The middle school days of famous writers
Victor Hugo
Victor hugo was born in an officer's family in Besancon on February 26th, 802. He took a keen interest in literature when he was in middle school. His literary activities began with writing for the magazine Literary Conservatives. Due to the influence of family, Hugo's initial poems mostly praised royalism and religion. His first novel, Han Islam, was praised by novelist Notil. The connection with Nottier prompted Hugo to turn to romanticism and gradually become the leader of romanticism. 1827 Hugo wrote a long preface for his play Cromwell, which is the famous romantic literary declaration. In the preface, Hugo opposed the classical artistic viewpoint and put forward the romantic literary proposition: insisting on not formulating but expressing the plot concretely. In particular, he preached the principle of comparing truth, goodness and beauty with falsehood, evil and ugliness. This preface occupies an important position in the history of French literary criticism.
1830, the premiere of Hugo's masterpiece Onani marked the decisive victory of romanticism over classicism.
1830 after the July revolution, Hugo further stepped onto the left-wing road politically, and his masterpiece Notre Dame de Paris was the work of this period. This work established Hugo's reputation as a famous novelist.
1848 When the "February Revolution" began, Hugo had become a staunch party member and was elected as a member of the Constituent Assembly, becoming the leader of the social democratic left in the French National Assembly. 185 1 year, louis bonaparte launched a counter-revolutionary coup. Hugo immediately issued a declaration to resist, but failed. In February of the same year, Hugo was forced to flee to Brussels.
During his 19 years in exile, Hugo always insisted on fighting and writing against Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte's dictatorship. 1852, he published a political pamphlet "Little Napoleon", which made a bitter mockery of Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte. In the spring of the same year, he wrote The Story of a Crime, angrily accusing and mercilessly exposing the counter-revolutionary usurpation of power.
Hugo followed the pace of the times all his life and was an important writer in the history of French literature. It is particularly worth mentioning that in 186 1 year, Hugo was filled with indignation when he learned that the British and French invaders had set fire to Yuanmingyuan. He righteously wrote: "The French Empire got half of the stolen goods from this victory, and now it is naive as if it is the real master, showing the glory of the plundering of Yuanmingyuan. I hope that one day France can get rid of the heavy burden, clear its guilt and return this wealth to the plundered China. "
1885 On May 22nd, victor hugo, a great French national poet and famous novelist, died in Paris. /kloc-for more than 0/00 years, the French people and people all over the world have always remembered this great French cultural pioneer. Hugo's immortal masterpieces, such as Notre Dame de Paris, Les Miserables and 93, have been loved by the broad masses of the people so far.
Guo Moruo
Early life
Guo Moruo, 1 16, a native of Shawan Town, Guan 'e Township, Leshan County, Sichuan Province. This is a place with beautiful scenery. Looking west from the town, there is a mountain peak among the mountains, called Suishan, which is the second peak of Emei Mountain. In the east of the town, the turbulent Dadu River water has been flowing from north to south. For this small town between mountains and rivers, villagers always like to praise it with "Suishan Yu Xiu, Zhong Ling with foam water". Foaming water is the ancient name of Dadu River.
Before Guo Moruo was born, Guo's family business was already in decline. His father dropped out of school in his early years and became an apprentice in a salt well. He was smart and well managed, and gradually developed his family business. Bought land, bought a house and bought a salt well. By the time Guo Moruo was born, the Guo family was already a well-off family.
Guo Moruo did eight things, and his mother called him "eight sons". His name at school is Guo Kaizhen, and the word "open" is generational. He never liked the word "truth" because it was a bit feminine. 19 19 when I was studying in Japan, I finally changed my name. However, this is another story.
Guo Moruo recited ancient poems with his mother when he was 4 years old, and was influenced by China's poems. Later, when he recalled his mother, he said, "She has never read a book at all, but she can read some words by ear and recite many Tang poems. Before I was ignorant, she secretly taught me to recite many poems. " "My mother is actually my real teacher." Although his parents have never been to school, they attach great importance to their children's education and set up a home school. Because the family school faces Suishan, it was named "Suishan Mountain Pavilion" and hired a famous teacher.
Guo Moruo entered Suishan Pavilion at the age of six and kowtowed several times before he became a great sage. I began to learn some three-character classics, thousands of poems and so on, and began to play against them. When I was 7 years old, I began to try to paste poems. My teacher gave me some poems entitled "Rain is coming, and the building is full of words", like magical spells drawn by wizards for children. What's more, what is the truth and what is the melody? It's boring. It's simply a "poetic punishment". But some catchy ancient poems aroused his interest, especially Tang poems. I also learned to write poetry. In his collection of poems, there is a poem called "Tea Stream", which is the earliest poem he has preserved:
Fishing in the tea stream, singing poems in the breeze. I don't know what kind of fish a fishing rod is.
This poem was written at the age of 13, which can reflect his early life from one side. Chaxi is a small river flowing down from the foot of Mount Emei, winding through Shawan and pouring into Dadu River. Being interested in fishing and swimming, and then forgetting to recite poems, can fully explain his leisure life and investment in poetry as a teenager.
/kloc-left Shawan at the age of 0/5 and went to Leshan county to attend higher primary school. Read through the historical records during the annual leave, and like the style of Sima Qian, the official of Taishi. /kloc-entered Leshan Jiading government middle school at the age of 0/6, and began to contact foreign literary works, such as foreign novels translated by Lin Shu, and read Yan Fu's Evolution.
At school, his academic performance is always excellent. In the first semester of grade one in primary school, I got the first place in the exam. After the final exam, it is also in the top few. But his character is as evil as hatred, he dares to resist and is stubborn and unyielding. In such a society, he has to bring him a lot of trouble. His "cultivation" score is extremely low, with a minimum of 35 points.
When he was studying in the county seat, he was given a big demerit for opposing the teacher's brutal beating. On two occasions, he was almost dismissed by the school because he went on strike against the unfair treatment of his classmates. On another occasion, because his classmate was injured by a soldier, he appealed for his classmate and asked the school to negotiate with the soldier on behalf of the students. Be reprimanded by the school, strike with classmates in a rage. The school expelled him on the charge of "correcting the public and striking classes", which spread to the whole province. These spiritual blows did not make him yield, but cultivated his rebellious character, won the admiration of his classmates and became a small leader among them.
19 10 years, when he 19 years old, he went to Chengdu and studied in a middle school in Sichuan province. At the beginning of the second year, there was a wave of parliamentary petitions in Chengdu, demanding that the Qing government implement a constitutional monarchy and establish a parliament. He was elected as the class representative and participated in the strike struggle of the students in the city, so he was dismissed from the school again.
After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, he was so excited that he immediately cut off his braid and wrote a poem "Peony Pavilion Fu":
Unique luxury and wealth, gorgeous and charming. The flower country is not an emperor today, and the name of Kao should be new.
He expressed his joy at the collapse of the Qing dynasty and the motherland's abandonment of the old and the welcome of the new.
backbone
Formerly known as Xie Wanying, her pen names are Ms. Bing Xin and Mr. Bing Xin. 1900 was born in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, and his ancestral home was Changle County, Fujian Province. My father was a naval officer of the Qing government. 1904 She moved to Yantai with her father. She spent her childhood at the seaside and loved the sea since she was a child. 19 1 1 year attended women's normal school, 19 14 year attended Beijing Christian School Beiman Girls' Middle School, 19 18 year attended Peking Union Medical College Women's University. After the May 4th Movement broke out, she actively participated in anti-imperialist and anti-feudal propaganda activities. The first work she published was Two Families, which started the creation of "problem novels" with the theme of society, family and women. Later, Loneliness and Helplessness and Poor Zhuang and Sister were published. 192 1 year later, superman, stars, springs, etc. It was published. Maternal love or human love is an ideal way to solve social and life problems. 1923, after yenching university graduated, she went to the United States to study, majoring in English literature. At the same time, she wrote essays about her travels and experiences in foreign countries and sent them back to China for publication, which was accepted as "For Young Readers".
After returning to China from 65438 to 0926, Bing Xin taught in yenching university and Tsinghua University Women's College of Arts and Sciences. 193 1 year, he wrote the novel fen, which marked the writer's further understanding of social reality. 1932, Beixin Bookstore began to publish the complete works of Bing Xin in a diversified way.
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, she 1938 went to Kunming and 1940 went to Chongqing. She once wrote an essay "About Women" under the pseudonym "Man". 1946 After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he taught the course "China New Literature" at the University of Tokyo. 195 1 When he returned to China in autumn, he wrote essays such as After Your Return, which turned a new page in his creation. Tao Qi's summer diary was published in 1956. On March 1958, People's Daily began to publish her "For Young Readers", which mostly introduced foreign experience, praised friendship and encouraged children to work hard. In addition, we also published We Wake up in Spring, Ode to Cherry Blossoms, Notes on Picking Up the Leftovers, Little Orange Lantern, Selected Novels of Bing Xin and so on. During the Cultural Revolution, Hong Kong Chaoyang Publishing House also published her prose collections "Sakura", "Friendship" and "We have no winter here". After smashing the Gang of Four, she began to publish three letters to young readers in her childhood.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Bing Xin devoted a lot of time and energy to social activities.
I hope my answer is helpful to you.
These are quite long. You can abbreviate them.
If it's too much trouble, I know a few myself. Use them as you see fit.
Zhou Enlai said in middle school that studying for the rise of China, the composition that Marx graduated from middle school is to contribute to mankind.