Why did the Renaissance originate in Italy?

It is no accident that the Renaissance first appeared in Italy, because Italy has more favorable conditions than other European countries. First, the capitalist "x0d" first appeared in Italy. The rise of medieval cities in Western Europe mostly began in the late 10 century, especially in the10/century, while some cities in Italy, especially those linked to East-West trade, had already risen as early as the 8th century. /kloc-in the 20th century, due to the increasingly developed commodity economy, a large number of prosperous industrial and commercial cities such as Lavaine, Padova, Vitone, Corfu, Milan, Genoa, Venice and Florence emerged in northern Italy. /kloc-in the 0/4th century, large cities with more than 5,000 people in western Europe accounted for less than 5% of the total number of cities, and the largest cities were mostly in Italy. The populations of Milan, Venice, Naples, Florence, Bologna, Rome and Genoa are all as high as 50,000, and the emergence of capitalism is marked by the emergence of handicraft workshops. /kloc-at the beginning of the 0/4th century, many Italian cities and countries were very developed in commerce and handicrafts. In Florence, there are more than 200 manual workshops specializing in the production of woolen cloth, with about 30,000 employees, and more than 100,000 pieces of woolen cloth are woven every year. In addition, there are fur industry, silk industry, medicine industry and so on. , mostly capitalist enterprises. Economic prosperity provides a solid material foundation for the development of literature and art. The development of handicraft workshops and commerce also promoted the formation of the new bourgeoisie. The essence of the bourgeoisie is the pursuit of profit, but the core of Christianity is "original sin" and "soul redemption", which advocates abstinence and living a poor and single life. Obviously, the bourgeoisie can't accept such bondage and is eager to break the bondage of feudal theology, so it will naturally support humanists with innovative consciousness. Humanists, supported by the solid economic foundation and the emerging bourgeoisie, constantly create works with innovative spirit and critical consciousness. \x0d\ Second, the decline of the power of the Italian church. 13 and 14 centuries, the power of the French king gradually expanded, and the policy of political control and economic deprivation was gradually implemented for the French church. King Philip IV of France began to levy taxes on the church and sent people to Italy to imprison Pope Benifas VIII, who had a fierce conflict with the French king. 1the new pope elected in 305 is French. He announced the cancellation of all accusations made by Buniface against the French king, and according to avignon, who is near the French border, seven successive popes, including him, were puppets under the control of the French king. They all lived in avignon for more than 70 years, and were called "prisoners of avignon" in history. Therefore, the pope's ideological control is greatly relaxed than before, creating a better environment for humanists to give full play to their thoughts. \x0d\ III。 Political division in Italy. Italy has not formed a unified centralized country for a long time, with serious domestic divisions, numerous city-states and city alliances, frequent wars and disputes between them (similar to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China), fierce struggles among monarchies, nobles and civilians within the city-states, and no strict ideological control as in the traditional feudal society in China, so political divisions provide a relaxed political atmosphere for humanists' creation. \ x0d \ x0d \ Fourth, the formation of the citizen class. The prosperity of Italian industry and commerce led to the formation of the civil class. 1293, Florence gained autonomy, and seven guilds in this city took control of the municipal government, initially eradicating the feudal aristocratic forces. The promulgation of the justice regulations formulated by the upper class citizens established the rule of big businessmen over cities and countries, and formed bourgeois cities and countries. From 13 to 14, the citizens in northern Italy basically mastered the political power of the city-state. As a relatively independent political force, the citizen class was formally formed. In order to oppose the oppression of feudal aristocratic forces and gain greater political and economic benefits, the wealthy citizens actively supported humanists in their creation, thus forming an ideological system conducive to the development of capitalism. Comfortable life, excellent creative opportunities and conditions, high-level social interaction, relaxed civil society environment and admiration for works are all conducive to humanists to create excellent works. \ x0d \ v. Inheritance of civilization. The splendid civilization of ancient Greece and Rome is the cultural basis that the Renaissance originated in Italy. Italy has preserved and absorbed a great deal of classical cultural heritage. The spirit of freedom and democracy in ancient Greece was highly praised by humanists, while the laws of ancient Rome had a great influence on the bourgeois laws in the Renaissance. At the same time, Italians are keen on collecting ancient Greek and Roman cultural relics and books. The citizens' demand for classical manuscripts can not be simply attributed to vanity in decoration and artistry, but more importantly, through purchasing, translating and studying classical books and manuscripts. Furthermore, it absorbs all kinds of cultural factors that are in line with the real secular life from classical culture, and even transfers, refines or absorbs them, which makes the Renaissance put on the cloak of "reviving classical culture" under the banner of cultural retro, thus forming a unique cultural atmosphere. These ancient Greek and Roman cultures rooted in Italy were accepted and utilized by local Italians. Humanists, under the banner of reviving ancient Greek and Roman culture, publicized their ideas and attacked the church and feudal rulers. \x0d\ VI。 The communication between eastern and western civilizations. The original origin of European civilization is Hebrew civilization and Greek civilization, and Greek civilization is greatly influenced by the two river basins. This is not only because the civilization of the two river basins is more advanced than that of ancient Greece, but also because of geographical reasons: ancient Greece is closer to the two river basins than other places in Europe, and the transportation is more convenient, so the exchanges between the two civilizations are more frequent. In the Middle Ages, the Latin translations of Arabic works imported from Sicily through various channels brought the knowledge, ideas and thoughts of the orientals to the Italians. Papermaking invented by China spread from Central Asia to Italy via Egypt and Sicily, which promoted the spread of humanism. The descriptions of oriental civilization in Marco Polo's Travels and Adolik's Travels by Kyle Polo and Adolik have broadened the horizons of Italians. It is helpful for citizens and even the whole society to understand and absorb oriental culture.