The first paragraph is the first part, explaining the writing background and reasons.
The second part is 2 to 4 natural paragraphs, which is the main body of the full text, writing a panoramic view of Dongting Lake, and putting forward the question of "observing things, there is no wonder".
The third part is the fifth natural paragraph of the article, which expresses the author's expanding mind and political ambition and is the core of the full text.
The Story of Yueyang Tower is an essay written by Fan Zhongyan, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, on September 15th, six years (1046 65438+ 10/7) at the request of Teng Zijing, a good friend of Baling County, to rebuild Yueyang Tower. By writing about the scenery of Yueyang Tower and the different feelings brought by rainy days and sunny days, the article reveals the benevolent heart of the ancients who "don't like things, don't grieve for themselves", and also expresses his patriotic feelings of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later".
The article goes beyond the narrow scope of simply writing about mountains and rivers, and combines the gloomy changes of nature, the lack of rain and shine, and the "feeling of seeing things" of "moving poets", thus focusing on discussing political ideals and expanding the realm of the article. Full-text narration, scenery description, lyricism and discussion are integrated, and the combination of static and dynamic, contrast between light and dark, concise words and harmonious syllables make it an innovation of miscellaneous notes to compare scenes with couplets.
Extended data:
The Story of Yueyang Tower has 368 words and six paragraphs.
At the beginning of the article, come straight to the point and describe the origin of the matter. Starting from the time of "Four Years of Li Youth", the style is elegant and straight; Saying that Teng was "living in exile" is a metaphor for the ups and downs of his official career, which laid the foundation for his later lyricism. The following four words are only used to write Teng's political achievements, which leads to the reconstruction of Yueyang Tower, which is the introduction of the full text.
In the second paragraph, the style of writing is exciting and the words are passionate. First of all, I always say "Baling wins, in Dongting Lake", and set the following range of scenery. The following words "Take the distant mountains and swallow the Yangtze River" describe the spectacular Dongting Lake. A title and a swallow are very imposing. "Hao Tang Tang, the sea is vast and the sky is vast", which means that the water waves are magnificent; "It's sunny and sunny in the morning, and the weather is full", which is simple and vivid. The first four sentences describe the spectacular scene of Dongting Lake from the perspective of space, and the last two sentences describe the spectacular scene of Dongting Lake from the perspective of time.
The sentence "what predecessors have said is ready" is a link between the past and the future, and responds to the previous sentence "Tang Xian's modern poems". This sentence is not only modest, but also implies a turning point. After a change of "natural principle", a new artistic conception is introduced, from simply writing scenery to writing the "feeling of seeing things" of "moving poet" in a way of blending scenes, thus forming the main body of the full text.
The third paragraph and the fourth paragraph are two parallel paragraphs, one sad and one happy, one dark and one bright, like two different emotional streams, which convey two diametrically opposite life situations in which scenery and emotions are mutually induced.
The third paragraph, people who are sad when writing things. Starting with "Ruofu" is very meaningful. This is a controversial word, but it also shows the emotional appeal of virtuality, which is the condensation, refinement and sublimation of countless realities and is quite typical. "Ruofu" describes a sad situation below, from bad weather to people's inner sadness.
Here are four-word short sentences, which are rendered layer by layer and described step by step. Rain, evil wind and turbid waves constitute the main scene, which makes the sun, moon and stars dim and makes business travel stagnate; Or in the twilight, when tigers roar and apes cry, the former "immigrant poets" have the generosity of "going to the countryside to miss their hometown", the fear of "worrying but afraid of ridicule" and the feeling of "feeling extremely sad"
The fourth paragraph is happy to write things. Under the leadership of "Zhiruo", a sunny picture was opened. "If" is also an enumerated tone, but it has become loud in syllables and lively and powerful in style. The following description, although still a short sentence of four words, is one of the changes in tone, depicting the beautiful scenery of the spring breeze, with beautiful scenery and clear water. More seagulls are flying freely, fish are wandering happily, and even ignorant aquatic plants and orchids are full of vitality.
With extremely concise pen and ink, the author painted a spring color picture of lake light, which seemed to be in front of him. It is worth noting that the sentence pattern and rhythm of this paragraph are similar to those of the previous paragraph, but there are other changes. The sentence of "harmony or" further expands the artistic conception, strengthens the meaning of repetition, and pushes the atmosphere of "jubilation" to a climax, while the state of mind of "climbing high and looking far" has become detached from "forgetting humiliation" and "putting wine in the wind".
The fifth paragraph is the focus of the whole article, starting with "Jifu", which is both lyrical and argumentative. After listing the two situations of sadness and joy, the author's writing immediately stirred up, revealing a higher ideal beyond the two situations, that is, "don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself." Being touched by things is human nature, but it is not the highest state of being a man. In ancient times, benevolent people were determined and did not waver because of changes in external conditions.
Whether it is "living in the temple" or "traveling in the rivers and lakes", the heart of worrying about the country and the people will not change. "I am also worried about entering, and I am also worried about retreating." This seems counterintuitive and somewhat incredible. In this regard, the author drew up a question and answer, and issued an oath of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" under the guise of the words of ancient saints. The end of the song is elegant and points out the main idea of the whole article. "alas! "Wes, who are we going home with? "Sad and generous, let a person feel sorry. Note the writing time at the end of the article and coordinate with the beginning of the article.
This article shows that although the author lives in rivers and lakes, cares about the country and the people and is persecuted, he still does not give up his indomitable will. At the same time, it is also an encouragement and comfort to his demoted comrades. Yueyang Tower is famous for its lofty ideological realm. Ouyang Xiu, another contemporary writer, said in an inscription written for him that he was interested in the world since he was a child, and he often recited to himself: "A scholar should worry about the world first, and enjoy the world afterwards."
It can be seen that Fan Zhongyan's life code of conduct is "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" mentioned at the end of Yueyang Tower. Mencius said, "Being rich is good for the world, and being poor is good for the world." This has become the creed of many literati in feudal times. When Fan Zhongyan wrote this article, he was demoted from his official position and "stayed away from the rivers and lakes" from now on. He could have taken an independent attitude and ended up in leisure and happiness, but he put forward the principle that an upright scholar-bureaucrat should stand firm and do his own thing well, and thought that personal honor and disgrace promotion could not be ignored.
"Don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself" and "worry about the worries of the world first, and be happy with the joy of the world later", which are valuable things to encourage yourself and your friends. The spirit embodied in these two sentences, the quality of suffering first and pleasure second, is undoubtedly instructive.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Yueyang tower