The development of tourism and economic progress have promoted the prosperity of civil aviation. With the increasing daily passenger throughput of the airport, the construction of the airport terminal is imperative. When designing a terminal building, the design requirements it faces are different from the general architectural design. Based on this, it is necessary to design the terminal scientifically on the basis of clarifying the characteristics and influencing factors of the terminal design to ensure the rationality of the terminal design. From this point of view, the research on the architectural design of airport terminal building in this paper has very important practical significance.
1 Architectural design of airport terminal building
1. 1 design features
In a sense, the terminal represents the external image of the airport. Therefore, the terminal needs to have outstanding features to increase people's impression of the airport air show building, and at the same time benefit the users of the terminal, such as passengers, employees, airlines and so on. The building function of the terminal building is very complex. In the process of architectural design, designers are required to have excellent organization, logic and resources, and fuzziness and confusion are not allowed. In the architectural design description, the various functions of the terminal must be clearly explained in detail. The main service target of the terminal is passengers. In the design, patients should be prevented from feeling depressed and blind after entering the terminal. The internal environment of the terminal building is required to be quiet, the space is clearly divided, and each area has a function description and a regional guide map.
Specifically, the architectural design features of the terminal are mainly reflected in two aspects: First, internal changes and external development will have a certain impact on the terminal. In the design process, the terminal should be coordinated with it. Based on this, flexibility is a necessary feature in space design, and local and whole buildings should have good expansibility; Secondly, the daily passenger throughput of the airport terminal is very large. Because of the existence of terrorist organizations and drug traffickers, in order to achieve the effectiveness of control and inspection, the terminal is required to have very good security, and the isolated area and non-isolated area should be strictly distinguished.
1.2 design influencing factors
The factors affecting the architectural design of airport terminal mainly include two aspects: First, the influence of passenger flow during peak hours. In the air transport system, airports, terminals and airplanes are important components. When providing services for passengers, they influence each other and depend on each other. In the architectural design of the terminal building, the key lies in the rational layout of its functions, and the functions of the terminal building must be able to be used normally during peak hours. Therefore, the passenger flow during peak hours is a very important factor in the design.
The second is the influence of the model. In the air transport system, there are four levels: intercontinental, continental, regional and transition, and the formation distance of each level is different. For example, the formation of regional floors does not exceed 1500m, and the corresponding models are fixed in each floor. For example, the model corresponding to the intercontinental level is Boeing 747, and the architectural design of the terminal is different depending on the specific model.
2 airport terminal design method
2. 1 Scheme design stage
The brewing process of terminal design is the main content of the design stage, which mainly includes five aspects:
First, the design of process flow should adhere to the principle of simplicity, efficiency and smoothness. In the process of building design of terminal building, process design plays a fundamental role, which can improve the pertinence and scientificity of building design. When designing the process flow, designers should study the relevant information of the terminal in depth, including traffic data, airport status, urban characteristics, etc., to ensure the scientific design of the process flow.
Secondly, the general layout design has its own characteristics for airports in different cities, mainly because the economic level, topography and airport throughput are different. Therefore, in the general layout design, we should fully consider the above factors, adhere to the principle of dynamic design, and ensure the rationality of the general layout design;
Third, architectural modeling, usually, unit, whole and parallel are the main modeling of the terminal building. When determining the specific architectural shape, it should be consistent with the development history of the terminal building, incorporate the inspiration of the architectural designer, and avoid blindly exaggerating and blindly emphasizing the characteristics;
Fourthly, when designing the indoor space and terminal building space, it is necessary to be tall and unobstructed, and at the same time, it is necessary to have a sense of beauty, skillfully handle various indoor pipelines, and embody the characteristics of humanization while ensuring the space function; Fifth, energy-saving design. In recent years, the concept of green energy saving has been more and more applied in architectural design. The construction of the airport terminal should also conform to the trend of the times and incorporate energy-saving design. The energy saving of terminal building includes water saving, energy saving, land saving and material saving, while environmental protection refers to reducing environmental pollution during construction.
2.2 Preliminary design stage
This stage is the second step in the whole process of terminal drawing design, which mainly includes four aspects:
First, the investment is reasonable. The investment in airport terminal building is limited. In order to achieve the economic goal, in the design process, designers should also fully consider the investment factors to ensure that the best scheme is designed within the scope of funds.
Secondly, the rationality of professional design has defined the main aspects of terminal design in the last stage, and the realization of all aspects requires a lot of design technology and construction technology, and professional design is the basis for the realization of the above design. Therefore, in professional design, in order to ensure that the design of various technologies meets the design requirements and enhance the architectural effect, it must be reasonable;
Thirdly, the systematization of building energy-saving measures. Regarding the design of building energy-saving, there may be problems of good energy-saving effect in design but poor energy-saving effect in construction. Based on this, it is necessary to scientifically coordinate various energy-saving measures and schemes in order to truly realize the energy-saving design of buildings;
Fourthly, the performance-based demonstration of building fire protection shows that the fire protection system is an important system in the terminal building and an important guarantee for the safe operation of the terminal building. In the preliminary design stage, designers can consult specialized institutions and firefighters to ensure the accuracy of fire protection design.
2.3 Construction drawing design stage
The last link in the terminal design on the drawing is the design at this stage, including four aspects:
First, coordinate the design of professional integrated pipelines. When designing pipelines, it needs to be consistent with the indoor decoration control design scheme. The design of professional pipelines is completed by designers of various professions. During the design, it is necessary to strengthen communication with architects to ensure the rationality of pipeline design, the accuracy of construction and the aesthetics of the indoor space of the terminal building.
Secondly, the detailed design of structural nodes in each part is an essential part of the architectural design of the terminal building. When designing, the designer must complete it in great detail, including the proportion and size of various structural parts. When designing, the designer can first make a corresponding model, and make sure that the design of the nodes in the model is reasonable, and then carry out construction according to the drawings.
Third, control the design of fine interior decoration. The particularity of the terminal itself determines that the architectural design includes not only the design of architectural modeling, but also the design of indoor fine decoration. In this design, designers should control the design, scientifically control the decoration effect, and strictly control it in the construction stage to ensure that the construction decoration effect is consistent with the design decoration effect;
Fourthly, reasonable selection of curtain wall materials and metal roof index node materials. In the process of construction drawing design, designers should reasonably design on the basis of understanding the characteristics of various materials, and clearly mark all design indicators, specific models and material specifications of materials used in nodes. In the design drawings, it is beneficial to the rationality of material selection in construction and effectively ensure the construction quality.
In the process of airport terminal design, reasonable design should be carried out on the basis of comprehensive consideration of influencing factors, so as to ensure the function of the internal space area of the terminal, improve the aesthetics of the terminal design, meet the needs of architectural design, and improve the visual evaluation results of passengers on air show buildings, thus leaving a deep impression on the people in the airport terminal.
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