The origin of "Zhang" surname? The origin of Zhang can be traced back to ancient legends.
The legendary ancestor of all ethnic groups in the Central Plains, Huangdi, and his wife, Lei Zu, are the creators of the legendary methods of sericulture and silk grooming, and are regarded as silkworm gods by later generations. They gave birth to a son, whose name is very famous, and because of Taitai's practice, they said less, and he was the leader of Dongyi tribe after Taitai.
The fifth son is less famous, and the official went to Gong Zheng (the official who supervised the manufacture of bows and arrows). He watched the arc star at night, and saw that the attacking arrow nine planet was in the southeast of Sirius, shaped like a giant bow in the sky, and the arrow was facing Sirius, so he was inspired by it and made a bow and arrow, giving him the surname Zhang. The original meaning of the word Zhang is to bow, and it is extended to bow and longbow, which is closely related to the official name Gong Zheng and the ancient star name Arc.
Zhang also has a surname based on the name of his ancestors. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Zhang Hou in the State of Jin, named Zhang Jie. Later, he took the word grandfather as his surname. Since then, the state of Jin has a surname of Zhang. In 403 BC, after Zhao, Han and Wei carved up the State of Jin, Zhang's population was also scattered in three vassal states.
The origin of the word "Zhang" in Hundred Family Names is as follows:
Originated from Ji surname, from the son of the Yellow Emperor in ancient times, belonging to the official title. According to New Tang Book? The lineage of the Prime Minister said, "The fifth son of Qingyang family, the son of the Yellow Emperor, wielded a bow and arrow, and later generations gave him the surname Zhang.
The descendants of the Yellow Emperor come from the surname Ji. According to Tongzhi? According to "A Brief History of Clans", in the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a doctor named Zhang Jie in the State of Jin, and his grandson took him as his surname, also called Zhang.
Changed by a given surname or his surname. According to Records of the Historian, Zhuge Liang of Shu gave Zhang the surname when Long, the leader of the Nan people, was taken by the Three Kingdoms, and later generations took Zhang as their surname.
Originated from the ancient Xi nationality, originated from the Xi nationality in the Tang Dynasty, and belonged to the emperor whose surname was given by the Han nationality. Xi nationality is an ancient nationality living in Tang, Song, Liao and Jin dynasties. In historical documents, Xi people are often remembered as Xi people and Xi Hui people. In the Tang dynasty, the Zhang family of the Chinese came from the emperor.
Originated from other ethnic minorities, it belongs to sinicization and changed its surname. Today, Achang, Naxi, Wa, Yao, Zhuang, Li and Gaoshan Zhang are mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Sichuan and Taiwan Province provinces, while Tibetan Zhang is mainly distributed in Qinghai, * *, Sichuan, Guizhou and other Tibetan inhabited areas, and the origin of their surnames remains to be verified.
Yuan Jueyi, the seventh son of the Japanese famous Silla Saburo Yuan Yiguang, went to North Korea in the second year of Yingde, that is, AD 1085, in order to escape the revenge of the orphans in Yuan Yiguang's murder. Yuan Jueyi, under the protection of Korea's Koryo Dynasty, took Silla as an allusion, Silla as a prototype, Zhang Baohao as a Miao figure and took root in coastal islands for generations.
Zhang, one of the top ten surnames of Chinese people in the world, is currently the third largest surname, with 87.502 million people, accounting for 6.83% of the total population in China. It is one of the three nationalities with the same surname in the world, ranking 24th among hundreds of surnames.
Exploring the origin of Zhang's surname. The origin of Zhang mainly includes:
1, from Ji:
(1) from the ancient yellow emperor Sun Hui, belongs to the official title as the surname. This Zhang family originated in Qingyang (that is, Qingyang in the east of Qinghe County, Hebei Province) and is a family. There is a folk saying that "Zhang's surname stays in Qinghe in the world".
(2) from the descendants of the Yellow Emperor Ji surname, genus word for surname. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a doctor in the State of Jin named Zhang, also known as Zhang.
2, from the change of surname:
(1) from the nie surname. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhang Liao, a general of Wei, was originally named Nie, but his family changed his surname to Zhang to avoid resentment, and his descendants also took Zhang as their surname.
Give your own surname. Dragon, the leader of Nanman, lived in Yunnan. Zhuge Liang of Shu gave him the surname Zhang in the Three Kingdoms, and later generations took Zhang as their surname.
③ Originated from Gu Xi nationality. Zhang Zhongzhi, a native of Xi, now lives in Fanyang. Because he was good at riding and shooting, he was adopted as his adopted son by the prefect of Fan Yang, and his adoptive father's surname was Zhang. After Zhang Zhongzhi repeatedly made meritorious military service, he was appointed as Zhao Guogong by the Ministry of Rites.
(4) Surnames from ethnic minorities. In ancient times, some ethnic minorities, such as Wuhuan, Jurchen, Anta, Xianbei, Xiongnu and Qidan, changed their surnames to Zhang. Today, Achang, Naxi, Wa, Yao, Zhuang, Li, Gaoshan, Tibetan, and more than a dozen Manchu surnames, such as Hersekhara, Zardari, Zhangjiashi, Zhang Jinshi, Zakuta and Aiyi, have all changed their surnames to Zhang.
In which dynasty did the hundred family names "Zhang" originate? Zhang is one of the most popular names in China, with a population of nearly 1 100 million. Zhang's ancestor in China was Bo Gong. Huigong's surname is Diqiu (now Puyang, Henan), which is the earliest ancestral home of Zhang's ancestors. Zhang's surname originated in Puyang, and other places can only be Xizhi.
I. Historical Records and Pedigree Basis
We looked up the records about Zhang's ancestor, and there were as many as 17 kinds in the book. "Poetry" Day: "Wave like a bow and seek enemies." This is the earliest record of waving. Historical records? Chronicle of the Five Emperors: "The Yellow Emperor lived in the hill of Xuanyuan and married the daughter of Xiling for Lei Zu. Lei Zu, the princess of the Yellow Emperor, gave birth to two sons. After the world: one day for Qingyang, Qingyang settled in the river; The second day is prosperous, like water flowing. Changyi married the daughter of Shushan and the servant of Richang, and gave birth to Levin, who was virtuous. When the Yellow Emperor collapsed, Levin, the son of Sun Changyi, was buried in Qiao Shan as Emperor Zhuan Xu. " Don? Yuan He's Compilation said: Qingyang, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, was born and lingering, so he made bows and arrows and worshipped arc stars because of his surname Zhang. "Song? Ouyang Xiu's New Tang Book? Prime Minister's lineage table: "Zhang surnamed Ji, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor Qingyang, wielded a bow and arrow, and later generations gave him the surname Zhang. "Qing? Reconstruction of Zhang's genealogy during Qianlong period? Textual research on the origin of surnames: "Zhang was born in Xuanyuan Huangdi and Wujin Tian, also known as Qingyang. Wuzi waved his bow and arrow, and went to Gong Zheng as an official. He worshipped Arc Star and took charge of his post, giving him the surname Zhang. "
As can be seen from the above documents, "Hua" is the ancestor of Zhang's surname, which is undoubtedly true in other historical books, but the Tongzhi written in the Song Dynasty thinks that Xie Zhang is the ancestor of Zhang's surname. However, Yao is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor or the son of the Yellow Emperor; Swing is the son of Qingyang family of Xuantao or Qingyang family of Shao Hao, but there are differences. We believe that Hua is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the son of Qingyang. There are two reasons: ① Mandarin? Sun: "The Yellow Emperor has twenty-five sons and fourteen surnames, namely, Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Zhen, Ren, Xun, Gu, Xian and Yi. "(two of them have the same surname as Ji, and two have their own surnames). Historical records? Five emperors? Notes, history books, Li Ji and other documents have the same records. Among the twelve surnames obtained by the son of the Yellow Emperor, there is no Zhang surname, indicating that Zhang surname is not given by the Yellow Emperor, nor is it the son of the Yellow Emperor, but the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and he is an uncle and a contemporary with Emperor Zhuan Xu. (2) A famous contemporary ethnologist, Mr. He Guangyue, verified that Jintian, Shao Hao, was born in Dongyi and was not descended from Qingyang, the Yellow Emperor. It also ruled out that Shao Hao was the son of the Yellow Emperor, and it was more credible to be the son of Qingyang.
However, the question of "son or grandson of the Yellow Emperor" has been debated for thousands of years in history, and each has its own important literature basis; It is normal that the history books of later generations are inconsistent and controversial, because he lived in the era of ancient legends. Therefore, our attitude is: the two views should respect each other, tolerate each other, seek common ground while reserving differences, and no one can force anyone to change the genealogy. We believe that with the passage of time and the in-depth study of surname culture, the understanding will gradually be unified.
Where did the surname "Zhang" originate? The origin of Zhang's surname,
1, from the Yellow Emperor. New Tang book? The prime minister's lineage table ""Chronicle? Brief introduction of clan
2, from the descendants of the Yellow Emperor Ji surname. "Comrade? Brief introduction of clan
3, from the given surname or his surname, his family changed his surname. History and geography reading summary
4. All other surnames are Zhang. Reflection? Wei Zhi "
Zhang's origin
Zhang is one of the most popular surnames in China. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "Zhang Wang, Li Zhao and Liu are everywhere", and Zhang ranks first. Contemporary, according to the census, Zhang's population at home and abroad exceeds
Billion, slightly less than Li He, is the third largest surname in China.
About the origin of Zhang's surname, there are many records in historical books of past dynasties, and most of them are masterpieces of everyone. Among them, The Book of the World (Qin Jiamo's Supplement) was written by historians during the Warring States Period.
He said: "Zhang, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, was born in Qingyang. He stood upright as a bow, made bows and arrows by observing the arc stars, and worshipped the arc stars because of his surname Zhang." Lin Bao, a historian of the Tang Dynasty, served Tang Xian.
On the basis of "poor research on old history" and "detailed genealogy", Zhao Zong wrote Yuan He Shi Bian. The book's account of the origin of Zhang surname and Shi Ben
Exactly the same. In addition, the New Tang Book written by Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty? Prime minister lineage table, surname of Southern Song Dynasty, surname of Deng in Southern Song Dynasty.
Dialectics of Books, zhangjiapu Reconstructed by Qing Dynasty? Textual research on the origin of surnames. These history books are basically the same as those in Shiben and Yuanhe Surname Compilation.
Consistent. The description of the origin of Zhang's surname in Shiben Yuanhe's Compilation of Surnames accords with the historical reality and clarifies three major problems: First, it clarifies the origin of Zhang's surname.
The ancestor is Lang: the second is to clarify the life experience of Lang, who is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the son of Qingyang; Third, it is clear that the fundamental reason for winning the surname is that "bows and arrows are made by watching arc stars."
Historians of past dynasties have the same understanding of Zhang's ancestor Hui. Only Zheng Qiao, a historian of the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote in "Tongzhi? Three clans put forward "Zhang's ancestor"
Xie Zhang said. "He said," according to the state of Jin, there is a word. Since then, there has been a Zhang in the state of Jin, undoubtedly because of the word "Zhang". "Zhang Zhang is located in where?
The era is in the Spring and Autumn Period. As early as the West Zhou Xuanwang era, there was a man named Zhong Zhang, who was famous for his filial piety to his parents. The Book of Songs? Xiaoya? Chen Qi said, "Who is outside the customs, Zhang?
Zhong Xiaoyou "is to praise him. Therefore, the theory that "Zhang's ancestors explained Zhang" is not "not suspicious", but simply cannot be established! About waving as the "Yellow Emperor"
The description of Sun Tzu and the Son of Qingyang, referring to ancient and modern historical books, is quite controversial, but many people hold this view. Zuo Qiuming, a historian in the Spring and Autumn Period, wrote Mandarin? Jin Yu said:
"Twenty-five sons of the Yellow Emperor, surnamed fourteen, are twelve surnames (both are Ji surnames and two are their surnames), Ji, Ji, You, Qi, Teng, Zhen, Ren,
Xun, Nuo, Yi, Yi also. Mandarin is one of the oldest history books in China. The description of the surname of the son of the Yellow Emperor in Guoyu is us.
The earliest classical records that can be seen now are quite authoritative. As can be seen from this account, among the twelve surnames obtained by the son of the Yellow Emperor, there is no Zhang surname, which has actually been ruled out.
As the son of the Yellow Emperor, he naturally admitted that he was the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and ruled out the theory that Zhang was the surname given by the Yellow Emperor. Because. The fundamental reason for waving surname is his first name.
Making bows and arrows was indeed a great invention at that time. As the son of the Yellow Emperor, it is impossible not to praise his great contribution.
Yes On being the son of Qingyang, most historians of past dynasties have the same understanding. Only Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty wrote The Book of the New Tang Dynasty? The pedigree of prime ministers in Southern Song Dynasty and Wang Yinglin
It is inappropriate to add the word "Shao Hao" before Qingyang. Because, at that time, there were two Qingyang, one was Qingyang in Xiao Xuan, and the other was Qing in Shao Hao.
Yang. According to the research results of contemporary national history, Shao Hao is Dongyi, not the blood of the Yellow Emperor, and his lingering father can only be Qingyang, Xiao Xuan.
Mr. He Guangyue, a contemporary scholar of ethnic origin, expounded "the son of Qingyang family of Huawei", which provided an important basis for studying the ethnic origin of Zhang. Famous family history
After years of research and textual research, expert Mr. Xie confirmed that Zhang's surname originated in Puyang. According to his research results, Henan Dongyang Film and Television Company was named Zhang in 1992.
Originated in Puyang, he filmed the first episode of China Baijia surname series "The Origin of Zhang", which was broadcast on domestic and foreign TV stations such as Henan TV Station and CCTV.
Caused widespread concern. 1994 Mr. Xie published an academic article that Zhang's surname originated in Puyang in European Times and Henan TV News. 1994 and
1995, the people of Puyang city and county held two academic seminars on the origin of Zhang. Attending scholars Zhu Shaohou, Zhou, Changyuan Chen and Xie Jun.
Xiang, Cheng Youwei, Wang Daliang and others have published a large number of insightful academic papers and reached a consensus that Zhang originated in Puyang. After the meeting, Puyang Zhang
......& gt& gt
There are three main sources of Zhang:
First, from the Yellow Emperor, waving is the ancestor.
According to New Tang Book? The genealogy of the Prime Minister shows: "Five sons of Qingyang, the son of the Yellow Emperor, wielded bows and arrows, and later generations gave him the surname Zhang." This Zhang clan was directly handed down by the Yellow Emperor, which originated in Qingyang near Jinci in the southwest of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, and later in this area.
Zhang surname is an ancient surname, which originated from a distant legendary era. It is said that Zhang's ancestor's name was Hua. He is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor (the son of the Yellow Emperor) and a great inventor. He invented the bow and arrow and the net. Bows and arrows and nets, as new production tools at that time, enabled people to hunt more birds and animals, catch more fish and shrimp, and reduce the harm of wild animals to themselves. The clan and tribe to which Bo belongs have produced bows and arrows and fishing nets for generations, so his descendants take "Zhang" as their surname.
The Yellow Emperor is Zhang's recognized blood ancestor and the leader of the Chinese tribal alliance in the ancient legend era. He ruled the world with virtue, benevolence, faith, selecting talents and appointing talents, and severely punishing stubborn killers, creating a prosperous time of singing and dancing.
According to The Emperor's Century, the Yellow Emperor was born because his mother had a treasure attached to her. "(The Yellow Emperor) was born in Shouqiu, Jishui, Dede, Bear, and lives in the hill of Xuanyuan, so he thought it was a name because he was pregnant for 24 months." Based on this, later generations deduced two kinds of legends.
One legend is that the Yellow Emperor was born when the Emperor of Heaven came down to earth. At that time, it was the Shennong era. Uncle Shennong has a son named Shaodian, who is the monarch of Xiongguo (in Xinzheng County, Henan Province). At that time, Shaodian clan was intermarrying with Youqiao clan. So Shaodian married Fu Bao, the daughter of the F family. One day, Shao Dian and Fu Bao went to work in the fields with wooden stakes. As they walked, it suddenly became dark and the sky was full of stars, just like at night. At this moment, Fu Bao looked up and saw a shining lightning revolving around the Big Dipper from time to time like a snake. In an instant, the field was covered with rich green light. Soon, Fu Bao only felt something move suddenly in her stomach, which scared her to make a hullabaloo about. Shaodian hurried back to ask questions, but she said nothing. After that, Fu Bao got pregnant. From the day of pregnancy, 24 months later, that is, one day in the third year, Fu Bao gave birth to a boy in Xuanyuan Mountain, northwest of Xinzheng (in Qufu, Shandong). Because I was born in Xuanyuan, I named my child Xuanyuan. Legend has it that Xuanyuan is born to talk and is very elf. When he was a child, he saw someone building a house on a tree and said, "Building a house on a tree is neither convenient nor safe. Wouldn't it be better to build a house on the ground? " Soon, Shennong heard about this view of the Yellow Emperor, which greatly disappointed him. So the Yellow Emperor built a house on the ground for him to see, and Shennong was convinced.
Another legend is that Fu Bao and Shao Dian moved to Shouqiu in Qufu, Shandong Province shortly after they got married. One early winter night, Attached Bao went to the suburbs for a walk alone. She looked up at the starry sky and was homesick. Suddenly, a silver-white lightning appeared in the sky, turned around the pivot star in the Big Dipper several times, and then quickly disappeared from the sky to the ground. At this time, the surprised attached treasure suddenly felt a strange feeling on her. After a while, she realized that she was pregnant by lightning. Then, 24 months later, one day in the winter of the third year, the Yellow Emperor was born in Shouqiu. The newly born Yellow Emperor has a raised forehead, shaped like the sun, and a dragon's face. Its hands and feet are also like the claws and toes of a dragon. Stranger still, the Yellow Emperor has four faces. It is said that the Yellow Emperor can look around anytime and anywhere, listen to all directions, observe and understand everything, so as to better cooperate with the camera. The Yellow Emperor was born babbling and could walk soon. He left Shouqiu at the age of ten, studied under his teacher, and traveled around famous mountains and rivers.
Huangdi lived in the primitive clan commune era. At that time, the social structure of China was represented by clans-tribes composed of several clans-tribal alliances composed of several tribes. Clans, tribes and tribal alliances often have wars for their own interests. At first, the Yellow Emperor was only the leader of the tribe named Ji. In the long-term campaign, he gradually established his prestige, and finally completed the rule of other tribes and sat on the throne of the tribal alliance leader.
The wars with Emperor Yan, Chiyou and Xingtian were three milestones of Huangdi's road to leadership. According to the literature, Huang Heyan is a brother. Today: "In the past, Shaodian married Youjiao and gave birth to Huangdi and Yan Di. The Yellow Emperor took Ji as his concubine ... >>