What's the difference between China's current education system and the imperial examination system?

Strictly speaking, the fairness and justice embodied in the imperial examination are relative. First of all, to pass the grade selection of the imperial examination, it is necessary to have a "ten-year cold window" to study hard, while the poor have the least opportunities for education and it is difficult to pay the examination fees. Obviously, the competition with the well-off people is not equal. Secondly, women have no right to be promoted to official positions. Thirdly, in essence, the imperial examination system that rewards a few successful candidates with a lot of wealth and social prestige cannot maintain the political fairness of ordinary people. Nevertheless, in the ancient society of China, which paid special attention to human feelings, face and relationships, the imperial examination was "surprisingly selfless". (Note: (America) Fei Zhengqing, translated by Sun Zexian and Chen Zexian: America and China, Commercial Press, 197 1 Edition, p.41Page. ) The spirit of fair competition and survival of the fittest embodied in the principle of separation of examination and education has the characteristics of surpassing the feudal era with strict hierarchy in China. 2. Preventing Cheating As a large-scale unified examination in ancient China, the imperial examination system implemented the principle of separating examination from teaching. Although the imperial examination and school education are highly consistent in teaching content and standards, they are relatively independent in their responsibilities. The school only cares about teaching and does not participate in all the work of the imperial examination. The central official school belongs to imperial academy, a subordinate of Shangshu Ritual Department, and the imperial examination is the exclusive department of Shangshu Ritual Department. Examiners who have obtained the national examination or above are selected by the imperial court. This principle of separation of examination and teaching at least effectively eliminates the possibility of cheating in the examination from the responsibility. In addition, in order to ensure the seriousness and authority of the imperial examination as a "national talent competition", the central government has also formulated a set of strict measures from proposition to admission, including: First, the "locked examination" system. As soon as the examiner is appointed, he will go to the examination hall to avoid contact with the outside world and even relatives and friends to avoid bribery and fraud. Second, strict examination room and examination rules, including the guarantee when registering, the guarantee for students, the roll call and search before the exam, the patrol during the exam and the maintenance of the order of the examination room. Third, the label copy easy roll system. After the candidates hand in their papers, the sealer will stamp the candidates' resumes, names and other names, and then give them to the copywriter to copy the ink rolls into Zhu rolls, which can only be sent to the examiner for approval after the students check them correctly. Fourth, the second interview system. In order to prevent fraud in the process of admission, the imperial examination adopted a strict re-examination system for all those who were admitted. Fifth, the avoidance system. The relatives of the principal officials who preside over the examination should avoid the science examination. In the Qing Dynasty, the challenge system involved almost everyone who took the exam. For example, in the 21st year of Qianlong ((1756)), it was stipulated that all the descendants and close relatives of examiners, such as examiners, associate examiners, clinical examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examiners, examine The imperial examination has existed in the history of China for more than 1300 years. It was the focus of the whole education system and the primary content of humanistic education activities at that time, which became the focus of most people's attention at that time and had a far-reaching impact on all aspects of China feudal society. Some traditions formed in the imperial examination for more than a thousand years still stubbornly remain in reality in potential forms. A hundred years ago, the imperial examination was disgracefully withdrawn from the historical stage, and its voice was already foggy. However, in contemporary society, there are some "amazing similarities" with history. Today, people once again put the college entrance examination system together and call it "modern imperial examination". The whole society is angrily attacking the "one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate" and the baton function of the college entrance examination. Academics and ordinary people are also arguing about the abolition of the college entrance examination. If we can transcend personal feelings, look at the imperial examination coldly and learn its essence and lessons, we may be able to reduce many mistakes and detours in the decision-making and operation of the college entrance examination; Even if history and reality are not completely on the same track, they can at least inspire our thinking. 1. The shadow of "chasing films" and "one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate" can be described as a hot topic in education and even the whole society in recent years, and it is often in a very conspicuous position in newspapers and magazines. Film-chasing is directly related to the admission rate of college entrance examination, which is an abnormal educational phenomenon accompanied by fierce competition. It goes hand in hand with the college entrance examination and becomes a lasting dark cloud hanging over the college entrance examination, hence the name "Black July". It also gives the college entrance examination the function of "magic wand", which makes the education of the whole middle school, even primary school and kindergarten run exhausted under the command of this magic wand, and complaints are endless. Nowadays, people have become more and more aware that "film-chasing" is endangering the social atmosphere of 2 1 century and China's international competitiveness under the appearance of destroying the normal teaching order, and the voice of "film-chasing" is getting higher and higher. In fact, it is not surprising that the educational phenomenon of "chasing films" germinated and gestated with the competition of college entrance examination in the 1960s. In China, the hometown of examinations, the phenomenon of "chasing films" has existed since ancient times. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the role of the imperial examination system in selecting talents was paid more and more attention by the rulers. The imperial court measures the advantages and disadvantages of state and county schools and rewards officials, mainly based on the imperial examinations and rates of each school. In the Song Dynasty, the imperial examination in Cai Jing was suspended, and the three academies promoted tribute, and the rate of promoting tribute (the rate of enrollment) became the main criterion for judging school performance. The instructor takes the exam as the first item and is very educated. Note that many people were promoted from Gong to Bi Yong. (Note: The "official" in Song Yaohui is fifty-nine and fifteen. The pursuit of enrollment rate established the central position of imperial examination in education. The imperial examination system, which is directly linked to fame and fortune, strengthens the official standard system, attracts scholars to devote themselves to the examination room, and spends a lifetime in the fierce competition in the examination room, which is sad but regrettable. Isn't today's "film chase" the same? Then, can we only let the "movie chase" and the wand of the college entrance examination destroy and direct the teaching order more and more rampant and do nothing? The answer is no. In fact, we have a lot to offer. First, continue to reform the political system, dilute the official standard color, and provide a variety of ways to become successful. The second is to reform the college entrance examination, including the subjects, contents and forms of life questions. The third is to change the educational values of the diploma first, so that people can change from competing for the college entrance examination to taking a multi-directional overpass. 2. Preservation or Abolishment of the College Entrance Examination 1952 The unified college entrance examination established is in the same strain as the unified imperial examination in ancient China. Like the imperial examination, the college entrance examination, as a system for selecting talents, has made great contributions to the growth of talents and the development of national culture. However, for decades, there have been many drawbacks in the operation. In order to change the negative influence of examination on education and teaching, some commentators put forward the idea of abolishing the college entrance examination. The educational circles have launched a series of debates and discussions on this. The existence or abolition of college entrance examination is related to national policies, national future and people's personal destiny, and has become a major issue that teachers, students, parents and even the whole society are eagerly concerned about. The current debate about the advantages and disadvantages of the college entrance examination is similar to several debates about the abolition of the imperial examination in history! We might as well turn our attention to the imperial examination again. Scholars have been established since the first year of Yang Di Daye (605) (Note: Liu Haifeng: Perspective of Imperial Examination Education, Hubei Education Press, 1996, pp. 24-26. Since then, the imperial examination of "everything is subject to literature" has shown great vitality and given full play to the positive role of fair selection of talents. However, due to its outstanding disadvantages, there have been debates or reforms on the advantages and disadvantages of the imperial examination system in past dynasties, six of which have had a great influence. (Note: Liu Haifeng: Analysis of the reasons for the long-term existence of the Imperial Examination, Journal of Xiamen University (Philosophy Edition) No.4+0997. These six debates or reforms all took place at the highest decision-making level in feudal society, and they were repeated under different historical conditions, with striking similarities. Results After several short interruptions, the imperial examination system was suspended due to man-made disturbances, and it is still regarded as the primary way to select talents in various dynasties. An important reason why the imperial examination system has existed for a long time in history is that "the imperial examination system is a rare system with fair spirit in China's hierarchical feudal society". (Note: Liu Haifeng: Analysis of the reasons for the long-term existence of the Imperial Examination, Journal of Xiamen University (Philosophy Edition) No.4+0997. ) and the fairness and justice of the imperial examination is precisely guaranteed by the unified examination presided over by the state. It has been generally recognized that the spirit of fairness and social benefits of the modern college entrance examination system, which is in the same strain as the imperial examination system, is also due to the unified examination. Therefore, no matter from the history of imperial examinations or the current reality in China, we should adhere to the unified college entrance examination. Although the college entrance examination has great limitations and disadvantages, it is the same as the imperial examination system, "borrowing the soil of legislation, but that's all." "The contradictory interaction between the imperial examination and school education in history ended with the abolition of the imperial examination, because the content of the imperial examination was unreasonable and could not keep up with the development of the times, and today's college entrance examination content adapted to the requirements of the times. Correctly handling the relationship between examination and education is not to cancel the college entrance examination, but to improve the content and form of examination, so as to better promote the development of middle school education and teaching.