Who can provide representative works, high-definition pictures, titles of works and important ancient kiln collections of official kilns, Ru kilns, Ding kilns, Jun kilns and Ge kilns in Song Dynasty?

Ge Kiln is one of the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty, which is famous for its patterns. In the Ming Dynasty's On Ge Guyao, there is such a description: "Ge Yaowen is topped by ice crack and eel blood, followed by plum blossom ink pattern. Fine lines, offline. " ? Its characteristics can be summarized as follows: black tire thick glaze, purple mouth and iron foot, and large and small stripes on the glaze. Unfortunately, the site of Song Ge Kiln has not been discovered so far. We can only interpret the history of Geyao from the handed down works. An important feature of Ge glazed porcelain is glaze cracking, which is a natural phenomenon of glaze cracking. Cracking was originally a defect in porcelain firing. Later, people mastered the law of cracking and consciously let it open, thus creating a unique aesthetic feeling. The glaze of Ge glaze in Song Dynasty is bright and smooth, and the whole glaze is cut by thick and deep lines or thin and shallow lines. The term is called "ice crack", commonly known as "gold wire". Ge kiln porcelain clay is slightly purple and fine, with three glaze colors of putty, beige and powder cyan, and the surface is covered with cracks. Because of the high iron content in the soil, the porcelain embryo is oxidized during firing, and the porcelain embryo is purple-black and iron-colored. The unglazed bottom of porcelain presents the original iron color of porcelain embryo, which is called "iron foot", while the mouth of thin glaze is purple, which is called "purple mouth" and commonly known as "purple mouth iron foot". Generally speaking, small opening and small opening are very precious. Because of its delicacy and exquisiteness, Ge glazed porcelain was copied by later generations. Especially in the Qing dynasty, there was a climax of imitation porcelain. Ge glaze in the late Qing dynasty was obviously not as good as that in the early Qing dynasty. The color is getting darker and darker, the fragments are getting finer and finer, the glaze is even uneven, and the tire becomes loose.

major feature

First, the glaze of Ge Kiln belongs to matte glaze, which looks like "ghee" luster, with rich colors, such as beige, pink and milky white.

Secondly, the pattern of "golden thread" shows that there are reticular cracks on the glaze of Ge kiln, or they overlap like ice cracks, or become fine small cracks ("vulgar broken" or "turtle pattern"), which is typical of "golden thread", that is, coarse black cracks are intertwined with fine red and yellow cracks.

Third, there are bubbles in the glaze, such as "gathering foam and gathering beads". Ge kiln ware usually has a thick glaze layer, and the thickest part is even equal to the tire thickness. There are bubbles in the glaze, such as beads looming, like the beauty of "gathering foam and gathering beads" This is a traditional method to identify genuine and fake Geyao porcelain.

Fourthly, due to the wind-induced "purple mouth iron foot", the body of Ge kiln is mostly purple-black or brown-yellow, and the thin glaze on the edge of the mouth is yellow-brown because of the exposed tire color of the hidden line, and it is iron-black at the place where the glaze is not hung on the bottom foot. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a saying of "purple mouth and iron feet", which is also one of the traditional methods to identify true and false Ge kiln wares.

The origin of the name

Legend has it that the Zhang brothers in Longquan in Song Dynasty were the main kilns, and the eldest brother was called Ge Kiln, which was one of the famous kilns in Song Dynasty. The name of the kiln was first found in the book Xuande Ding in the Xuande period in the early Ming Dynasty, and there were "Chai, Ru, Guan, Ge, Jun and Ding" in the library. In the forty-five years of Jiajing's "Continuation of the Seventh Revision", it was said that "Geyao and Longquan Kilns both originated in Longquan County of Zhou; In the Southern Song Dynasty, Hesheng brothers each had a kiln. Those who gave birth to pottery kilns are called Ge kilns, and those who gave birth to pottery kilns are called Longquan, which is named after this place. Its color is blue, with different shades; Its feet are all iron, with different shades. The old news is purple, which is rare now, but the soil vein is fine, the glaze color is pure and the most expensive; The Ge kiln is broken, and the number of poles is broken. " "Chuzhou Prefecture Records" also states: "Since the birth of his brother, the kilns owned by him are all painted with white lines, and the number of poles is broken, which is also the highest in the world." Cao Zhao's "On Gegu", "Old Geyao is blue in color, with different shades and purple mouth and iron feet."

In Qing Dynasty, Lan Pu's "Jingdezhen Pottery", Volume 6 "About Ancient Kiln in Town", recorded the Ge Kiln fired in Song Dynasty. This Longquan Liu Tian Kiln was made by two brothers named Zhang, each of whom gave birth to one. At that time, it was not the same as making pottery by yourself. It was called Ge Kiln. The soil veins are thin and purple, with different shades of green. There are purple iron feet, and many broken lines are like caviar. Glaze is only available in beige and pink, and pure juice is expensive. The Four Texts of the Tang Dynasty said: the ancient Ge kiln has turtle-shaped hidden lines, while the ancient Guan kiln has crab claw-shaped hidden lines; There are large and small particles in the crusher. Guge's ware is good in color and extremely broken. But today, it is not as good as the official kiln in distinguishing hidden ear from cloud juice glaze. "

The article "Ge Kiln" in Notes on Nanyao in Qing Dynasty records that the famous Zhang Kiln, after leaving the Grand View of Hangzhou, was Zhang's brother, a native of Chuzhou, who was engaged in making pottery and stole it from Xiunei Temple, so the glaze color was like an official kiln. Stripes are thick and hard, hidden in ink pigments, and become a unique glaze color, which is also thick, with pink, moonlight and light teeth. There is also a deep beige kiln, which is priceless. It would be nice to have lace like Xi Nan Kiln and Shangshan Kiln, all of which show their bones. Nowadays, people who make Ge kilns use their daughters' ridge glaze to add stones, sometimes they are quite impressive, but their iron bones are thick and black. As a result, the iron hoof and glazed surface of Ge Kiln are full of broken lines, and the style characteristics are similar to those of the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln. Ge kiln ware is famous for its stripes, mostly black and yellow intersecting, commonly known as gold wire.

There is also a legend about gold thread: It is said that in Longquan County of Song Dynasty, there was a famous porcelain maker named Zhang and Cungen. He is the legendary Zhang and Zhang's father. Zhang Cungen is famous for being good at making celadon. Yi Sheng and Sheng Er studied with their father since childhood. Shengyi Zhang, the eldest brother, is kind, willing to learn and hard-working, and won the biography of his father. Zhang Shenger also has stunts. After Zhang Cungen died, the two brothers separated and opened a kiln factory. The kiln factory opened by the eldest is Ge kiln, and the kiln factory opened by the second is small kiln. Both brothers burn celadon and have their own achievements. But the boss was even worse, burning out "purple mouth and iron feet" celadon, which was famous all over the world for a while. His fame spread to the emperor, and he was very happy. He was appointed by the king to ask Shengyi Zhang to burn celadon for him. The second child is narrow-minded and jealous. While my brother was not looking, he threw the mud into Zhang's glaze jar. The boss coated the blank with glaze mixed with clay. After burning, he opened the kiln. He was shocked. The glaze on the surface of the kiln porcelain is completely cracked. The cracks are large and small, long and short, thick and thin, curved and straight, with different shapes, some like roe and some like willow. After learning from the painful experience, he regained his spirit. He made a cup of tea, coated the porcelain with thick tea water, and the cracks immediately turned into dark brown lines. When he painted it with ink, the cracks immediately turned into black lines, thus inadvertently forming a "golden thread".