Concept and origin
Burnout refers to the state that individuals are physically and mentally exhausted and exhausted under work pressure.
This concept was first put forward by De Bao in 1974. He believes that job burnout is a symptom of emotional exhaustion, which is most likely to appear in the process of helping others. Later, Maslach and others called the psychological syndrome caused by coping with long-term emotional and interpersonal stressors at work job burnout. Research shows that job burnout includes three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decreased personal accomplishment. Generally speaking, job burnout is an extreme reaction when individuals can't cope with work pressure smoothly, and it is a state of exhaustion of emotions, attitudes and behaviors experienced by individuals under long-term pressure.
Characterization feature
Are you always not interested in your work? Are you tired of your current professional status? You used to be extremely efficient, but now your work performance is obviously declining and you are tired?
If you have the above "symptoms", it means that you are facing a crisis of job burnout. Being aware of these crises and actively adjusting them will help you find your passion for work again.
There is a motive behind people's behavior, which psychology calls motivation.
Motivation has the function of arousing, regulating and maintaining behavior, and its generation is closely related to people's needs and interests. When the motivation disappears, the behavior it promotes is over. Therefore, when people are not interested in the work they are engaged in or lack motivation, but have to do it, they will feel bored, physically and mentally exhausted, and their work performance will be significantly reduced. In the long run, people will face the crisis of job burnout.
classify
Job burnout generally includes the following three aspects:
1. Emotional exhaustion: refers to the lack of energy and enthusiasm for work, and I feel that my feelings are in a state of extreme fatigue. Discovery is the core latitude of job burnout, and the symptoms are the most obvious.
2. Disintegration of personality: it refers to deliberately keeping a distance from the object of work, adopting an indifferent and neglected attitude towards the object of work and the environment, perfunctory, stagnant personal development, eccentric behavior, and applying for dispatch.
3. Low sense of powerlessness or personal accomplishment: refers to the negative tendency to evaluate oneself, accompanied by the decline of work ability experience and achievement experience, and thinks that work not only can not give full play to one's talents, but also is boring.
Job mismatch theory
Job burnout begins at work, which directly affects the state of job preparation, and then reacts to work, leading to the deterioration of work state and further deepening of job burnout. This is a vicious circle, which is extremely destructive to the work. Therefore, how to effectively eliminate job burnout is of great significance for stabilizing the workforce and improving job performance.
Maslach and Leiter put forward the job matching theory of job burnout in 1997. They believe that the more employees do not match their jobs in the following six aspects, the more likely they are to experience job burnout, including:
Workload: such as overwork;
Control power: the mismatch of control power is related to the sense of powerlessness in job burnout, which usually indicates that the individual does not have enough control over the resources needed in the work, or that the individual does not have enough authority to use the most effective working methods;
Remuneration: it can refer to economic remuneration, and more refers to living remuneration;
Socialization: For example, employees have no active contact with their colleagues around them (individuals may be isolated or lack social contact because of their work, but at the same time, conflicts with others at work have a serious impact);
Fairness: it is caused by the unfairness of workload or salary, and evaluating the unfairness of promotion is easy to bring emotional exhaustion;
Conflict of values: the values of employees are inconsistent with those of colleagues or bosses around them.
The theory of job mismatch advocates the intervention training plan of job burnout, which should focus on the transformation of job mismatch. This requires not only personal training for employees, but also management training. Management training refers to changing one or more of the above six kinds of job mismatch, which requires the cooperation of the organization. Only when employees and organizations intervene in a two-pronged manner can we get satisfactory results. This theory plays a guiding role in current organizational intervention.
Although there is no clear answer to the effective intervention of job burnout at present, experts in this field have given some suggestions based on existing research and their own experience, hoping to help individuals and organizations in the predicament of job burnout. Among them, the intervention for individuals emphasizes:
Cognitive change: require individuals to know their own abilities and opportunities more clearly, and will not have job burnout because of inappropriate expectations and failed efforts;
Face problems positively: take more active measures to deal with them instead of avoiding them;
Attribution training: attributing the causes of problems to factors that individuals can control, such as ability and effort, will help you become a more internal control person;
In addition, expressing your views more actively, trying to change the environment, eating and exercising properly will help you escape from job burnout.
For the leaders of enterprises or organizations, facing the job burnout of employees, we should not stand by and let them develop. The following measures can help you effectively reduce and reduce employees' job burnout:
Clear task assignment;
1. Clarify roles and responsibilities;
2. Provide constructive feedback;
3. Accept more employees' opinions on process and reengineering;
4. When evaluating work performance, the advantages, contributions, mistakes and shortcomings of employees should be placed in an important position;
5. Provide job-related training and information.
Detailed explanation of job burnout countermeasures
As an objective existence, job burnout has become an obstacle to many people's positive behavior. How to make them bid farewell to burnout, I think we can make effective attempts from the following two aspects.
First, change the stressors that lead to burnout. Recently, the first survey of Ningbo enterprise managers' pain index published by Business Daily and North-South Talent Network shows that "my superiors always don't trust me, and my authorization is insufficient" and "the company's predetermined work goal is too high" are the most painful stressors. Therefore, as the boss and the manager of the management department, we should highlight the characteristics of emotional management as much as possible and truly embody the management concept of "people-oriented" instead of blindly exerting pressure; Strive to create a relaxed and harmonious working atmosphere, provide employees with opportunities for interpersonal communication, and solve employees' depression and doubts in time; At the same time, establish a new evaluation system and adjust the competition mechanism to meet the achievement needs of most employees. To some extent, this can buffer the psychological pressure of employees and reduce the occurrence of job burnout. This needs the concern of the whole society. But this is independent of the will of employees.
Secondly, improve their ability to understand mental health and the most basic ability to use psychological strategies, not just hope for the change of stressors. This is the root of farewell to burnout. This is very effective.
(1) Know yourself: that is, know your self-worth, master your strengths and weaknesses, predict the signs of burnout, and know whether your subjective emotions have affected your physical and mental changes and whether you are ready to cope with stress. Only by positive self-knowledge can we face up to the objective existence of stress situations; Only in this way can we bravely face all kinds of phenomena, treat all people and things in the surrounding environment accurately, psychologically control ourselves and strive to maintain a positive balance with the surrounding environment, and become the masters of our own actions, thus avoiding physical and mental harm caused by stress; Only in this way can we adjust ourselves to the foreseeable pressure, actively set the buffer zone and improve the psychological coping level. Therefore, only by getting rid of our own shadow and correctly understanding ourselves and the surrounding environment can we regard change as a normal thing, constantly accept the stimulation of change, actively, happily and actively meet the challenges of life and get rid of burnout.
(2) Seek positive coping methods: Coping refers to the ability to successfully cope with environmental challenges or problems. Usually, positive coping style can make you face psychological pressure effectively and restore the balance between physiology and psychology; Negative coping often makes people nervous, continue to consume their potential, produce burnout, and even lead to mental illness.
1, using the strategy of psychological suggestion
Hinting refers to exerting influence on people's psychology and behavior in an implicit and indirect way without adopting a confrontational attitude. This psychological influence is manifested in making people act in a certain way or accept certain opinions and beliefs. Hint has a great influence on people's psychology and behavior. Positive suggestion can help the implied person to stabilize his mood, build up confidence and overcome difficulties and setbacks. Everyone can use self-suggestion as a strategy to improve their ability to cope with stress. Never complain, shrink back or feel sorry for yourself when you are at a loss, otherwise people will easily fall into burnout and cannot extricate themselves. At this time, I have to remind myself repeatedly in words: "One thing, one thing, I will definitely finish everything", "It's a day to go there", "Work is very interesting", "It's better to do it happily than painfully", "It's your luck to have someone to help you, it's a just fate to have no one to help you, you won't do anything for you, you have to rely on yourself",
I firmly believe that "Bitterness and happiness are in the subjective mind, not in the objective things", "I am happy because I feel happy" … Learn to say to myself at any time: "The sun is new every day, even if it is cloudy, it is a different kind of beauty" and "A positive attitude towards life is more important than life itself". When faced with a lonely, lonely and unfulfilled working environment, we should learn to reward ourselves and cheer for ourselves. Even if you make a little progress, don't forget to say to yourself, "Oh, I did really well. I will continue to work hard tomorrow! " . Under the constant self-suggestion of this kind of words, the individual will change from impatience, discouragement and discouragement to emotional stability, orderliness, self-confidence, and self-confidence and ability to control various pressures. Their psychological state has been adjusted, and their level of psychological activities has been improved, so that they can always maintain an optimistic attitude, constantly seek new fun in their sufferings, and become a person who loves life, treats life well and is full of passion for life.
2, learn to adapt to the strategy
Have you ever heard of Charlie, the host of NBC TV program and one of the best announcers in the Professional Football Hall of Fame? People who tell Jones stories often have a deep feeling that refusing to change because of fear will often make things worse; If you can actively cope with the pressure brought by various changes and challenges in your life, and respond quickly and flexibly, you will certainly find your own way in the maze. It may cost you a lot of hardships and costs, but it will help you succeed in the changing times. Therefore, in the face of all kinds of stress events and pressures, we must not complain blindly, but adjust our mentality in time, learn to adapt and look at the pressure from another angle. Learn to appreciate the pressure that gives us a headache, because without pressure, our life may be different. And actively participate in the change, so as not to feel greatly hurt. Seri, a master of stress research, once said: "Many people feel failed at some stage, and a big reason is that they are unwilling to change the status quo." Change with pressure, this is the most critical adaptation problem, and only you can help yourself. If you want to change, then act!
In the next chapter of Guan Zi Xin Shu, it is recorded: "The mind-schemer governs his mind by doing nothing." Using psychological strategies to influence psychological state can continuously improve one's psychological level and bid farewell to burnout. For those who have already appeared, we can't find any abnormal discomfort through hospital investigation, so we should actively consider seeking the help of psychologists to prevent and treat them as soon as possible.