It is reported that Professor Todd Sacktor of new york State University has developed a kind of protein called PKMzeta, which is a key substance for human brain storage and memory. Experiments on mice show that this protein can be inhibited by a drug called ZIP, which will permanently delete some specific memories in the cerebral cortex of mice. And once the memory is deleted, it can never be found back! This can delete the memory without damaging the brain.
Psychologists' experiments have proved that traumatic memories can be implanted in people's bodies, that is, horrible memories. Many experimenters think they have experienced those implanted memories, but in fact they have never experienced them at all. And you can also modify people's memory through tips! It is easy to change a person's memory of something by providing some false information or plots, or by asking questions in a small town. Interrogating witnesses in some court cases to confuse their memories is to use this to modify their memories.
However, if you can really delete memories like deleting files on a computer, if you control them artificially, people may forget the past and their parents, or they may turn black and white and recognize thieves as fathers! Ha ha! Even more terrible memory modification and transplantation will make you live in other people's memories, or bear emotional, life and even legal responsibilities for others! All in all! Memories can really be deleted, modified and transplanted! But it is really a terrible thing to realize easy memory deletion. Besides memory modification or memory transplantation, most people don't want to see it!
In the Hollywood blockbuster Inception, dreamers dive into other people's dreams, steal valuable information and secrets from the subconscious, and even "implant" false memories into the subconscious. The seemingly bizarre movie plot is now actually staged in reality. Can you really "implant memory"?
A case of cannibalism out of thin air.
According to peninsula metropolis daily, Lisa Nasev, a 35-year-old from Minnesota, USA, suffered from anorexia and was hypnotized by doctor Mark Schwartz in a psychological clinic in St. Louis, Missouri. However, with the deepening of treatment, anorexia was not cured, but Lisa found many "terrible memories" in her heart.
It turned out that when psychologist Schwartz treated her, he implanted many absurd and horrible "fictional memories" into her subconscious, which convinced Lisa that she had joined a cult, eaten the baby's body, been raped many times, and even suffered from severe "schizophrenia", with 20 different personalities.
To this end, Schwartz finally cheated Lisa of $650,000! Surprisingly, Lisa chatted with several other female patients treated by Dr. Schwartz for a long time in the clinic, and everyone found that their "memories" were exactly the same.
The reason is actually hypnotic suggestion.
Zhang Weiqi, director of Chen Hao Psychological Counseling Center, explained that memory implantation is actually a hypnotic suggestion. In the process of hypnosis, the hypnotized person will produce a special state of consciousness, and the individual's cognitive function (such as memory and attention) and behavior (such as speech and action) will change.
"In this state, the hypnotized person will accept most of the hints from the hypnotist uncritically. For example, the hypnotist has actually seen the clock hanging on the wall. The hypnotist tells him that the wall is blank, and the hypnotized person will think that this Zhong Zhen does not exist. " Zhang Weiqi said.
The janitor failed when he was hypnotized.
Zhang Zhiqiang, the founder of Heiner Psychological Counseling and Training Company, believes that human consciousness is like a gatekeeper. Under the influence of culture, cultivation, ethics and knowledge, we can use our existing cognitive ability to judge and examine foreign information.
In the subconscious state of hypnotic suggestion, people's instinct will be more active, but their logical ability and judgment ability will be reduced.
"That is to say, implanted memory is feasible in theory. It also depends on the hypnotist's trust in the hypnotist. The higher the trust, the easier it is for the memory to change. " Zhang Zhiqiang said that in this case, Lisa probably established a good relationship with psychologist Schwartz, so she believed her implanted fictional memory.
Anxiety can produce a sense of self-blame.
In this regard, Yang Li, director of the psychological counseling clinic of the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, also expressed her opinion: "Under the influence of too much negative information, people's emotional neurotransmitters (serotonin) are easy to decrease, and people's brain work will be unbalanced, resulting in psychological obstacles such as anxiety and insomnia. At this time, self-function will decline, and the sense of reality will also decline, leading to self-blame and self-blame. "
Too many lies will become truth.
Zhang Weiqi believes that memory is not solid and credible, but flexible and unshakable.
This short story told by Zhang Zhiqiang explains the shaking of memory in a popular way. "One morning, you went out energetically. The neighbor said, "Why are you so pale?" You may not care at this time; I met a friend on the road, and my friend also said that you look pale; After arriving at work, my colleagues also said that you look very pale. At this time, you will involuntarily look in the mirror, and even find that your face is really bad. "
"A lie repeated a thousand times will become truth. When an idea is repeatedly emphasized, people will change from suspicion and tolerance to slowly accepting it. Especially when describing some vague events repeatedly, people will gradually think that these descriptions are facts. " Zhang Weiqi said.
Process hypnotists explain how to implant memories.
So how does hypnosis change people's memory? As a hypnotist, Zhang Zhiqiang explained the process of implanting memory for us.
First of all, through the suggestion of hypnotic instructions, the hypnotized person will return to the scene at that time. Then, by simulating the scene at that time, according to the logic preset by the hypnotist, the past facts will be described in different languages, so as to adjust and change the memory of the hypnotized person. At this time, the hypnotized person's mood and cognition will change, and the emotional experience of memory will be different.
Zhang Zhiqiang told a case he treated: a 24-year-old boy, Xiao Lei, had a good impression not only on girls, but also on men (especially men in their forties and fifties and boys in their fifties and sixties), and even had sexual fantasies about them. Xiao Lei himself doesn't know why.
In the process of receiving hypnotherapy, Ray gradually recalled the sex games his father played with him when he was a child. Ray found his father very happy and agreed with himself at this time. Therefore, Lei thinks it is a good way to establish emotional connection with his father and gain sexual excitement experience, which leads to his sexual orientation problem.
"After introducing Xiao Lei into hypnosis, I traced back to his childhood and his father's sexual game experience. I deliberately increased the situation that their games were discovered by his mother and severely reprimanded by his mother, which made him and his father feel ashamed. Later, I repeatedly hinted that he still had many ways to get his father's approval. Now that he has a girlfriend and is ready to get married, it proves that these instructions have influenced him. " Zhang Zhiqiang said.
Memories that affect transplantation can also disappear instantly.
So how long can this imported memory last? "In fact, this kind of virtual memory is time-sensitive, and this kind of memory may soon disappear or last. This will be influenced by the hypnotized person's recognition of memory and the external environment. " Zhang Zhiqiang thinks.
Zhang Zhiqiang gave an example. A junior high school girl kept playing truant for half a year, only to learn later that she had unpleasant memories at school. "Under hypnosis, I helped her create a new scene, that is, when she recalled school, everything was beautiful and warm, and then she went to school. However, before long, she was tired of studying again. This is because the reality she contacted and the changed memory have collided, in which case the hypnotic suggestion will be invalid. "
Weak and inferior people are easy to control.
So, what kind of people are easily induced by false memories?
"When you have a strong desire inside, you will ignore a lot of information around you. At this time, everything the controller says is set according to your motives and needs, and you will believe it. " Zhang Zhiqiang said that Lisa's need is to cure anorexia, and psychologists have just grasped her need, so she is easily controlled by her own thoughts.
Zhang Weiqi believes that memory implantation and mind control are feasible, but this does not mean that everyone can implant memories. People have instinctive defensive psychology and don't want to be controlled. Therefore, people with strong self-defense ability and no purpose will soon be defeated by false memories. Generally speaking, the suggestion that goes against the hypnotized person's wishes and social ethics is invalid.
People who are psychologically fragile, inferior, easily influenced, have no opinion, have poor self-regulation ability, are not good at communicating with others or have psychological obstacles, and are easily induced by other people's memories. People with psychological barriers, in particular, will attribute their misfortunes to what happened in the past. They will try their best to dig up past injuries, even fantasize about themselves and fabricate distorted memories, Zhang Weiqi explained.
Remind you to be careful when choosing a hypnotist.
"This case is just an example, but it also gives everyone a piece of advice." Zhang Zhiqiang reminded that before hypnotherapy, you should carefully choose a hypnotist, understand the background, reputation and professional level of the hypnotist, and make a judgment after being hypnotized. "Most hypnotists still have professional ethics, so there is no need to panic."