethoven Kassel. On February 22nd, 65438, Symphony No.5, Symphony No.6 and Chorus Fantasia premiered at Vienna Opera House.
1809 26. Archduke Rudolf, Prince Rob Moscovitz and Prince kinski promised an annuity in Beethoven. 10 On May 9, Austria declared war on France, and the French army occupied Vienna again. On May 3 1 day, when the dead Joseph Hay approached Tyrol in Austria and Germany, a movement against Napoleon broke out.
18 10 fell in love with Therese von Maerfadi in the spring and autumn. 18 1 1
15, are the pens and drums of financial patents tall and lazy? /kloc-in August, 2000, I went to Grand Platz and became familiar with Amafili Sebold. 165438+1October 28th, the first performance of Piano Concerto No.5 was held in Leipzig.
On June 24th, 2002, Napoleon sent troops to attack Russia. July 6th 7th 20 1 1 was caused by the book Forever Lovers. From July 19 to 23, Ritz and Goethe met many times on the third floor. 10 19, the French army began to retreat.
18 13 Stay in Baden in summer. On June 2 1 day, Wellington defeated the French army in Victoria. The national liberation war against French rule broke out. On February 8, 65438, a concert was held in the auditorium of Vienna University, and the Seventh Symphony and the War Symphony were played for the first time.
27. 18 14 The Eighth Symphony premiered on April 6th, and Karen abdicated in Fontainebleau, because Lu Yue met Anton Schindler, the late Prince Carl Ferdinand von Malinowski, on April 23rd? The same tangled saliva, money and a bucket of paint? On September 18, the Vienna Conference opened. A grand concert was held. 1participants in the meeting held in Vienna on October 29th 165438.
On 25th, 18 15 was the last pianist to play. /kloc-in March, 2000, Napoleon left Alba in exile and returned to the mainland in the hot summer, stopping in Baden and Deplin. 165438+1October 15, brother died, Carl, the guardian of Beethoven's nephew Carl.
In February, 18 16, the young nephew Carl's school was dissolved, and he worked in the Giannatasio Delrio workhouse, which was run by the Greek quartet. In summer, stay in Baden. Since the cold month of 10, various diseases have been caused permanently. Joseph Franz Lekovich 12 16, Prince of Wales died.
18 17 summer, I stayed in Heiligen, Daams, Tate and Nudo.
18 18 summer, I stayed in Maudlin.
18 19 Anton Schindler, Beethoven's assistant, talked with people at the beginning of the conversation.
1820, he became the only guardian's nephew Carl. ? Stay in Medellin in summer.
182 1 in summer, I stayed in Deplin and Baden. Suffering from jaundice.
In the summer of 1822, I stayed in Deplin and Baden. 165438+1On October 9th, Beethoven composed three string quartets at the invitation of Russian prince Nikolai Gamaliil.
For CEO 1823, Shu Pan hopes to come back from Russia. In summer, stay in Hertzendorf and Baden.
1824 Beethoven, the book of Vienna art lovers, asked his new work to be held in Vienna. On April 18, "Solemn Mass" was held in Petersburg for the first time. On May 7th, the concert was the first performance of Symphony No.9 in Costento Theatre. In summer, I stayed in Pang Qing and Gutenberg near Vienna to get pregnant.
, 1825, premiere of "Hope Quartet"No. 127 by Shu Fance. Maybe, suffering from severe enteritis. In summer, in Brun, Gu Teng. 10, Spanish mobile apartment.
1826 physical and mental destruction. On March 2nd 130, the premiere of the workNo.130 was the finale "Da Fugue". On July 30th, nephew Carl attempted suicide. On September 29th, his brother John's residence, Gneksondorf, left. Returning to Vienna on February 2, 65438, Beethoven was seriously ill, suffering from pneumonia, cirrhosis and ascites. 1 February 20th1Abdominal puncture.
1827 1 month, drafting a will. 65438+ 10 8, the second puncture. On February 2, the third puncture. In late February, Beethoven died. On February 27, the fourth abdominal puncture. On March 24th, I was in a coma. 17: On March 26th, 45, Beethoven died. When the wind roars, lightning flashes and thunder thunders.