What are the criteria for evaluating the quality of government websites?

The government portal website is a window for the government to provide management and services to the society with the help of information technology, and it is an important part of e-government construction. How to strengthen the evaluation of government portals, establish a scientific evaluation system and solve the problems existing in the development of government portals has become a problem that cannot be ignored in the construction of e-government in China. The construction of government portal website is an important part of e-government construction, and it is also a window for the government to provide electronic management and services to the society. The construction and operation of government portal websites are directly related to the image of the government, and also affect the quality and level of management and service. Therefore, in the construction of e-government, it is very important to attach importance to the construction of government portals and improve the design, operation and management level of government portals. Although the three international evaluation standards have made great progress in the construction of government portals in China, and their role in government public management and services has begun to appear, there is still a big gap compared with foreign countries where the international community has better evaluation of e-government and the construction of government portals. At present, there are three ways for the international community to evaluate e-government. Accenture, an internationally renowned Accenture company, put forward a set of e-government evaluation index system by investigating and analyzing the government portals of some representative countries or regions in the world in 2002. The survey takes 169 items of government online services as evaluation indicators, which are divided into 9 categories, such as medical and health services and human services, justice and public safety, national fiscal revenue, education, transportation and vehicles, control and participation, procurement and postal services. Accenture divides the 23 countries and regions surveyed into four types according to the overall maturity of e-government services: first, "innovation leaders", including Canada, Singapore and the United States, all of which have an overall maturity of more than 50%; The second is "promising competitors", including Danish, German, Irish, China, Hongkong and French. , and the overall performance maturity is between 40% and 50%; The third is "continuous finishers", including Belgium, Spain, Japan and New Zealand, whose overall performance maturity is between 30% and 40%; The fourth is "platform builders", including Portugal, Brazil, South Africa, Italy, Malaysia and Mexico. Different from Accenture, Gartenr's e-government strategy evaluation system is not to compare the development level of e-government in the world horizontally, but to evaluate the effectiveness of specific e-government projects in a country. Of course, if some adjustments are made to the evaluation system, it can also be used for international comparison of e-government. Gartner mainly evaluates the effectiveness of e-government projects from three aspects, namely, the service level to citizens, operational benefits and political returns, and each category contains a series of specific parameters. For example, the service level of citizens includes a number of specific indicators: it can be seen that Gartenr's evaluation indicators are still a relatively quantitative evaluation system for e-government. In May 2002, the United Nations Bureau of Public Economics and Public Administration and the American Institute of Public Administration jointly issued a report, which investigated, studied and analyzed the e-government construction of the United Nations 190 member countries. The report calculates the "e-government index" to measure a country's e-government development level from three aspects: the current situation of government website construction, the construction of information infrastructure and the quality of human resources, and evaluates the e-government development level of 133 member countries. According to this evaluation system, the evaluated country must meet the following conditions: there is an official government website; Providing information dissemination, interactive services and online processing services; Establish websites and provide online services in five key departments: education, health care, employment, social welfare and services, and finance; Use a single portal; Can achieve the minimum goal of strategic planning, the establishment of e-government authorities. The report divides the website construction of e-government in various countries into five stages: initial stage, perfect stage, interactive stage, online transaction processing stage and seamless link, and gives the five stages of initial stage, perfect stage, interactive stage, online transaction processing stage and seamless link with numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively, so as to quantify the "current situation of government website construction" in various countries, and each stage is divided into four grades according to differences, with each interval. The specific figures come from the evaluators' investigation and analysis of relevant national websites. For example, "information infrastructure construction" includes six main indicators: the number of computers per 100 people, the number of Internet hosts per 10,000 people, the proportion of netizens in the national population, the number of telephones per 100 people, the number of mobile phones per 100 people, and the number of televisions per 1,000 people. "Quality of human resources" includes three indexes: the human development index of the United Nations Development Programme, the information provision index and the ratio of urban population to rural population. The advantage of this report is that all measured indicators can be found in public publications. However, the report does not explain the weight distribution of government website construction, information infrastructure construction and human resource quality, and the weight distribution of each sub-aspect, nor does it give a specific calculation formula. According to the international community's three evaluation criteria for e-government, China's e-government construction (including government portal website construction) should be said to be still in its infancy as a whole, even though the website construction of some developed regions or departments is not only far behind some advanced countries abroad, but also has some outstanding problems. These problems are mainly manifested in the following three aspects: First, uneven development. From a horizontal point of view, whether it is the development of e-government or the construction of government portals, on the whole, in the economically developed southeast coastal areas, e-government develops rapidly and the proportion of government portals is large, while the central and western regions are relatively backward and the proportion of government portals is small. From a vertical perspective, the e-government of governments and their departments with higher administrative levels at the central, provincial and municipal levels has developed rapidly, and the construction of portal websites is relatively perfect, while the governments or departments with lower administrative levels are relatively backward. According to the China E-government Research Report issued by Time Fortune Technology Company, the implementation rate of e-government in China is only 22.6%. This shows that there is still a big gap between China's e-government and the public's expectations in terms of practicality, completeness and substantive e-government functions. This gap is directly reflected in the government portal website. Second, the construction of government portals generally lacks effective organization and planning. This is not only reflected in the nonstandard website names and domain names of some government portals, but more importantly, the content design of government portals is also varied and lacks the minimum norms, which leads to a big gap between the homepage image of some governments and the government image. Third, a considerable number of government portals exist in name only, the information is not updated, there is no deep link, and some even become "dead nets". According to the survey and evaluation of institutions, among more than 2,500 government portal websites in China, about13 websites are difficult to open, and about13 government websites have low application value. A considerable number of websites have the phenomena of untimely information update, imperfect service functions, and no timeliness value in publishing information, and some websites even have the situation that the latest news update date is different from the reality for more than half a year. Many websites only introduce static functions and lack dynamic information exchange; Some websites have a single means of communication with users; Related links are narrow and shallow; There are also some government websites that are not closely related to their jobs and are divorced from reality. From the experience of e-government in innovative countries abroad, the development of e-government should first have a portal with perfect functions and convenient access, which is the most important window to realize various functions of e-government. If the public can't get all kinds of information and services from the government portal, it is equivalent to blocking the service channel of e-government. Take the website of the White House as an example. This website is actually the central website of all US government portals. This website has a complete list of American government websites, which can link to all the official resources that have been online in the United States. At the same time, all cabinet-level (equivalent to China ministries) websites on the White House website provide text retrieval function, and all documents and articles on these websites can be searched by keywords. All these have created conditions for the public to know all kinds of government information in time and accept the services provided by the government. I hope it helps you!