From 65438 to 0792, under the guidance of Haydn, he went to Vienna, the city of music, for further study, and made rapid progress in art, creating a large number of outstanding works full of the flavor of the times, such as symphonies Hero, Destiny and Pastoral Symphony. Overture Egmont; Piano music pathos, moonlight music, storm, enthusiasm, dawn and so on. He combined the achievements of classical music and opened up the road of romantic music, which played a decisive role in the development of world music. He is a creative composer. The greatest musician, composer, pianist and conductor in Germany. One of the representatives of Vienna classical music school, he was called "the three outstanding men of Vienna" by later generations together with Haydn and Mozart. He, Michelangelo and lev tolstoy all experienced various hardships in their lives. French writer romain rolland wrote a Who's Who book based on their lives. When Beethoven 19 years old, the French Revolution broke out, which brought Beethoven the hope of freedom, equality and love. Beethoven's hearing began to weaken at the age of 26, and he was deaf in middle age. His music works include Moonlight Sonata and Symphony No.5 in C minor. All his nine symphonies were premiered in Vienna. 1805, his only opera Federio also premiered in vienna state opera. Beethoven is regarded by later generations as the greatest symphony writer of all time. His heroic symphony is full of passion. His ninth symphony is based on German poet Schiller's Ode to Joy, and now it has become Beethoven's parents.
He walked out of the gloom and wrote a cheerful and optimistic second symphony. After that, more and better music appeared in his works. Symphony No.3 (Hero), Symphony No.5 (Destiny) and Symphony No.6 (Pastoral), as well as beautiful and cheerful violin concertos and colorful piano concertos and sonatas. The mature process of Beethoven's creative activities seems to be quite slow on the surface, but in fact it is very smooth. He didn't write his first symphony until he was thirty, but Mozart had written about forty symphonies at this age. Beethoven began to feel his hearing was getting weaker and weaker from 1796, but it was not until 180 1 that he was convinced that his ear disease was incurable and told his friends about it. However, his love for art and life overcame his personal pain and despair-suffering became the source of his creative power. At the peak of such a spiritual crisis, he began to write his optimistic hero symphony. The Heroic Symphony marks the turning point of Beethoven's spirit and the beginning of the heroic era. In the later period of Beethoven's stay in Vienna, because Europe was experiencing a serious period of political reaction, that is, the period when metternich's reactionary rule was particularly rampant, his creation also experienced a temporary decline (1813-1817). From 18 18, in the last ten years of Beethoven's life (18 18- 1827), he still wrote the ninth symphony (chorus) with great perseverance, even though he was completely deaf, his health deteriorated, his life was poor and his spirit was poor. 1823, Beethoven completed his last masterpiece, Symphony No.9 (Chorus). This work created his ideal world. Beethoven died in Vienna on March 26th, 1827. He died without a relative by his side, but when he was buried on the 29th of the same month, a mass wave formed. All schools were closed to express their condolences, and 20,000 people escorted his coffin. His tombstone is engraved with the inscription of the Austrian poet Greer Bache (179 1- 1872): "When you stand on his coffin, we can only tell people like him that he has achieved great things ..." Beethoven is one of the greatest composers in the world art history. His creation embodies his giant personality and reflects the progressive thought of that era. His image of revolutionary heroism can be used as "through suffering-towards joy; Win through struggle. " His works are magnificent, simple and distinctive, rich in music content and easy to be understood and accepted by the audience. Beethoven's music embodies the pain, joy, struggle and victory of the people of his time, so it always inspires people in the past and inspires their fighting spirit, and even now it makes people feel kind and inspiring.
The great man passed away.
1826 65438+Beethoven had a bad cold in February, which led to pulmonary edema. 1827 On March 26th, Beethoven finally swallowed his last breath because of liver disease. Before his death, there was a sudden snowstorm and thunder rumbled. It seemed that even heaven was mourning the death of this great musician! Beethoven's funeral was very grand. More than 20 thousand people automatically followed the coffin, and his body was buried in St. Max cemetery. A year later, Schubert died. According to his last wish, he was buried next to Beethoven's tomb and never married. Beethoven, the great composer, lived only 57 years, and completed more than 100 works in his life. The main works include 9 symphonies; Dozens of orchestral music (Egmont overture is the most famous); 5 piano concertos and 1 violin concerto; 5 other concertos; 32 piano sonatas (passion, moonlight, sadness, dawn, storm, etc. Are the most famous); 80 chamber music; Opera 1 Frederio; Another play1; Mass 2 and many other works. Portrait of young Beethoven
Beethoven (5 pieces) Beethoven's piano
Yihua
Edit the image of this paragraph in your own way.
Beethoven statue
Beethoven didn't want to be the darling of the living room. He would rather stay in his own residence and be able to get in and out, get up, dress and eat at will. He likes to fiddle with trifles in the room according to his own interests. Once, in order to get some air and see the scenery outside the window, he deliberately cut off a piece of the window. He is always in trouble with the landlords and always walks around. Whenever he creates a climax, he always throws pots of water on his head to cool down until the water soaks through the downstairs room-we can imagine the feelings of the landlord and other tenants! Sometimes he moves so often that he doesn't even want to worry about putting his legs on the piano, but just sits on the floor and plays the piano. Because he has to sign a lease every time he rents a new house, indicating the lease period, he often pays the rent of four apartments at the same time. This undoubtedly made him spend more money, and the musician who had no savings was getting poorer and poorer.
Master talent
Fantasy sonata
The original name of Moonlight Song is piano sonata in C minor, also known as fantasy sonata and fantasy sonata, which was created by Beethoven in 1 1803.
80 1 This year is close to the maturity of Beethoven's creation. This work has three movements: the first movement, the theme of that sigh is integrated into his deaf and melancholy thoughts. The second movement shows that sweet dream in memory, and it is also like a blueprint for the future. Allegro in the third movement. The most beautiful thing about this work is the first movement, which reminds people of moonlight. This piano piece is called Moonlight Music because the German poet Ludwig Lairstadberg said, "After listening to the first movement of this piece, I think of Lake Lucerne in Switzerland and the bright moonlight rippling on the lake." Later, according to this passage, the publisher added the title of "Song of the Moonlight", and all kinds of legends about composers improvising in the moonlight became popular. In fact, it was not the bright moonlight that touched Beethoven's creation, but the painful mood of Beethoven and Juliet Gitchati (1784- 1856) after their first love failed. Juliet Gitchati is the earl's daughter, 14 years younger than Beethoven. They really love each other, and the gap in family status forced them to break up. After suffering this heavy blow, Beethoven poured all the inner pain and strong indignation caused by the feudal hierarchy into this passionate piano music. So, this song is dedicated to her. Perhaps Stasov (1824- 1906), a Russian art critic, is more reasonable in explaining this work. Recalling listening to Liszt's performance in Petersburg, he thought the sonata was a complete tragedy. The first movement was a state of mind full of tenderness and sometimes dark premonition. He had a similar impression when listening to anton rubinstein's performance: "... from a distance, as if from the depths of an invisible soul, a silent voice suddenly rose. Some voices are melancholy and full of infinite sadness; Others are meditative, with endless memories and gloomy omens ... ". Around the moonlight, there is a misinformed anecdote. In the last half century, a German music critic published an article saying that Beethoven's Piano Sonata in C sharp minor reminded him of "the moonlight rippling on Lake Lucerne in Switzerland". So the shrewd publisher invented a touching story entitled "Moonlight Music": "One night, Beethoven was walking in the suburbs of Vienna when he suddenly heard the sound of the piano, and it was his work. He went to the window of an old house and found a blind girl playing. Only after he entered the room did he know that she liked Beethoven's music very much. The composer was very moved. In the moonlight, he wrote this "Moonlight Song" ... ". This story is pure fiction. In fact, Beethoven wrote this work in 180 1 year. At that time, his deafness became more and more serious, and the pain of lovelorn had not been calmed down. He wrote this piano sonata with pain. This fictional story was later applied to "China People * * * and the text" Moonlight Song "in the first volume of the sixth grade Chinese textbook published by the National Primary School People's Education Edition. Ps: Beethoven wrote another moonlight sonata, but it is not the moonlight song as people refer to it.
Enthusiastic sonata creation
Schindler once asked Beethoven's sonata in D minor (Op. 312) and sonata in F minor (as the soundtrack cover of the heroic symphony).
No.57), Beethoven's answer is: "Please read Shakespeare's The Tempest." Therefore, the former is called "Sonata of Tempest", while the latter is named "Sonata of Passion" by Hamburg music publisher Crantz (1789- 1870). (On the other hand, the title of "Enthusiasm" was added by German pianist, violinist, composer and conductor Reineck (1824- 19 10), which seems unfounded. Beethoven didn't approve of the title "Enthusiasm", but for this heroic and magnificent work, the title is quite appropriate. Lenin, the teacher of proletarian revolution, once heard Russian composer and conductor Dobro Wan (1894- 1953) play this sonata in Moscow, and said, "I don't know what is better than the Sonata of Passion, and I am willing to listen to it every day. This is wonderful and unprecedented music. I always think with perhaps childish boast: what miracles can people create! " 18701On October 30th, Paris was surrounded by Prussian troops for more than three months during the Franco-Prussian War. Bismarck, the bloody prime minister, negotiated the armistice terms with thiers, the head of the French bourgeois government, in the stronghold of William, King of Prussia at Versailles. That night, Gaertel, the former German ambassador to Italy, played the Passion Sonata for Bismarck on an old piano at Versailles. After listening to the last movement, Bismarck said, "This is the cry of a whole generation." He understood Beethoven's "enthusiasm" from the standpoint of a bloodthirsty careerist. He once said: "If I can listen to this piece of music often, my courage will not run out" because "Beethoven is the best for my nerves". Beethoven said on June 29th, 180 1, "My art is used to improve the fate of the poor." If Beethoven knew what was underground and heard that his music was used by Bismarck, he must be dead.
Beethoven's friend
Melzer (1772— 1838) is famous for inventing and manufacturing mechanical musical instruments. 18 13 In the autumn, Beethoven wrote a war symphony entitled "Victory of Wellington" or "Battle of Victoria" for the universal piano invented by melzer, describing the scene that the British army defeated Napoleon in the northern Spanish city of Victoria on June 2 1 3 of the same year. On the basis of Winkle's invention (1776-1826), Meltzer once created today's universal metronome. Beethoven adopted it for the first time and marked the speed of his works according to the number of beats per minute. Beethoven's hearing AIDS were also made in melzer around 18 10. On one occasion, Beethoven Paimer took a trip, and he wrote that the richest man was a funny cannon to praise the creator of the holiday machine. This canon, which symbolizes the friendship between Beethoven and Meltzer, was later selected by Beethoven into his eighth symphony (Op. 93) and became the theme of the second movement. Schindler was a close friend of Beethoven in his later years.
Ba Le Yu No.7
Wagner called Beethoven's Seventh Symphony "the extreme of dance", "the highest form of dance" and "the most wonderful embodiment of body movement according to the ideal form". 1938, Russian choreographer Ma Xin made this symphony into a ballet to show an allegorical story-the creation and destruction of the world: the first movement: creation-under the guidance of creative spirit, the chaotic world became an orderly residence for animals and plants. There are men and women, and dangerous snakes. The second movement: the earth-hatred and rape appear on the earth. A group of men and women mourned the murdered teenager. The third movement: the sky-the gods and goddesses in the sky are indifferent to the riots on the ground and still enjoy themselves. The fourth movement: debauchery and destruction-people indulge in debauchery. God saw them clumsily imitate the joy of the upper world and destroy the world with fire because of anger. 1938 In May, this ballet was first performed by the Brazilian Ballet of Russia in Monte Carlo, Monaco.
An easy-to-forget supper.
One day, Beethoven came to a restaurant for dinner. After ordering food, he was suddenly inspired, so he grabbed the menu on the dining table and made a song on the back of the menu. After a while, he was completely immersed in the beautiful melody. Seeing Beethoven's devotion, the waiter didn't dare to disturb him, and planned to serve him later. About an hour later, the waiter finally came to Beethoven's side: "Sir, are you ready to serve?" Beethoven paid the bill as if he had just woken up from a dream. The waiter is a monk like Zhang Er-confused: "Sir, you haven't eaten yet!" ""no! I'm sure I've eaten. " Beethoven didn't listen to the waiter's repeated explanations at all. After paying the price on the menu, he grabbed the menu full of notes and rushed out of the restaurant.
Enter this country every day.
In his later years, Beethoven once heard a friend play his variations in C minor. After listening for a while, he asked, "Whose work is this?" "yours." The friend replied. "My? I wrote such a clumsy song? " Then he added, "Ah, Beethoven is a fool!" Goethe's evaluation of Schiller is completely applicable to Beethoven: "He is changing and growing every week. Every time I see him, I always feel that his knowledge, knowledge and opinions have improved compared with the last time. " Beethoven even tried to destroy the songs he wrote when he was young, Adelaide and Septet in E-flat Major (Op. 20). This is by no means accidental. Like Beethoven, it can really be said that "fifty knows forty-nine mistakes."
Make it impossible for opponents to copy.
Beethoven made friends with the Browning family in Bonn when he was 18 years old (1788). The daughter of this family is called Ereonole (1772-1841), and the son is called Rolenc (1777-65438+). 10, Beethoven left Bonn for Vienna. Because of a quarrel before he left, Beethoven didn't write to Errol for one year after he arrived in Vienna. 1793, he dedicated the title of his first work published in Vienna (some of which was written in Bonn) to Eleanor. This work is a variation on violin and piano with the theme of Figaro aria in the first act of Mozart's opera The Marriage of Figaro. 1793165438+1October 2, Beethoven wrote to Ereonole, and finally talked about the technically difficult vibrato of the piano, saying: "Some people in Vienna, after listening to my impromptu performance in the evening, will record the unique things in my style the next day and count them as their own. I wouldn't have written this kind of music if I hadn't seen through their behavior. I know their music will be published soon, so I decided to strike first. But I have another reason: I want to beat those Vienna pianists, some of whom are my sworn enemies. I want to repay them with this, because I expected that my variations would meet so-called gentlemen everywhere and make them look like a mess. " Soon after, Beethoven played this piece in public, showing his superb piano skills.
A rigorous attitude towards composition.
Mendelssohn once published a Beethoven manuscript. On this manuscript paper, there is a place that has been changed and changed, and twelve small pieces of paper have been posted. Mendelssohn opened these small pieces of paper one by one, and found that the innermost piece of paper (the initial idea) was exactly the same as the outermost piece of paper (the twelfth rewrite). At the beginning, Wang Anshi, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty in China, took great pains and conceived dozens of schemes for the word "green" in the sentence "Spring breeze is greener in Jiang Nanan". It is precisely because of the creative spirit of outstanding artists at home and abroad that future generations can appreciate such touching works of art, and composing music is a very hard work for Beethoven. When he composed the opera Federio, he drafted ten opening lines for one of the choruses. People are familiar with the theme motivation of the first movement of the Symphony of Destiny, and more than a dozen different ideas have been found in his draft. Beethoven often takes a notebook with him, and he never forgets to record his sudden inspiration when he walks.
Edit the radical of this paragraph.
Beethoven and his predecessors
Haydn, the "father of symphony", used to be Beethoven's teacher, but there were always differences between teachers and students because of different opinions. Haydn appreciates Beethoven's talent very much, but he can't tolerate Beethoven's bold and innovative spirit and unruly personality. So it's only a matter of time before they break up. Goethe and Beethoven met in Bohemia in 18 12 and spent a month together. Both of them left a deep impression on each other, but they didn't establish friendship. Beethoven admired Goethe's genius very much, but he could not tolerate some of Goethe's practices. One day, they went out for a walk together. On the way, I saw the Queen of Austria leading a group of royal family members and walking in the opposite direction with them. Goethe ignored Beethoven's repeated discouragement and immediately stood respectfully by the roadside. Beethoven said to Goethe, "You don't have to do this. The style of nobility is stupid, which only shows their mediocrity and incompetence. ..... They can pin the medal on anyone's chest, but this person will never get better. They may use seven or three products to make a person a civilian, but at any time they can't make Goethe or Beethoven ... "However, Goethe not only stood stiffly by the roadside, but also began to show a humble smile on his face. Beethoven realized that whatever he said was in vain. So he held his head high and walked on. As a result, after recognizing Beethoven, the queen and crown prince of Austria took the lead in paying tribute to Beethoven and took off their hats. When they passed by Goethe, Goethe had already taken off his hat and bowed, and even dared not lift his head. Afterwards, Beethoven said sadly to Goethe: "... you respect them too much." Even so, Beethoven still has great respect for Goethe. People found in the conversation book he used when he was completely deaf in his later years that he forbade others to talk about Goethe in a contemptuous tone; He once told people that he was willing to "sacrifice his life ten times" for Goethe. But Goethe can't forgive Beethoven all his life, and his attitude is cold and sometimes even ruthless, which is very puzzling.
Edit this Beethoven sculpture
Bronze statue of Beethoven and Emile Antoine Baudelaire, created in 1888. Beethoven's face statue
Beethoven was a great German musician, who wrote many immortal music chapters in his life. 1820 He is deaf, but fate cannot conquer this strong man. This fighter who opposed feudal autocracy in art and fought tenaciously for freedom and liberation continued to create a lot of passionate music, leaving a valuable cultural heritage for all mankind. Boodell loved Beethoven's music very much and devoted great enthusiasm to this bronze statue of Beethoven. Because he was still working in Rodin's studio when he created this work, his style is somewhat similar to Rodin's. The whole sculpture is full of passion, rough lines and romantic mood. Beethoven in the statue seems to be meditating and concentrating on playing. The author is good at grasping the external characteristics that best reflect the musician's personality, and portraying them in detail, such as Beethoven's unkempt hair, closed lips, tufted eyebrows and drooping eyelids, and even his unsightly big nose, which fully shows the composer's great enthusiasm and imminent strength. On the base of the statue, the author also carved a sentence: "Dionysus who brewed wine for mankind" to express his admiration for Beethoven. Budel created 12 different sculptures for Beethoven in different periods, and this one is the most outstanding.
Edit this laurel of life
Beethoven: 1787 In April, a young man went to Vienna to meet Mozart, a great musician at that time. This man is ugly, short and smart. He shows off his piano skills in front of Mozart, and even Mozart, who is known as a prodigy, is amazed. Immediately said to the friends present: "This young man will definitely make a fire for the music scene." Mozart's prediction became a reality in less than ten years. This man is the famous Beethoven. Beethoven was born in Bonn on the Rhine near Cologne, Germany on 17701February 16. His father, John, was mediocre and addicted to alcohol, and Beethoven had no happiness in his childhood.
The painful voice of my whipped childhood.
His father wanted his son to be a second child prodigy, so that he could enjoy wealth, so he forced him to learn dulcimer. If he fails, he will be defeated. Beethoven spent his childhood in this tragic and painful fate. Beethoven's genius, coupled with hard training the day after tomorrow, is getting higher and higher, even his teacher is not as good as himself. At the age of twelve, Beethoven was employed as a court clavichord and organ musician, and he also assumed the responsibility of supporting his family. Beethoven gained more and more attention in the court, but he was ambitious and went to Vienna to pay homage to Mozart in 1787. Unfortunately, his mother was critically ill in Bonn and died shortly after returning home. This was a great blow to Beethoven, who stayed in Bonn for another five years. Beethoven went to Vienna again in 1792 to realize his ideal. This time, Count Walstam gave a lot of help. In return, Beethoven later created a piano sonata and dedicated it to Walstam. In Vienna, Beethoven received a year's education under Haydn, and then asked for advice from famous teachers such as Schenk, Abel Zberg and Surrey, especially the latter. He studied for ten years.
Break free from bondage and pursue freedom
Beethoven gave his first concert in Vienna. At that time, he personally played his second piano concerto, which left a deep impression on the citizens of Vienna and made him famous. His First Symphony was written later. In the same year, he published three piano trio Beethoven, which established his dual reputation as a performer and composer. In the next five years, he composed piano sonatas No.1 to No.11 and piano concertos No.1 to No.3. 1799, Beethoven completed the first symphony again. With his magical imagination, he successively wrote masterpieces that shocked the music world. In these works, life is full of joy and enthusiasm, showing an unprecedented free artistic conception, breaking through the strict form that even Mozart is bound. When things were smooth sailing, Beethoven's fame reached its peak, but unfortunate fate befell him-he was deaf.
An inaudible giant.
This is a cruel blow. In order to avoid being found deaf, Beethoven gradually lived in isolation and became more and more withdrawn. At this time, he fell in love with 17-year-old girl Juliet Gucci Adi. The famous 14th piano sonata Moonlight is their love work. 1802, Beethoven moved to the quiet village of Heirikin, an hour's drive from Vienna, where he composed the second symphony. But the deterioration of ear disease made him miserable, so he wrote Heiligenstadt's suicide note, stating his tragic experience and misfortune. Later Beethoven rebuilt his confidence because of Kant's philosophy. The best way to forget misfortune is to work hard. At this time, he returned to Vienna, full of music, and wrote a thunderous third symphony in 1803. This song was originally intended to be dedicated to Napoleon, but Beethoven was angry because Napoleon was crowned emperor, so he erased Napoleon's name and renamed it "Symphony of Heroes". In the same year, Beethoven wrote an excellent ninth violin sonata Croce. 1804, he completed the Waldstein Piano Sonata No.21. The following year, he completed the piano sonata No.23 "Passion" and the unique opera "Federio". In this series of works, he showed his real skill, such as "Wahlstein" and "Enthusiasm", which fascinated the world. 1806, he wrote the fourth piano concerto and violin concerto in d major.
In 1808
Beethoven also published the Fifth Symphony Destiny and the Sixth Symphony Pastoral. 1809 Completed the fifth piano concerto "The Emperor". These are all immortal masterpieces.
A volcano full of passion
Beethoven's heart contains endless feelings, exquisite, extraordinary, harmonious and perfect. Beethoven intentionally incorporated his ideas into music. For example, in Destiny V, the motive at the beginning is that the God of Destiny knocks hard at the door, while in Pastoral VI, Beethoven's intentional description of nature is even more striking. In the first movement, he marked the words "a pleasant country".
1809
1996 Napoleon captured Vienna, Prince Gongsun fled one after another, and Beethoven's economy was in trouble. In the days of war, he still stayed in Vienna, painstakingly creating, and his concerto "The Emperor" was written in the rumble of guns. Because the first performances of Destiny and Pastoral didn't win the favor of the Viennese people, Beethoven decided to leave for Germany, but because Duke Rudolph, Prince Robert Gaoweizi and Duke kinski tried their best to keep him, he stayed. Later, Beethoven wrote the Grand Duke Piano Trio, dedicated to these benefactors.
Music flies into the homes of ordinary people.
Since the French Revolution, the air in Europe has taken on a new look, and individual freedom and human rights have been confirmed. Beethoven also popularized music and brought it from the nobility to the whole people. Beethoven's achievements are immortal. After Napoleon's defeat, Vienna resumed its joyful atmosphere. 18 12, Beethoven premiered Symphony No.7 and Symphony No.8 at the concert for the disabled, which caused a sensation. He won the respect of the people of Vienna. Beethoven suffered from physiological deafness from 1804 to 18 14, but during these eleven years, his works were rich in content and had unprecedented historical value. He wrote a brilliant stroke in the treasure house of human music. His seventh symphony has no title, and Wagner thinks it is a symbol of dance, especially the passionate final movement. The Eighth Symphony is the clearest and most refreshing of his nine symphonies. He browses life with a philosophical and detached attitude. Beethoven's third life began in 18 15 years. At that time, he had reached the prime of life and had a more thorough understanding of life. Since then, all the music he wrote, except the ninth symphony "Chorus" and "Solemn Mass", are piano sonatas and string quartets, all of which have inherent and profound spiritual artistic conception.
Le Sheng is not good at human affairs.
Since the death of his younger brother Carl in 18 14, Beethoven has assumed the responsibility of guardianship and raising his nephew. But the adoption process and the problems caused by his nephew afterwards made him suffer a lot. In a word, he cannot transfer his love to his nephew. Beethoven's theory about how to get along with people completely collapsed. Beethoven, the music saint, became more depressed, and his physical condition was more serious, and his economy was very tight. At that time, he was working hard to create two major works-Solemn Mass and Ninth Symphony. In particular, when Rudolph was appointed archbishop, the first song was played for him. It took him about five years to finish it in 1823 due to his heavy responsibilities. On May 7th of the following year, his Ninth Symphony premiered, which pushed his popularity to a new peak. The chorus of "Ode to Joy" in the Ninth Symphony is taken from Schiller's poem "Ode to Joy"