Principle of comprehensive evidence collection
To carry out genetic counseling, we must first get the correct diagnosis as much as possible. Accurate diagnosis is not only very important for calculating the risk of disease, but also necessary for accurate prenatal diagnosis in the future. In order to get an accurate diagnosis, in addition to the relevant case data, we must also obtain as much other information as possible, such as photos of the deceased, autopsy reports, hospitalization records, previous genetic diagnosis test reports, etc., which can provide positive or negative information for diagnosis. The history of abortion and stillbirth is also of great significance.
03
Non-mandatory principle
It means that consulting doctors provide relevant knowledge and the possibility of various choices through direct dialogue with subjects and their families, and hand over various decision-making rights related to the examination, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases to subjects and their families. In the selection of genetic counseling, there is no absolutely right scheme, and there is no absolutely wrong scheme. Therefore, the non-mandatory principle has always been the principle followed by medical genetic counseling, and it has also been recognized by the genetic counseling expert Committee of the World Health Organization. In 2003, the former Ministry of Health promulgated the Administrative Measures for Prenatal Diagnosis, which clearly stipulated that doctors could give medical advice and subjects and their families had the right to choose.
04
Principle of respecting object
Fully respect the right of decision-making and informed consent of the object and its family members, pay close attention to the psychological state of the object and give necessary psychological counseling. The client's psychological burden is heavy, and anxiety, guilt and shame are common manifestations of the client in the consultation process, especially during the period of lack of understanding of the disease and waiting for the diagnosis result. Therefore, in the process of consultation, we must put the consultant's own interests first, explain the exposed problems purposefully, and minimize the psychological pressure of consultants and their families.
05
Informed consent principle
In order not to hurt the patient's feelings and let the patient's hopes be dashed, family members often hope that the doctor will not tell the patient the truth. With the change of modern moral standards, telling the truth has become a moral obligation. Especially for prenatal diagnosis technology and diagnosis results, the attending physician should inform pregnant women or their families of the safety, effectiveness and risks of prenatal diagnosis technology and genetic testing technology in a scientific and responsible manner, so that pregnant women or their families can understand the possible risks and uncertainty of the results.
06
Principle of confidentiality
Keeping secrets is a professional ethics of genetic counseling. Fully respect the privacy rights of the subjects and their families, keep the disease information confidential, and shall not disclose it without the consent of the subjects. It is against this principle to inform third parties, including work units, insurance companies, schools and media, without permission. The privacy of the consultation room should be guaranteed, and the consultation time should not be disturbed by the outside world. If other medical personnel are required to participate in the consultation, the consent of the subjects and their families should be obtained in advance.