There are two kinds of nosebleeds: anterior and posterior. The latter position mainly affects the elderly, especially patients with hypertension. In this type, no matter what posture the patient is in, blood flows out from behind the nose and flows into the throat along the back of the mouth. In severe cases, the blood flow direction may be both before and after. A nosebleed requires hospitalization.
The common nosebleed belongs to the forward flow type and flows out from the front of the nose. When standing or sitting down, blood flows from one or both nostrils. When lying down, blood may enter the throat. This nosebleed may be scary, but it's not serious.
Whether it is due to the dry climate, the side effects of high blood pressure or arteriosclerosis, or the nosebleed caused by accidentally breaking the nasal cavity, the following tips are helpful for all kinds of nosebleeds.
● Dig out blood clots.
Try to dig out the blood clot before stopping the bleeding. Because the blood clot blocked in the blood vessel can't close the blood vessel. There are elastic fibers in blood vessels. When you remove the blood clot, these elastic fibers can contract and close the bleeding opening. Sometimes after blowing your nose, you can stop the bleeding by gently pinching your nose with your hand.
● Plug gauze or wet cotton.
Put a small piece of sterilized wet gauze in each nostril, or wet cotton with neofolin decongestant or Avrin nasal spray, which will help stop bleeding. But some experts prefer to soak cotton in white vinegar. The acetic acid in vinegar will burn slightly. However, decongestants can only provide temporary hemostasis, and if abused, it may damage the nasal membrane.
● Holding Confucius.
After blowing nosebleeds (removing blood clots) and stuffing cotton, hold your nostrils together with your thumb and forefinger and hold them tightly for 5-7 minutes. If the bleeding is still not stopped, repeat the action of tampon and nose pinching, and still press for 5-7 minutes. This should stop the bleeding.
● Sit up straight
If you lie down or look up, blood will flow to your throat. You can sit in a chair and lean forward (not backward).
● Ice compress.
Cold can promote vasoconstriction and reduce bleeding. You can cold compress your nose, neck and cheeks with crushed ice or an ice towel.
● Apply ointment
When the nosebleed is controlled, apply some vitamin E ointment on your nose. If there is no vitamin e, you can use a little antibiotic or steroid ointment instead, and apply it 2 ~ 3 times a day. Vitamin ⅱ ointment can promote wound healing, while antibiotic or steroid ointment can destroy staphylococcus in nasal cavity, which not only stops itching, but also prevents mucus from drying up (so as not to induce the impulse to pick your nose). If the nasal mucosa is painful due to dryness, aloe vera or Zhilicao ointment can be used.
● Don't pick your nose.
After the above treatment, it is best to lie down and rest for a while, and don't do strenuous exercise for at least two days. It takes 7- 10 days for the nasal vessels to recover completely. After blood coagulation, the blood flow stops, and then the coagulated blood clot gradually scabs; If you dig a hole in the other person's body, if you accidentally peel off and scab, nosebleeds will recur.
● Increase air humidity.
When you breathe, your nose needs to make sure that the air reaching your lungs is moist enough. Therefore, when the environment is dry, your nose has to work harder. It is recommended to use a humidifier to supplement the air humidity, and it is best to add distilled water to the humidifier to avoid impure tap water (impurities such as water and alkali).
● Take aspirin carefully.
Aspirin can interfere with blood coagulation. If you are prone to nosebleeds, I remind you to use aspirin as little as possible unless necessary. In addition, patients are advised to avoid foods rich in salicylic acid, which is a substance similar to aspirin and exists in coffee, tea, some vegetables and most fruits. These foods include almonds, apples, apricots, blueberries (blackberries, cranberries, etc. ), mint, cherry, grape (dried), peach, plum, tomato and cucumber.
Sometimes, the use of heparin and anticoagulants may also lead to nosebleeds.
● Control blood pressure
Patients with hypertension are prone to nosebleeds. A diet low in fat and cholesterol should be adopted.
● Carefully choose oral contraceptives.
Female hormones affect mucus secretion. Anything that affects female hormones in the body (including menstrual cycle) may make you more prone to nosebleeds. Some oral contraceptives can also change the balance of female hormones. If you have a nosebleed, you should consult your doctor when choosing birth control pills.
● Quit smoking
Smoking dries the nasal mucosa and easily causes nosebleeds.
Nutrition and diet therapy
● Supplement nutrition.
① Iron supplementation
If you are prone to nosebleeds, consider iron supplementation to help your body make blood. Iron is an important component of heme, which is the main substance in red blood cells.
② vitamin c supplementation
Collagen is necessary to maintain the health of body tissues, and vitamin C is necessary to form collagen. Collagen in the upper respiratory tract helps mucus adhere to the proper position and forms a moist protective film in the sinuses and nasal cavity.
③ vitamin k supplementation
Vitamin K is necessary for normal blood coagulation. Its sources are alfalfa, kelp and all dark green leafy vegetables.
● Dangerous guidance
Seek medical attention immediately if:
* When you have stuffed your nose with cotton and squeezed it, you should see a doctor immediately. A nosebleed that lasts too long can be fatal. In rare cases, persistent nosebleeds even mean the existence of tumors.
* If you are an elderly person with arteriosclerosis and nosebleeds, you should seek medical advice as soon as possible.
* In addition, when blood is found to flow from the back of the nasal cavity to the throat, you should also seek medical advice.
ZT .。 . . I am not a doctor. I searched online for reference only. You can look for it yourself when you have time:)
There should be no big problem, just a' fever'.
What about nosebleeds in summer?
In summer, my nose always bleeds. What's going on here? Is there any treatment?
Unilateral epistaxis is mostly caused by local causes.
Bilateral epistaxis is more common in systemic diseases.
Hemorrhage in front of nose is more common in children and young people, and it is mostly caused by trauma, rhinitis and vitamin deficiency.
Posterior nasal bleeding is more common in adults or elderly patients, and is mostly caused by diseases such as hypertension and arteriosclerosis.
Children often have nosebleeds due to nose digging, foreign bodies being stuffed into the nasal cavity, and nasal trauma.
Climate change, emotional excitement, fatigue, sneezing and even blowing your nose may all be the causes of nosebleeds.
When nosebleeds, the patient should be calm, sit still or lie flat, hold his nose with his fingers, hold down the hemostasis point, and breathe through his mouth temporarily; Put clean cotton, cloth or paper into nostrils to compress and stop bleeding. If you use gauze and cotton soaked in hydrogen peroxide, adrenaline or ephedrine solution, the effect will be better. You can also apply cold water to your forehead or back neck, fill sterile and fine vaseline gauze strips into the nasal cavity from the front nostril, press the bleeding point, and take it out after 24-48 hours; If the bleeding continues. It can be replaced and refilled. There are two simple prescriptions for nosebleeds:
① Take 250g leek, mash it to get juice, and take it with warm water twice.
② Take 30 grams of garlic, mash it and stick it on the sole of the same side. If there are symptoms such as excessive bleeding, long duration, low blood pressure, low pulse rate and cold sweat, the patient's condition should be closely observed and sent to the hospital for emergency treatment in time. After the nosebleed stops, we should actively cooperate with the doctor to find the cause of bleeding and carry out radical treatment according to the cause.
Selected manuscript: Wu Yimin Source: Oriental Health Netease
Why is there a nosebleed?
The most common cause is primary nosebleed, that is, blood vessels rupture due to slight stimulation, such as forcibly sending nasal discharge, wiping nose, lifting nose or sneezing.
Other injuries, such as falling or being hit in the face, can also lead to nosebleeds.
Cancer is also a common cause.
Thrombocytopenia and other coagulation diseases ...
On the contrary, most people think that hypertension is not the cause. The probability of nosebleeds in hypertensive patients is the same as that in ordinary people, but it is even more serious if it really happens.
How to deal with nosebleeds?
Nosebleeds are generally primary, and the bleeding place is generally in front of the nose. Pressing a bleeding blood vessel with your finger can usually stop the bleeding. But most people's gestures are incorrect. The correct way is to use two or three fingers to press the soft tissue of the nose, preferably all soft parts. Don't let go five minutes ago to see if there is blood. The patient should sit with his head level (that is, neither his back nor his head down).
Don't put paper towels in your nostrils, because the pressure is usually not enough, and there may be paper towels left in your nose.
If you can't stop the bleeding by pressing with your fingers, you should go to the emergency room or otolaryngology department. The doctor will use vaseline gauze, gel foam, Merosel bag and even rubber catheter to pressurize the bleeding area.
After stopping nosebleeds, you should find an otolaryngologist for a thorough examination, find out the cause of nosebleeds, and then treat them.
How to prevent nosebleed?
Don't pick your nose with your fingers. Proper treatment of colds or nasal allergies can reduce sneezing and runny nose.
If nosebleeds frequently, the otorhinolaryngology department can use electrocautery or chemical methods (silver nitrate) to seal the blood vessels that often flow.
If the cause is cancer or coagulopathy, of course, it should be treated separately.
Author: Dr. Lu all rights reserved? . Best feeling technology co., ltd
Internal diseases
What about nosebleeds?
Author: Director Song Wenju
There are many reasons for nosebleeds, but about half of them can't be found. The tiny blood vessels in nasal mucosa are densely distributed, sensitive and fragile, and easy to rupture and bleed. Nosebleeds are common in preschool children.
When nosebleeds, most people are used to holding their noses up, thinking that this can effectively stop bleeding, but it is actually wrong. It's just out of sight, but in fact the blood continues to flow-inward.
When nosebleeds, "backward posture" has the following disadvantages:
It will make the blood that has flowed out of the nasal cavity flow back to the throat because of posture and gravity, and it has no real hemostatic effect.
Blood in the throat will be swallowed into the esophagus and gastrointestinal tract, which will stimulate the gastrointestinal mucosa to feel uncomfortable or vomit.
When the amount of bleeding is large, it is easy to inhale and choke into the trachea and lungs, blocking the respiratory airflow and causing danger.
The correct way is to keep the head in a normal upright or slightly forward posture, so that the blood that has flowed out can be discharged out of the nostrils, so as not to stay in the nasal cavity and interfere with the airflow of breathing.
The most common place for children with nosebleeds (about 90% or more) is on the nasal septum mucosa about one or two centimeters inside the nostrils. Because it is close to the anterior nostril, you can use the most convenient local compression to stop bleeding first. The method is as follows:
Adults should first try to calm their emotions and not panic, so as to calm the children frightened by bleeding.
The head should maintain a normal upright or slightly forward posture.
Press the front of the nose (soft nose) on the bleeding side with your fingers from the outside of the nose wing, just like pinching your nose with your hands, for about five to ten minutes. Most patients can simply stop bleeding in this way. And the other nose can breathe smoothly without bleeding.
If the compression does not stop bleeding for more than ten minutes, it may mean serious bleeding or other problems. At this time, it is necessary to send a doctor for further treatment.
The function of "ice compress forehead" is to achieve nasal vasoconstriction and hemostasis when the forehead skin is cold, but the effect is not good, because it is too far away from the bleeding nostril, and local cold will cause head discomfort, so the correct method is to ice compress directly on the "nose root" and "nose head" (that is, the whole nose).