Scientific definition of media;
Accurate, timely and comprehensive data discovery and dissemination; Experimental tools; Investigation means
Medium;
Environment, Media and Means
The way to spread information
Verb (abbreviation for verb) makes and spreads information machines, forcing our bodies to respond to the way it works.
The essence is the media that carries advertisements, that is, the media that spreads all kinds of information. (Kang Yong Shi Sheng)
Media or "media", "media" or "media" refers to the carrier of information dissemination, which can be non-governmental organizations or official organizations. Communication channels include paper (newsprint, magazines), sound (radio), video (television, movies) and modern network (computer video). Actually, there are many versions of classification. That is, in the process of information dissemination, all forms of material tools carry and transmit information from the communicator to the receiver; 1943 the American library association's postwar public library guide was first used as a term, and now it has become the general name of various communication tools.
The first kind of media, that is, the media that people transmit information face to face, mainly refers to human spoken language, including body language such as expressions, movements and eyes. Spoken language and body language realized the earliest information exchange between people.
The second media includes painting, writing, printing and photography. In this way of information exchange, the receiver of information relies on the senses to receive information, and the sender of information begins to use certain communication facilities.
The third media, whether the sender or the receiver of information, must rely on communication facilities. This kind of media includes telephone, records, movies, radio, television, computer communication and so on.
The mass media regards it as the media used by the general public.
Now it is said that mobile video will become the fourth media.
Since the popularization of computers, network media has also become a new form of communication media in computer networks. Simple advertising design companies can't be regarded as media organizations, but some advertising companies have their own communication channels, so they have become media companies.
Functions of media
Media mainly has the following four functions:
Monitor the social environment
Coordinate social relations
inherit culture
Provide entertainment
Media magazine is a professional publication in the media industry under the supervision of the General Administration of Press and Publication of the People's Republic of China and sponsored by China Publishing Science Research Institute.
Media has done its best for the development of the media industry in China. As the highest authoritative publication of the General Administration of Press and Publication of China, we have received strong support from leaders at all levels and many experts, scholars and colleagues in the industry, provided a large number of authoritative interpretations of industry policies for readers, discussed academic new ideas in different periods and stages of the industry, reported typical cases and industry trends in time, and extensively increased multi-party exchanges.
Media is committed to the entire media industry, and it is currently the most recognized industry publication in China. Our dominant position in the industry and distinct market positioning make it enjoy unique advantages in the domestic publishing market. It is an effective communication bridge between media, public relations, advertising and other marketing institutions and senior managers of enterprises, media communication and market planners, and the best platform for business and brand image promotion in the industry.
Media has successfully held the "China Media Innovation Annual Conference" for three consecutive times, becoming the highest and most authoritative media industry event in China, and the fourth one will be launched in September 2008. At the same time, the media also successfully held the "First China Newspaper Management Forum", and the second one has also started.
The Development of Media Industry in China
Looking back on the development of China media industry in recent two years, the scale, increase and composition of output value of various industries in the industry have changed rapidly. Compared with traditional media, the rapid growth of new media has brought new changes to the pattern of media industry in China. Judging from the growth rate of various industries within the media industry, except newspaper distribution and periodical distribution, the output value of other industries has increased to varying degrees. In 2007, the total output value of China media industry was 48 1 1 billion yuan, an increase of 13.6% over 2006.
In China, the development environment of the media industry is gradually optimized, the print media policy is relatively loose, the market access of radio and television media is gradually opened, market expansion opportunities are emerging, and the scientific and technological content is constantly improving. The media industry is showing a strong trend of industrialization, and the embryonic form of the media industry has been formed. The rapid development of the media industry has promoted or promoted the development of related industries. From the perspective of media capital, the market-oriented reform process of China media has obviously accelerated, and the relevant policies of the state have also begun to loosen, from the original strict control to the current restricted access.
China has the largest number of TV, Internet, mobile phone users and netizens in the world, and its advertising revenue is growing rapidly. The media is the fastest growing consumer product. However, the per capita advertising expenditure is only 2% to 3% of that of the United States, and the prospects are promising. Most new media users in China are under the age of 30, and a quarter of them have a bachelor's degree or above. The number of listed companies in new media is two to three times that of traditional media. In 2007, the online advertising market in China has exceeded 654.38 billion yuan, with an annual growth rate of 75%. The online advertising market in China presents the expected high-speed growth momentum. The next three to five years will be a period of rapid development of new media in China.
The financial crisis triggered by the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States has intensified. The global financial market is extremely turbulent, from the bankruptcy of several major financial institutions to the bankruptcy of the country. The economic slowdown in the United States and the world not only affects banks, real estate and retail, but also gradually affects the media industry as a sub-category of cultural industry and information service industry. However, while the central government attaches importance to the development of the media industry, the media industry will surely make great strides in the next few years.
Media major 1. International trade (the major direction of media economy) aims to cultivate compound applied professionals who have a solid theoretical foundation in economics and media studies, are familiar with relevant national media laws and policies, can master a foreign language skillfully, and systematically master media economic business and its operational skills.
Students in this major have the basic ability to work in various media business departments, as well as other propaganda departments, enterprises and institutions by studying the basic theories and knowledge of economics and media studies and receiving basic training in related businesses.
2. The major of law is to cultivate all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and aesthetics, to meet the needs of China's socialist modernization in the 2/Kloc-0 century, with a solid foundation, wide knowledge, strong ability, high quality, innovative spirit, systematic mastery of legal knowledge, familiarity with Chinese laws, and ability to work in state organs, enterprises, institutions and social organizations, especially in legislatures, administrative organs, procuratorial organs and judicial organs.
Students in this major mainly study the basic theory and knowledge of law, and cultivate legal thinking and legal practice ability. Have the basic ability to analyze problems, manage affairs and solve problems by using legal theories and methods.
3. Advertising majors train advertising professionals with professional theories and skills and extensive cultural and scientific knowledge, who can engage in advertising planning, creativity, design and production, advertising management, marketing planning and market information consulting in advertising companies, news media advertising departments, market research and information consulting industries, and enterprises and institutions.
Students in this major mainly study the basic theories and knowledge of advertising, receive training in basic theories and skills such as advertising planning and creativity, cg animation design and production, photography and video recording, and master the basic knowledge and skills of advertising implementation and management.
4. The major of news editing and production (online media) trains compound talents with systematic theoretical knowledge and skills of online communication, extensive knowledge of culture and science, familiarity with basic ethics and laws and regulations of online communication, and ability to engage in website planning, website construction and management, information editing and dissemination in government departments, news publishing institutions, schools, large enterprises and institutions and online media.
This major requires students to master the basic theory, knowledge and skills of network communication, master the theory of news communication, receive basic training in news business, and have the ability of network operation and management. Graduates should meet the following requirements: master the basic theory and knowledge of journalism; Master the basic theory, knowledge and technology of network communication; Understand the ethics and laws and regulations of network communication; Understand the concept and skills of online media operation and management.
5. The major of news editing and production trains all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique, and is suitable for professionals engaged in news editing and editing in news media institutions such as newspapers, radio stations, television stations, news agencies and the Internet, as well as professionals engaged in cultural propaganda and public relations in other social fields.
Students in this major mainly study the basic theory and knowledge of journalism, receive the basic training of journalism, and master some basic knowledge of humanities, social sciences and natural sciences, so as to have the basic ability and quality to engage in journalism and adjacent professional work.
6. Applied Psychology Major (human resources evaluation) is the application and expansion of applied psychology major in human resource screening, selection, training and motivation. Cultivate the basic theories, knowledge and skills of psychology and related basic disciplines; Familiar with the theory and practice of talent growth, evaluation and management; Familiar with policies and regulations related to human resource management, with strong interpersonal communication, organization and coordination and leadership skills, able to engage in human resource management, consulting, market research, planning, public relations and other aspects in industrial and commercial enterprises, social investigation institutions and government administrative departments.
First, the development of foreign media industry research
The media industry is the fastest growing industry in the world today. Newspapers, television, internet, multimedia industry, radio stations, spokespersons of government public relations departments and film and television production companies all have great demand for media graduates. Some large-scale international events are held in China, and China is more eager for media talents with international background than before.
In recent years, with the rapid development of the media industry, domestic journalism education has flourished. Relatively speaking, the development of foreign media and media education is becoming more and more mature, attracting many China students who are interested in developing in the media industry to look around the world.
The media industries in the United States, Britain, Australia and France have developed quite well and have their own characteristics. This topic introduces the development of media majors in popular countries studying abroad, especially for students, from the aspects of general situation of foreign media, characteristics of media majors in various countries, recommendation of colleges and universities, special reminders and employment situation.
What is mass media?
1 What is mass media?
The major of mass media is to let students know the main body of the media industry, the products of the media industry and the latest technology applied in the media industry. The main purpose of the course of media specialty is to cultivate students' reverse thinking ability on TV, film, radio, news communication and other media carriers through social, especially cultural differences in the media industry.
The courses of mass media specialty involve all aspects of human and social information dissemination, including semiotics, sociolinguistics, history, sociology, anthropology, social psychology and so on.
Three, the media professional "returnees" five career directions
The worldwide media boom has created a vast employment space in the media industry, and also made the treatment of outstanding media talents with the background of "returnees" rise, even reaching the level of annual salary of several hundred thousand yuan, becoming a "golden collar" class. According to the five categories of media majors, the employment direction of graduates mainly includes:
1, news media:
Career direction: I can work in major small and medium-sized newspapers and news publishing houses, and I can also engage in journalism in radio and television media. In addition, you can also engage in advertising, public relations, publishing and other fields.
2. Marketing advertising media:
Career direction: both government departments and private enterprises can work, including consumer marketing, sales, brand manager, advertising design, advertising execution, marketing consulting and so on.
3. Mass media
Career direction: I can become a professional public relations officer and find an ideal job in enterprises, governments, communities, educational institutions, hotels, medical and welfare institutions, cultural exchange institutions and other industries.
4. Media publishing category
Career direction: I will have professional creativity and skills. My future career includes photography, editing, digital editing, sound processing, interactive game design, CD-ROM media production, network design and so on.
5. Creative performance class
Career direction: I will have professional creativity and skills. My future career includes creative director, artistic director, director, script writing, photography, editing and so on.
Advantages of studying media major in America;
Advantages:
The United States is a "superpower" in the global media field, and it is a gilded holy land that media people yearn for.
Characteristics of American media:
The United States is the world's largest movie market and the largest movie exporter, controlling 38% of the world's recording product market, and there are four major commercial broadcasting networks (ABC, CBS, MBC and NBC). Many American universities have media majors, and students can apply at any time. The course emphasizes starting from interest, starting from practice and being creative.
Recommended majors and institutions:
1, Advertising 2, Communication Studies 3, Journalism and Mass Communication 4, Public Relations 5, Radio, Television and Film 6, Oral Communication 7, Communication-Other Communication -oth.
School name, major setting, admission requirements and school introduction.
1, the journalism graduate school of Columbia University includes: master's degree in journalism and doctoral degree in communication, and the graduate school also offers double-degree courses in journalism and business or journalism and law. GPA 3.7+ TOEFL 1 14+a paper; Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism is the only Ivy League university with a journalism school, and its Graduate School of Journalism is the best journalism school in the United States and even in the world.
2. The School of Journalism of the University of Missouri covers all fields of journalism. The college offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The undergraduate program is a five-year undergraduate program and the master program is a two-year program. GPA 3.5+ TOEFL110+GRE1/KLOC-0+A paper The School of Journalism of the University of Missouri is the first university in the United States to offer master's and doctoral degrees in journalism. Its graduates are very active in the mainstream media in the United States and even the world, with outstanding achievements, and their annual employment rate and starting salary are among the best in American universities.
3. The undergraduate and postgraduate majors offered by the School of Journalism and Communication at the University of Wisconsin-Madison include printing, broadcast reporting, editing, advertising, publishing, international relations and multimedia animation. GPA 3.4+TOEFL100+GRE1000 (writing 5 points) The School of Journalism and Communication at the University of Wisconsin-Madison is one of the oldest and best journalism schools in the United States. It is the first American university to offer electronic editing and production.
4. The Medill School of Journalism, Northwestern University College, USA, provides undergraduate (four-year) and postgraduate education (one-year master's degree) in journalism, and the master's degree course is held three times a year. GPA 3.4+ TOEFL 1 14+GRE or GMAT or LSAT+a paper. Meade School of Journalism of Northwest University (national level 14) was established in 192 1 year with the donation of Joseph Meade, the founder of Chicago Herald Tribune, a famous American media giant.
5. School of Journalism and Communication, University of Florida. The college offers undergraduate (four-year) and postgraduate education (one-year master's degree) in journalism, and its dominant majors include advertising, public relations, journalism and mass communication. GPA 3.2+ TOEFL 105+GRE 1000 (Chinese part 550)+ An essay The School of Journalism and Communication of the University of Florida is different from other world-class journalism schools. It has a history of less than 50 years, but it has developed into a world-class journalism school.
6. The majors of the School of Journalism and Mass Communication of the University of North Carolina include advertising, electronic communication, public relations, visual communication, medical news and media law. GPA 3.4+ TOEFL 105 (Writing 4.5)+ GRE 1000 (Chinese part 580)+ A short essay The School of Journalism and Mass Communication of the University of North Carolina offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses.
7. The E.W. Scripps School of Journalism of Ohio University offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses, including: advertising management, radio news, magazine news, news writing and editing, online news, mass communication and public relations. GPA 3.2+ TOEFL 100 (writing 4.5)+ GRE 1 100.
The journalism school of Ohio University is characterized by providing small class teaching and internship opportunities around the world. Over the past 35 years, the school has arranged more than 200 students to practice in more than 20 countries and regions such as Europe, the Middle East and Asia.
8. The School of Journalism of Indiana University and Bloomington University offer undergraduate and postgraduate courses, and the master's degree courses in journalism and law are very popular. GPA 3.0+ TOEFL 94+ GRE 1000.
School of Journalism, Bloomington Campus, Indiana University School of Journalism was founded in 1932.
Graduate School of Journalism, University of California at Berkeley
Professional interests include newspaper news, magazine news, radio and television, new media, photo news, international reports, environmental news, business news, urban news and so on. GPA 3.5+ TOEFL105+GRE100 (Verbal is not less than 580) The Graduate School of Journalism at the University of California, Berkeley is a famous public university in the United States. Two-year master of journalism is its dominant major, and it attaches great importance to work experience. It is difficult for freshmen to apply!
10, Annaberg School of Communication, University of Southern California. California majors include: broadcast journalism, print journalism, public relations journalism, mass communication, communication management, global communication, journalism, strategic public relations, etc. GPA 3.2+ TOEFL 105+GRE 1000 (Chinese part 550)+ a paper.
The Annaberg School of Communication at the University of Southern California is one of the best schools of journalism and communication in the United States. The Anlongberg School of Communication at the University of Southern California has its own unique advantages, offering a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate courses.
Vocational talent education:
Compulsory courses include media theory and research methods of mass communication. According to the professional focus of each school, there will be some theoretical courses related to the practice of news communication, such as the philosophy and principles of news work, media law and media policy, news practice, new media technology and so on. Elective courses are determined according to personal direction and instructor. These directions may include: news, advertising, publishing relations, electronic media, media management. Master graduates in this general direction can choose to do master's thesis when they graduate. Most students choose comprehensive examination plus professional projects. Columbia University, Northwestern University, University of Missouri, Syracuse University, University of California, Berkeley and other universities are all such graduate students. After graduation, I usually go to work in the media or industry.
Research talent education:
Compulsory courses include media theory, research methods of mass communication and other theoretical courses related to media, such as public opinion, propaganda and media, the First Amendment to the Constitution, media ethics and so on. Elective courses are determined according to personal direction and instructor. These directions may include: news, advertising, publishing relations, electronic media, media management. Each school has a different research direction. Different research directions can not only learn practical courses related to this direction, but also accumulate knowledge for research by understanding the current situation of practical fields, learning research methods and related theories. After graduation, these graduate students may go on to pursue doctoral degrees in journalism and communication or other fields.
The industry with the highest quality of workers in the industry-the survey results of the US Bureau of Labor Statistics in May 2006
Number of employees employed in the industry, average hourly wage, median hourly wage
Average annual salary, median annual salary
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio and TV 2 180 USD 20.08 USD 4 1.770 USD
Advertising and related services
Advertising and related services 2 120 USD 23.86 USD 49,630 USD
Colleges, universities and professional schools, universities and professional colleges.
1,560 $2 1.35 $44,400
Local government (OES design) local government
1,4 10 $ 18.69 $38,880
Film and video industry animation and video industry 1, 380 22.92 USD 47,670 USD
The industry that offers the highest salary in this industry.
Number of employees in the industry median hourly average wage median annual salary
Printing and related support activities Printing and related activities110 $35.82 $74,500
Professional and commercial equipment and supplies wholesaler of professional and commercial equipment and materials USD 40 USD 30.62 USD 63,680 USD.
Scientific research and development services
Scientific research and development services 270 28,438 USD+0 59,930 USD.
Internet publishing and broadcasting network publishing and broadcasting 30 US dollars 28.27 US dollars
$58,800
Lessor of real estate lease $8 26,438+$0 54,730.
I believe that after reading it, you will understand and make a correct judgment.
This will definitely be better than the exam. Try it if you don't believe me. This is my personal experience in the past.