In the preliminary design stage, the possibility of affecting the project investment is 75%-95%, because in the preliminary design stage, the structural form, appearance design, plane layout and decoration standards of buildings should be determined, which accounts for 75%-95% of the total project cost in construction projects; In the technical design stage, only the rationality and feasibility of engineering design are determined, which only accounts for 35%-75% of the total project cost; In the construction drawing design stage, the possibility of affecting the project investment is 5%-35%.
Data analysis shows that the design fee generally accounts for less than 1% of the whole life cost of a construction project, but it is this fee that is less than 1%, which affects 75% of the project cost. Obviously, the key to project investment control lies in the design stage. In order to effectively control the project cost, we must resolutely focus on the design stage and make plans in advance, so as to get twice the result with half the effort.
First of all, we should establish a design consulting guarantee system with expert system as the core. Party A didn't understand the development trend in the early stage of the project, and often felt backward in the use of functions and internal facilities after completion, leaving many regrets, so the design unit should introduce more advanced design concepts in the early stage of the project. The key to improve the design quality is to optimize the design scheme. How to optimize the design scheme? It is an effective method to carry out design consultation. Design consultation means that the owner voluntarily hires authoritative experts or authoritative design institutions for compensation to evaluate and optimize the benefit, quality of the scheme, advanced technology and rationality, so as to determine the optimal design scheme and improve the investment benefit.
The second is to strengthen the review of construction drawing design. Design is the leader of engineering construction. Doing a good job in design review will play an important role in ensuring structural safety and saving investment. It is suggested that the relevant management departments, in combination with the problems in previous years, formulate the matters needing attention and implementation rules for the design review of construction drawings of various professions. In order to reduce and eliminate various problems that may occur in the design stage of construction drawings and improve the passing rate of drawing review.
The third is to strengthen the technical training of designers. China has a vast territory, and design institutes are faced with various complex construction projects with great technical difficulties. Formulating some general standard designs or technical regulations according to regional conditions will play a very good role in ensuring design quality. It is suggested that the relevant administrative departments refer to the national technical measures for civil building engineering design, put forward correct measures for the "common faults" and the most error-prone technical links in engineering design, and formulate unified technical measures for all disciplines. This will play a guiding role in improving the design quality and level, and will also promote the innovative ability of civil architectural design.
The fourth is to increase scientific research. At present, due to the reform of wall materials, there are many new problems to be studied in the design and construction of large-scale mixed structures. The use function of high-rise buildings is becoming more and more complex, which needs to be supplemented and improved by norms. In addition, there are some new topics that need to be studied in advance. The research work time and manpower input are large, the cycle is long, and the effect is slow, so the design institute needs to pay more attention and tilt to the policy.
In addition, a reasonable design cycle should be made. Some owners often shorten the design cycle in order to catch up with the construction period, which has a bad influence on the design quality. In the limited time, in order to hand over the construction drawing as soon as possible, the designer had to give up the in-depth consideration of some aspects, thus affecting the design quality. It is suggested that relevant management departments should give designers the necessary time to demonstrate the scheme when formulating the design cycle. Author: Anonymous In other words, before the formal implementation of the project, the designer will realize the project with a drawing language symbol in advance. Construction drawing is the key to engineering construction, its accuracy is directly related to the economic interests of the construction unit and the construction unit, and it is a true reflection of engineering quality. Chaohu Electric Power Engineering Design Co., Ltd. is approaching the end of the year, earnestly summing up experience and actively discussing how to improve the quality of construction drawing design on the original basis.
Formulate work instructions
Drawing design should not only work hard on technology, but also establish a perfect governance system. Through the governance system, we can reduce the coordination problems among the specialties in the design, and establish work instructions composed of post quality responsibility regulations, management measures for mutual submission of materials by the specialties, design product review system, and power design drawing countersigning system, so as to fully understand and master the working procedures and design requirements of the specialties. Only in this way can we coordinate the design teams of various disciplines and ensure that every link of the substation construction drawing is in place in an orderly manner. On the basis of the governance system, establish a reward and punishment system to improve the sense of responsibility and enthusiasm of designers.
On-site measurement, measurement inspection, and data talks.
According to the scale, engineering characteristics and technical requirements of the project, starting from the actual needs, the construction drawing is drawn by using the results and data of field survey and field measurement, and the data marked on the construction drawing is guaranteed to be accurate. Strictly take the approved design budget as the control target, evaluate the general plan and single design scheme of preliminary design with field data, select the most reasonable construction scheme through calculation, comparison and analysis of technical and economic indicators, and make the engineering list and material list.
Improve the technical level and comprehensive quality of designers.
The quality of construction drawings is closely related to the technical level and quality of designers. While doing a good job in governance, we should strengthen the technical training and professional level of designers and master new technology products. Cultivate the designer's professionalism and meticulous work style, leaving no trivialities and future troubles in the design. For every design engineer, it is required to achieve "four diligence": be familiar with the original materials of various manufacturers, grasp the key points, and find ways to ensure the design quality of construction drawings; Diligent, always remember when finding problems, and keep records when dealing with problems; Leg diligence, in order to obtain accurate design data, we should run diligently to eliminate inaccuracy in the bud; Careful, problems encountered in the design process should be reflected in time. After the completion of the construction drawing design, the construction disclosure shall be made, and the engineering design conditions, design intentions and problems that should be paid attention to shall be introduced to the construction unit, and the problems raised by the construction personnel shall be explained or solved.
Actively return to defense and sum up experiences and lessons in time.
As a designer, we should be good at constantly summing up experiences and lessons in our work. The common problems in the coordination part of design are: the coordination between electrical part and civil part; Coordination between water supply and drainage and building structure; The relationship between the appearance, function and structure of the building; The relationship between various electrical equipment, embedded parts, cable trench and structure, construction characteristics and requirements; Coordination between auxiliary professions, etc. After designing a complete set of substation construction drawings and delivering them to use, we should respond to the defense in time, give feedback, find out the gap, accumulate valuable field experience for future engineering design, and draw a more perfect blueprint for China's power grid. From the perspective of engineering design, I want to improve the design quality from three aspects, so as to plan in advance, control in the process and improve afterwards:
1, plan ahead
Do a good job in project planning, formulate unified design technical standards, clarify the division of labor and responsibilities of each major, collect basic information, and determine a reasonable progress. For routine design work, it is necessary to sort out the standardized design process, clarify the responsibilities and audit points of designers, auditors and auditors at all levels, and do a good job in identifying the qualifications of auditors at all levels. Do a good job in related business construction, and formulate guiding documents such as professional design depth regulations, drawing regulations and design instructions; Sort out the quality cases that have appeared before to avoid the mistakes that have appeared before.
2. Process control
In the process of implementation, time nodes should be strictly controlled; Pay attention to the arrangement and storage of process data, and arrange the calculation book in time; Use official mail as much as possible in the fund-raising process; In the process of implementation, if a major is adjusted, the relevant major should be informed; Do a good job in auditing, checking and approving; Do a good job in the joint examination and countersignature of various professions; Organize project meetings regularly.
Step 3 improve afterwards
After the design is completed, summarize and review the whole design process in time and make continuous improvement. Those who are responsible for quality problems should be punished accordingly as a warning. To improve the design quality, efforts should be made in the following five aspects:
1, based on customer demand. Paying attention to customers' needs and considering design factors from each other's perspective will make our design more practical and instructive.
2. Save the thoughts that pass by occasionally. Design is not always inspiration. When ideas appear, we should record these inspirations even if we are not in the process of design.
3. Learn from excellent design. Everyone has his own style, and excellent design is also different. We should be good at summing up these characteristics.
4. Observe the beauty in life. Being a person who loves life is good at discovering the beauty in life and integrating these beautiful and unique elements into his own design.
5. Brand awareness. After your own design reaches a certain level, you should have obvious personal characteristics and take your own design as the goal of brand design.