The forest of steles under Kuixing Building in the south wall of Xi is named after the forest of steles. This is an art treasure house with the earliest and most famous stone tablets in ancient China. The Forest of Steles Museum is a typical traditional temple complex in China. Its facade was rebuilt by the Confucius Temple, which was originally dedicated to Confucius. In order to show respect for this saint, the doors of Confucius Temple are divided into east and west sides, the east gate is called Ritual Gate, and the west gate is called Yilu. In the south, the main entrance is closed, named Saimen, and there is Taihe Yuan Qi Square, which was moved from Xiyue Temple in front of Huashan Mountain. Known as "the first clock in the world", the Jing Yun clock was cast in the period of Jing Yun in Tang Ruizong. It is engraved with various decorative patterns, beautifully carved and vivid, with an inscription by Tang Ruizong. On New Year's Eve, the New Year bell played by china national radio was recorded by Jingyun Bell.
The exhibition hall of the museum is symmetrically arranged from south to north with the central gate of Xingxingmen as the main axis. The first half is a temporary special exhibition room. The north of the exhibition hall with the words "Forest of Steles" engraved in the center of the central axis is the Forest of Steles exhibition room, and the west is the stone carving art room. In front of the first showroom, there is a pavilion specially built for displaying the Stone Stage Classic. In addition, many folk crafts can be found here, such as shadow play, sugar blower, dough mixing, blowing, inscription, painting and so on. Walking on this street, I seem to find the ancient charm.
Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit is located in Yanzhai Township, Lintong, at1500m east of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum. This is a huge underground military museum, known as the eighth wonder of the world. 1987 12. UNESCO has listed the Mausoleum of the First Qin Dynasty (including Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit) in the World Cultural Heritage List.
1in the spring of 974, local farmers dug up the fragments of the heads of pottery figurines from more than 2 meters underground when drilling wells, and there was a lot of discussion at one time. This accidental discovery has attracted great attention from the archaeological department, and since then it has uncovered a cultural treasure house that has been dusty for more than 2,000 years. Walking into the hall of the museum, thousands of life-size warriors are neatly arranged 5 meters underground. Bronze all over, height 1.8 to 1.97 meters. They are magnificent and daunting. There are 32 pottery horses as big as real horses. Ma Tao is a group of four horses, dragging wooden chariots. Terracotta Warriors and Horses are arranged in three rows facing east, with 70 warrior figures in each row, ***2 10, which seems to be the vanguard of the military array. Followed by infantry and chariots, a total of 38 columns, each column is about 180 meters long, which seems to be the main body of the army array. On the left and right sides, there is a horizontal team facing the north and south. Each team has about 180 soldiers, which seems to be the two wings of the army. There is a column of warriors facing west at the western end, which seems to be the guardian of the army array. Some warriors and friends wear battle robes, others wear armor, and the bronze weapons in their hands are all real objects. Well-organized, team purge. Dozens of war horses hissed with their heads held high, ready to go. The whole army is ready to go.
Tip: To go to Terracotta Warriors and Huaqing Pool, you can take Tour 5 (306) at the railway station, which is cheap, fast and has many trains. It's best not to take the bus several times a day, which will take you to some artificial attractions and shopping spots, not only limiting the time, but also killing customers miserably.
If you take a taxi to the railway station, you can only go to the west square. Cross the square in front of the railway station and you will arrive at the East Square. Many people will drag you to the Terracotta Warriors along the way. Remember to polish your eyes. When we arrived at the East Square, there were many buses with "5" signs. Someone set up a platform in front of the bus to sell tickets, which said that it was a five-day tour, and the ticket selling price was the same as that of a five-day tour, 7 yuan. Many people think it's swimming. In fact, when you get on the bus, you will find that you have been "accompanied by a group of people" The tour guide will take you to Huaqingchi, Lishan, Hongmen Banquet, Xiangwangying and the Qin Mausoleum. There were jade factories and restaurants in the middle, and finally arrived at the Terracotta Warriors, which wasted a lot of time and saw many unplanned attractions. The real Tour 5 stops in front of the ticket booth of the railway station, along with the 9 14, 9 15, Tour 1, Tour 2 and Tour 3.
After entering the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Scenic Area, there are four halls. The three are Pit 1, Pit 2 and Pit 3 of Terracotta Warriors. One is the exhibition hall, which shows the unearthed fine products and some modern terracotta warriors and horses art. Famous bronze carriages, general figures, etc. Have been transferred to this museum for collection and exhibition. At present, the excavation of Terracotta Warriors and Horses continues. In addition to most of the No.1 pit being excavated, a large area of Terracotta Warriors and Horses is still covered under the loess. Therefore, the museum's fine collection is worth a look.
Pit 1: The terracotta warriors and horses behind the exhibition hall are those waiting to be repaired. Some of them have small arms, while others have holes. They are all repaired here and then put into the exhibition pit in front. Repairing broken soldiers and figures is not easy. Pit No.2: Don't think that this is a simple pit, which is not as spectacular as Pit No.1. In fact, the soldiers and figures here are of little use. One day, if the soldiers and figurines in pit 2 "see the light of day again", it will definitely be a masterpiece. In addition, the terracotta warriors and horses displayed in the glass showcase next to the No.2 pit are absolutely "the best of terracotta warriors and horses", which is very representative and has wonderful demeanor, posture and workmanship. Pit No.3: It is the headquarters of the military array, which is seriously damaged. Many soldiers and figures have no heads and are incomplete.
Huashan Mountain in Xiyue is the highest and most dangerous mountain among the five mountains because of its steep mountain and towering peaks. It consists of five peaks: Yuntai Mountain in the north, Chaoyang in the east, Luo Yan in the south, Lianhua in the west and Yunv Mountain in the middle, of which the highest peak is the south, with an altitude of 2 160.5m and an absolute height of about1700 m.
Huashan Mountain is also a Taoist resort, the "fourth cave", with Chen Tuan, Hao Datong and He Yuanxi as the most famous Taoist experts. There are 72 semi-suspended caves and more than 20 Taoist temples in the mountain, among which Yuquanyuan, Presiding College and Yue Zhen Palace are listed as national key Taoist temples. The best place to see the sun in Huashan is at Chaoyang Station, the highest peak in East China. There are more than 265,438+00 famous scenic spots in Huashan Mountain, including a long plank road erected in the air, a kite turned over on three sides, thousands of feet Tower, Bai Chi Gorge and Laojun Plough. Carved on a cliff.
The bell tower is located in the center of Xi, at the intersection of four streets, east, west, north and south. The total height is 36 meters, the base is 8.6 meters, each side is 35.5 meters long, and the area is about 1377.4 square meters. Taking it as the center, it radiates four streets in the east, south, west and north, which are connected with the east, south, west and north gate of the Ming city wall respectively. This is the largest and best-preserved bell tower left over from ancient China. Xi 'an was the military and political center in the northwest of Ming Dynasty, and its bell tower ranked first among similar buildings in China in terms of building scale, historical value and artistic value.
Anecdote of Giant Bell: An iron bell of Ming Dynasty, weighing 5 tons, was displayed in the northwest corner of the bell tower, which was built in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty (1465 ~ 1487). But it is much smaller than the bronze bell hanging on the bell tower earlier. Originally, the giant bell hanging on the bell tower was the "Jing Yun Bell" (now the Northern Tibet Forest Museum) which was cast during Jing Yun's reign in the Tang Dynasty. It is said that after moving to this address, although the style and size of the building have not changed, Jingyun Bell never rings. There is no alternative but to change.
Besides telling time, the bell tower has many uses. During the Revolution of 1911, the rebels fought fiercely with the Qing army stationed in the bell tower. During the national protection movement, Shaanxi Governor Chen Shupan launched an uprising against Yuan Shikai in the bell tower. 1927, Shilin, who returned from studying in the United States, opened a sound cinema in the Bell Tower, which was the first cinema in Xi 'an history. During the Anti-Japanese War, the Bell Tower became an alarm station for early warning of Japanese air strikes because of its high terrain. The Kuomintang also used the four doors of the bell tower to detain prisoners and torture them.
drum tower
Located in the north of Xi 'an Anxi Street and adjacent to the Bell Tower in the east, with an area of about 1924 square meters, it is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Xi 'an Drum Tower is an ancient building in Ming Dynasty in China, which is second only to the Taihe Hall in the Forbidden City and the Lingen Hall in Changling. It is also the largest Drum Tower in China at present, and the oldest and best-preserved building of its kind in China.
The Drum Tower was built in the 13th year of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang's Hongwu (1380), four years earlier than the Bell Tower, with a history of 625 years. 1996, Xi' an rebuilt the drum tower and restored the tradition of "morning bell and dusk drum". The sound of this drum is loud and powerful, and it can be heard ten miles away under the heavy hammer. It is the largest drum in China at present. Between the Bell Tower and the Drum Tower, the Bell and Drum Tower Square was opened.
The Wild Goose Pagoda is located in Xi 'an Anji Temple, which was built in 652 AD. Pavilion-style brick pagodas are welded by grinding bricks. Prisms are displayed on the brick wall, which can obviously divide the wall into bays. It is a unique traditional architectural art style in China.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is the first abbot of Ji 'an Temple, Master Xuanzang, who returned from India and brought back a large number of Sanskrit classics and Buddhist cultural relics. In order to consecrate and store these treasures, he personally designed and guided the construction. Xuanzang was honored as "Master Sanzang". Tang Gaozong and Emperor Taizong personally wrote Preface to Tang Sanzang and Preface to Tang Sanzang. The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a pavilion-style brick pagoda with a height of 64.5438+07 meters and a base length of 25 meters. On the seventh floor, you can overlook the downtown area of Xi. The tower is a square pyramid, located on a square brick platform, with a bottom area of 42.5× 48.5m and a height of 4.2m.. The tower made of blue bricks has a regular structure, and its exterior is a wood-like structure, and its size decreases proportionally from bottom to top. There is a spiral wooden ladder in the tower to climb up. The whole building is magnificent, solemn and simple, with simple and steady modeling and moderate proportion, which is a masterpiece of architectural art in Tang Dynasty.
Shaanxi History Museum
It is a state-level modern large-scale museum, and it is a group of magnificent imitation Tang buildings, covering an area of about 70,000 square meters and a construction area of more than 50,000 square meters. It brings together the essence of Shaanxi culture and shows the development process of Chinese civilization. In view of Shaanxi's position in the history of China, the state invested 654.38+44 million yuan to build the Shaanxi History Museum, which was completed and opened in June. The building is simple and elegant, unique. China's classical palace architecture is closely combined with quadrangle architecture, with harmonious colors, which embodies the traditional architectural style of the Chinese nation.
The museum collects cultural relics unearthed in Shaanxi 165438+3000 pieces (groups). The exhibition room covers an area of 1 100 square meters and is divided into seven parts: prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan and Ming and Qing Dynasties. The images are displayed from 1 15 system. In the history of China, 1 1 dynasties established their capitals in Shaanxi, which lasted for more than 1000 years. It is the region with the most dynasties and the longest capital in China. Therefore, from a certain point of view, the ancient history of Shaanxi is the condensation of the history of China.
Ming city wall
Located in the central area of Xi 'an, it is rectangular with wall height 12m, bottom width 18m, top width 15m, east wall length 2590m, west wall length 263 1.2m and south wall length 3441.6m.. There are four gates: East Changle Gate, Dingmen in Xi 'an, South Yongning Gate and Beiyuanmen. Each gate consists of an arrow tower and a tower. The existing city wall was built in the seventh to eleventh year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1374- 1378). It has a history of more than 600 years and is the most complete existing ancient city wall in China.
Xi 'an City Wall was built on the basis of the imperial city of Tang Dynasty during the Ming Dynasty under the guidance of Zhu Yuanzhang's policy of "building high walls, accumulating grain and slowly claiming the throne". Completely around the "defense" strategic system, the wall thickness is greater than the height, rock-solid, and sports cars and drills can be placed on the top of the wall. The city wall includes a series of military facilities such as moat, suspension bridge, sluice building, watchtower, main building, turret, watchtower, breast wall and crib mouth. Since 1983, the people's governments of Shaanxi Province and xi City have carried out large-scale repairs to this ancient city wall, supplemented the demolished east gate, north gate watchtower, south gate watchtower and suspension bridge, and built parks around the city, making this ancient building glow with its former style and become a major tourist landscape in Xi. Shopping major:
As one of the important cities in the northwest of China, Xi has a rapid economic development. In recent years, business has been developing and upgrading, and shopping is quite convenient. A major feature of shopping in Xi 'an is that the business district is highly concentrated, so shopping is quite convenient for tourists. You can buy all the necessities of life and travel, and you can also buy local specialties and special goods around the city center.
Main shopping area
1, Shuyuanmen Culture Street mainly sells Four Treasures of the Study, calligraphy and painting, and various tourist souvenirs.
Huimin Street mainly sells various local products, handicrafts and tourist souvenirs.
3. Along Jiefang Road-East Street-Bell Tower-South Street-West Street, it is a shopping block with strong commercial atmosphere. There are many modern shopping places, including many high-end department stores and various specialty stores, as well as several large supermarkets.
4. Around the Big Wild Goose Pagoda Cross is a professional market for computers, various digital products and accessories, and there are many large digital shops.
Xiaozhai business circle is not only a large department store, but also a place where trendy shops get together and a paradise for young people to go shopping.
6. Kangfu Road Textile Market mainly wholesales all kinds of clothes and a large number of small commodities. If you have a good eye, you will bargain hard. You will buy many good things at low prices here. However, the market environment is a bit chaotic, and it is not recommended for foreign tourists to shop here.
speciality
Demaogong Crystal Pancakes
Crystal cake is a kind of cake, which is famous for its crystal filling. It is the representative of Qin-style dim sum, and is known as "the first point of Qin". According to legend, crystal cakes originated in Xia 'ao County (now Xia 'ao Town, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province) in the Song Dynasty. It has a high reputation in Guanzhong area, and was once as famous as bird's nest, tremella and Jinhua ham. Yuan dynasty has been exported to major cities in Beijing and Tianjin. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the products were improved and refined by Zhang Caifeng, a technician at Weinan Tongyi Station, and won the reputation of "Gold-faced silver gang, crisp skin, crisp tongue and teeth, and refreshing fragrance". At that time, paulownia boxes and cartons were carefully packed as excellent gifts for relatives and friends. Later, it spread to Xi 'an, and all pastry shops copied it, but the one produced by Xi 'an Andemao Palace was the most famous.
Demaogong Food Store is located in Guangji Street, Anxi Street, Xi 'an, and was founded in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. This shop is the front shop and the back factory, and has a history of producing crystal cakes for over 0/00 years. The crystal cakes in this shop have excellent materials, exquisite craftsmanship and unique flavor. Demaogong Crystal Cake is made of refined white flour, refined crystal sugar and refined plate oil as the main raw materials, supplemented by more than ten kinds of materials such as animal oil, rose, orange cake, walnut kernel and green silk, and is made by hand through peeling, crisp making, stuffing making, molding and baking 12 processes. Its finished product is small and unique, crisp and full of stuffing, moist and palatable, well-defined, rich in nutrition, oily but not greasy, sweet in mouth, full of the fragrance of roses and orange cakes, which makes people memorable. Its face is golden and its surroundings are white, so it is known as "the drum with silver on the gold bottom and the center with red seal". Exquisite packaging, beautiful and generous design, with distinctive local colors and national characteristics. On holidays, people rush to buy them, and they become excellent gifts for local people and foreign tourists to honor the elderly and give to their relatives and friends.
paper cutting
Known by experts as a "living fossil", Shaanxi paper-cut completely inherits the ancient modeling patterns of the Chinese nation, such as the face of a fish, the head of a lion, and the "map of Niu Geng" similar to the portrait of the Han nationality. Inherited China's philosophy of Yin and Yang and the concept of reproductive worship. Such as eagle stepping rabbit, snake rabbit, crane holding fish, fish playing lotus, frog, deer, fish and birds in paper-cut in northern Shaanxi. There are various forms of paper-cutting in Shaanxi, one is monochrome paper-cutting, the other is collage paper-cutting, the third is stippling paper-cutting, the fourth is infiltration paper-cutting, the fifth is paper-plastic window flower, and the sixth is smoked paper-cutting. Paper-cutting in northern Shaanxi is dominated by monochrome paper-cutting, with simple and simple shape, emphasis on exaggeration and deformation, and inheritance of ancient aesthetic taste and modeling concept. In terms of content, animals and flowers are the main ones. It is said that Confucius enlightened the world, except that people in northern Shaanxi were not as gentle as those in Guanzhong, with strong creativity and cheerful mood. In Jingbian, Anbian and Dingbian in northern Shaanxi, people cut paper on three sides, and paper-cutting has become another style, subtle, small and exquisite, small and medium-sized, and accurate in description. "Lele" is as thin as a needle tip and the trimming is as thin as a hair, which is different from Yan 'an Suide paper-cutting and Jiangnan ingenuity and realism. According to research, Trilateral was once an important border town, and the court often sent southern generals to guard it. They live here with their families, and also bring the folk culture of the water town, which is combined with the local folk art in Gu Zhuo to form a unique trilateral paper-cut.
Qinqiang mask
The facial makeup of Shaanxi opera pays attention to solemnity, generosity, cleanliness, vividness and beauty, with three primary colors as the main color, middle color as the auxiliary color, flat painting as the main color and contrast color as the auxiliary color, so transition colors are rarely used. In terms of expressing characters, it is characterized by loyalty, blackness, powder rape and magic, and its style is mainly characterized by rough lines, bold style, bright colors, strong contrast, thick eyebrows and magnificent patterns. The facial makeup of Shaanxi Opera has a long history. Kang Hai's facial makeup of Ming Dynasty unearthed in Shaanxi Wugong is the earliest facial makeup of Shaanxi Opera. Shaanxi and Gansu provinces have formed different performance styles, so there are many schools on Facebook. For example, there are Longnan facial makeup, Longdong facial makeup, and "Geng facial makeup" representing Gansu Middle Road, and Shaanxi Opera has also formed its own different facial makeup.