This system is formulated in accordance with relevant laws, regulations and provisions such as the Construction Law, the Law on Work Safety and the Regulations on the Administration of Work Safety in Construction Projects. The system of mass prevention and mass treatment is a system to prevent and control casualties in construction production, give full play to the enthusiasm of workers and trade unions, and strengthen supervision and inspection of the masses and trade unions. It is a system for the broad masses of workers to prevent and control safety.
First, prevention and treatment mainly include the following aspects.
1. In terms of the work pattern of safety in production, China should build a work pattern of safety in production that the whole society pays close attention to, and strive to build a work pattern of "unified leadership of the government, supervision by departments according to law, overall responsibility of enterprises, participation of the masses in supervision, and wide support from the whole society", and effectively combine them to do a good job in safety in production.
2. In terms of system: organically combine the national guidelines, laws, regulations and policies related to production safety with the specific rules and regulations of enterprises to ensure that the national guidelines and policies are implemented.
3. From the perspective of the responsible party of the construction project and other relevant units, ensure the safe production of the construction project and assume the safety responsibilities of all parties according to law.
4. Internally, enterprises (especially construction units) should combine administrative means with political and ideological, economic, technical, educational, disciplinary and trade union supervision measures to implement comprehensive safety control and management.
5. In the aspect of safety production management elements: strengthen the comprehensive application and scientific research of people, things (machinery and things), environment and management means, carry out effective system governance and system control, completely liberate people from the harm of unsafe factors, and change static management into dynamic management.
Second, the specific content of group prevention and treatment
Safety production management can not be carried out by one person or one department alone, but must be carried out by all employees, with comprehensive planning, comprehensive analysis, comprehensive control and prevention, reflecting all employees (everyone is responsible, everyone participates in safety management, everyone cares about and attaches importance to safety), the whole process (from planning, design, construction preparation to ending, even updating and scrapping, safety management is carried out at each stage), and all (as long as there are production and work places) are modern and comprehensive safety management. Group prevention and treatment system is one of the effective means to further implement the responsibility system for safety production and carry out comprehensive safety management. Its specific contents are as follows:
1. China strives to build a work pattern of "unified leadership by the government, supervision by departments according to law, overall responsibility of enterprises, participation of the masses in supervision, and broad support from the whole society".
(1) The unified leadership of the government refers to the comprehensive and professional management of the safety production of construction projects by relevant departments in the State Council and local people's governments at or above the county level. Mainly to supervise the implementation of relevant national laws, regulations and policies, and to prevent and correct violations of laws, regulations and policies.
(2) Department supervision according to law refers to the construction administrative departments at all levels to organize the implementation of national laws, regulations, principles and policies. Formulating the rules, regulations and standards of the construction industry according to law, planning, organizing, supervising, inspecting and evaluating the safety production in the construction industry, and guiding enterprises to do a good job in safety production.
(3) full responsibility of the enterprise. For the construction industry, it not only means that the main person in charge of the construction unit is fully responsible for the safety production of the unit according to law, but also includes the construction unit, survey unit, design unit, engineering supervision unit and other units related to the safety production of construction projects. We must abide by the provisions of laws and regulations on safety in production, ensure the safety in production of construction projects, and bear the responsibility for safety in production of construction projects according to law. All relevant units must resolutely implement national laws, regulations, principles and policies, and establish and maintain a safety production management system.
(4) Mass participation in supervision refers to the responsibility of mass organizations and individual workers for the safety production of construction projects. Trade unions are the main organizations representing the masses. Trade unions have the right to put forward opinions, resist phenomena that endanger the health and safety of employees, and also have the right to sue. Trade unions are also responsible for educating workers to abide by rules and regulations. Mass supervision is bottom-up supervision, and it is a supplement to industry management and state supervision. Mass supervision is helpful to establish the safety culture of enterprises and form a situation in which everyone is responsible for safety production. It is a safety management force that cannot be ignored outside professional management.
(5) The extensive support of the whole society refers to raising the safety awareness of the whole society and forming a good atmosphere of "paying attention to safety and caring for life" in the whole society. To do a good job in building safety management and improve the safety management level of the construction industry, relying on the construction administrative department to carry out the work is obviously a bit inadequate. The reform of safety production management of construction projects must be widely participated by the government and all walks of life, supported by policies, laws, environment and other aspects, that is, through the joint efforts of the whole society, the safety awareness will be improved, the preventive ability will be enhanced, and accidents will be greatly reduced, thus laying a solid foundation for the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of China's economy and society.
2. The safety responsibility of the construction unit
(1) The construction unit shall provide the construction unit with underground pipeline information such as water supply, drainage, power supply, gas supply, heating, communication, radio and television, meteorological and hydrological observation data, and relevant information of adjacent buildings, structures and underground works, and ensure the truthfulness, accuracy and completeness of the information.
When the construction unit needs to inquire the information specified in the preceding paragraph from the relevant departments or units due to the construction project, the relevant departments or units shall provide it in time.
(two) the construction unit shall not put forward requirements that do not meet the requirements of laws, regulations and mandatory standards for safety in production of construction projects for survey, design, construction, project supervision and other units, and shall not shorten the construction period agreed in the contract.
(3) When preparing the project budget, the construction unit shall determine the safe working environment of the construction project and the cost of safety construction measures.
(4) The construction unit shall not explicitly or implicitly purchase, lease or use safety protection appliances, machinery and equipment, construction tools and accessories, fire control facilities and equipment that do not meet the requirements of safe construction.
(five) when applying for a construction permit, the construction unit shall provide information on the safety construction measures of the construction project.
For a construction project with a legally approved commencement report, the construction unit shall, within 5 days from the date of approval of the commencement report, report the measures to ensure safe construction to the construction administrative department of the local people's government at or above the county level or other relevant departments for the record.
(six) the construction unit shall contract the demolition project to a construction unit with corresponding qualification grade.
The construction unit shall submit the following materials to the construction administrative department of the local people's government at or above the county level or other relevant departments for the record before the demolition project starts 15:
1) qualification grade certificate of the construction unit;
2) Description of the buildings and structures to be demolished and the adjacent buildings that may be endangered;
3) Demolition of the construction organization plan;
4) Measures for stacking and removing wastes.
The implementation of blasting operations shall comply with the provisions of the state on the management of civil explosives.
3 survey, design and other related units of production safety responsibility.
(1) The survey unit shall conduct survey in accordance with laws and regulations and mandatory standards for engineering construction, and the survey documents provided shall be true and accurate to meet the needs of safe production of construction projects.
The survey unit shall strictly implement the operation rules and take measures to ensure the safety of all kinds of pipelines, facilities and surrounding buildings and structures during the survey operation.
(2) The design unit shall design in accordance with laws, regulations and mandatory standards for engineering construction to prevent production safety accidents caused by unreasonable design.
The design unit shall consider the needs of safe operation and protection of construction, indicate the key parts and links involved in construction safety in the design documents, and put forward guidance on preventing production safety accidents.
For construction projects with new structures, new materials and new processes and construction projects with special structures, the design unit shall put forward measures and suggestions to ensure the safety of construction personnel and prevent production safety accidents in the design.
Design units, registered architects and other registered practitioners shall be responsible for their design.
(3) Units that provide mechanical equipment and accessories for construction projects shall be equipped with relevant safety facilities and devices such as insurance and limit in accordance with the requirements of safe construction.
(4) Leased machinery and equipment, construction machinery and accessories shall have production (manufacturing) licenses and product certificates.
The leasing unit shall test the safety performance of the leased machinery and equipment, construction machines and accessories, and issue a certificate of inspection qualification when signing the lease agreement.
It is forbidden to rent unqualified mechanical equipment and construction machines and accessories.
(5) The installation and dismantling of construction hoisting machinery on the construction site and the overall hoisting of jack-up erection facilities such as scaffolding and formwork must be undertaken by units with corresponding qualifications.
For the installation and disassembly of jack-up erection facilities such as construction hoisting machinery, integral lifting scaffolding and formwork, the disassembly scheme and safety construction measures shall be formulated, and professional and technical personnel shall be on site to supervise.
After the installation of jack-up erection facilities such as construction hoisting machinery, integral lifting scaffolding and formwork is completed, the installation unit shall conduct self-inspection, issue a self-inspection certificate, explain the safe use to the construction unit, go through the acceptance formalities and sign it.
(6) If the use of jack-up erection facilities, such as construction cranes, integral lifting scaffolding and formwork, reaches the inspection and testing cycle stipulated by the state, it must be tested by an inspection and testing institution with professional qualifications. If the test is unqualified, it shall not continue to be used.
(7) The inspection and testing institution shall issue safety certificates for jack-up erection facilities such as construction hoisting machinery, integral lifting scaffolding and formwork that have passed the inspection, and be responsible for the inspection results.
4. Safety responsibility of engineering supervision unit
(1) In the construction stage, the engineering supervision unit shall patrol and inspect the safety production situation on the construction site, and notify the construction unit in writing of all kinds of safety accidents found, and urge them to make immediate rectification; If the situation is serious, the supervision unit shall promptly issue a work stoppage order, requiring the construction unit to stop work for rectification and report to the construction unit at the same time. After the hidden dangers in production safety are eliminated, the supervision unit shall check the rectification results and sign the review or return to work opinions. If the construction unit refuses to make rectification or fails to stop work for rectification, the supervision unit shall promptly report to the competent department of construction or industry where the project is located. If a telephone report is made, there shall be a call record, and a written report shall be supplemented in time. Inspection, rectification, review and report shall be recorded in the supervision log and monthly supervision report.
(2) The legal representative of the supervision unit is responsible for the safety supervision of the project supervised by this enterprise. The chief supervision engineer is responsible for the safety supervision of this project, and defines the safety supervision responsibilities of supervisors according to the characteristics of the project.
(three) the project supervision unit and supervision engineer shall carry out supervision in accordance with laws, regulations, mandatory standards for engineering construction and supervision entrustment contracts, and bear the supervision responsibility for the safe production of construction projects. Its specific contents include:
—— Main contents of safety supervision in construction preparation stage:
1) the supervision unit shall, in accordance with the regulations on the administration of production safety in construction projects, the mandatory standards for construction projects, the norms for supervision of construction projects (GB503 19-2000) and the requirements of supervision norms in related industries, prepare a project supervision plan including safety supervision contents, and define the scope, contents, working procedures and institutional measures of safety supervision, as well as the staffing plan.
2) For the medium-sized and above projects and dangerous subdivisional projects specified in Article 26 of the Regulations on the Administration of Safety in Production of Construction Projects, the supervision unit shall prepare detailed rules for the implementation of supervision. The detailed rules for implementation shall specify the methods, measures and control points of safety supervision, as well as the inspection scheme for safety technical measures of the construction unit.
3) Review whether the safety technical measures in the construction organization design prepared by the construction unit and the safety special construction scheme of the partial projects with greater risk meet the requirements of mandatory standards for engineering construction.
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