1, general provisions
1. 1. The layout of the construction site should be meticulous, and the slagging, feeding and material stacking sites should be arranged reasonably. The slag dump should be set in a position that does not block the river, pollute the environment or destroy farmland. Make unified arrangements for facilities such as wind, water and electricity, which will be basically completed before entering the cave.
1.2. Before entering the tunnel, it is necessary to make good preparations for the tunnel entrance project, stabilize the slope and uphill of the tunnel entrance, and make good drainage facilities such as drainage ditch and side ditch to ensure that the surface water will not endanger the safety of tunnel construction.
1.3. During tunnel construction, a perfect handover system should be established between teams, and the construction and safety conditions should be recorded in the handover record book. The person in charge on duty at the construction site should carefully check the handover situation.
1.4. All personnel entering the tunnel site must be equipped with safety protection articles according to regulations, abide by the rules and obey the instructions.
1.5. In case of unfavorable geological sections, the construction should be carried out steadily according to the principles of water control first, short excavation, weak blasting, strong support and early lining. If adverse geological conditions are pointed out in the design documents, advance drilling should be carried out when necessary to find out the situation and take preventive measures.
1.6. This regulation is applicable to the construction of mountain highway tunnels, not to underwater highway tunnels.
2. Digging, drilling and blasting
2. 1 Excavation and drilling
2. 1. 1 After the miners arrive at the work site, they should first check whether the working face is in a safe state, whether the support is firm, and whether the roof and two sides are stable. If there are loose stones, clods or cracks, they should be removed or supported first.
2. 1.2 When excavating a soil tunnel manually, the operators must cooperate with each other and keep the necessary safe operating distance.
2. 1.3 when drilling mechanically, a wet rock drill or a rock drill with a dust collector should be adopted.
2. 1.4 When standing on the ballast pile, pay attention to the stability of the ballast pile to prevent people from slipping.
2. 1.5 When drilling with a pneumatic drill, first check whether the fuselage, bolts, clamps, springs and supports are normal and intact; Whether the pipe joint is firm and whether there is air leakage; Whether the drill pipe is straight, damaged and blocked; Whether the water supply of wet rock drill is normal; Whether the dust catching facilities of dry rock drill are in good condition. Do not meet the requirements should be repaired or replaced.
2. 1.6 When drilling with a pneumatic drill with a bracket, the bracket must be firmly placed. When the pneumatic drill is stuck, it should be pulled out loosely with plate pliers, and knocking is not allowed. The drill pipe should not be removed before the wind power is turned off.
2. 1.7 Wind and electric drill shall not be disassembled or repaired in the working face.
2. 1.8 It is forbidden to continue drilling in the residual eye.
2.2 blasting
2.2. 1 charging and drilling should not be operated in parallel.
2.2.2 The blasting equipment processing room shall be located in a safe place 50m away from the hole. It is forbidden to transform and process blasting equipment outside the processing room. When blasting equipment must be processed in long tunnel construction, the setting of the processing room should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national blasting safety regulations (GB6722-86).
2.2.3 It is forbidden to wear chemical fiber clothing for blasting operation and blasting equipment processing personnel.
2.2.4 When blasting, all personnel should leave the site with a safe distance of:
(1) single-headed roadway is not less than 200m；;
(2) Adjacent upper and lower tunnels shall not be less than100m;
(3) No less than 50m between adjacent parallel tunnels, transverse channels and transverse holes;
(4) When full-face excavation is used for deep-hole blasting (hole depth is 3-5m), it should not be less than 500m.
2.2.5 The number of launches per day in the hole should be clearly specified, and the charging time should not be too long.
2.2.6 Before charging, check whether the support near the blasting face is firm; The mud and stone powder in the hole should be blown clean; The heat of the hole just punched out is too high, so it is not allowed to charge immediately. In case of insufficient lighting, found that quicksand and debris flow have not been properly handled, or there may be a large number of caves gushing water, charging blasting is strictly prohibited.
2.2.7 Black powder shall not be used for blasting in the hole.
2.2.8 It is forbidden to ignite with naked flame when sparks are triggered. The fuse length should ensure that people can evacuate to a safe place after ignition, but it should not be shorter than1.2m..
A blaster shall not ignite more than 5 pieces at a time. If more than five guns are fired at a time, the timing fuse should be ignited first, and the length of the timing fuse should not exceed 1/3 of the shortest fuse length in this time. When the timing fuse blows, all blasting workers must leave the working face regardless of whether the fuse is lit or not.
2.2.9 In order to prevent lighting interruption during shooting, the shooter should carry a flashlight with him, and it is forbidden to use open flame lighting.
2.2. 10 When blasting with electric detonator, it must comply with the current national blasting safety regulations (GB6722-86).
The relevant provisions of the, and should strengthen the management of power supply in the hole, to prevent leakage detonation. When charging, floodlights and miner's lamps can be used for lighting. The detonating fuse should be suspended, and the distance from various conductors must be greater than1m.
2.2. 1 1 After blasting, inspectors can only enter the working face after ventilation and smoke exhaust 15 minutes to check whether there are "misfires" and suspicious phenomena; Whether there are residual explosives or detonators; Whether there are loose stones on both sides of the roof; Whether the bracket is damaged or deformed. After proper handling and confirmation, other workers can enter the working face.
2.2. 12 When "misfire" is found, it must be handled by the original blasting personnel according to regulations.
2.2. 13 when loading guns, wooden gun sticks should be used for charging, and kindling is strictly prohibited. Irrelevant personnel and machines should be evacuated to a safe place.
2.2. 14 When the two working faces are close to being connected, the two ends should strengthen contact and unified command. The distance between two working faces in rock roadway is close to 15m (20m for soft rock). Charge at one end, and the personnel at the other end should coordinate the shooting time. Contact and vigilance should be strengthened before shooting to prevent other personnel from straying into the danger zone.
When connecting with tunnels with broken soil or rocks, the safe distance of connection should be appropriately increased according to lithology. At this time, only one end is allowed to drive, and the personnel and machines at the other end should be evacuated to a safe place. After the completion of the pilot tunnel should be supervised by designated personnel, and it is strictly forbidden for non-construction personnel to pass.
3. In-hole transportation
3. 1 All kinds of vehicles entering the tunnel must be in good condition and have effective braking, and it is forbidden to mix people and things.
3.2 All kinds of machinery and vehicles entering the tunnel should be powered by diesel engines with purification devices, and vehicles and machinery burning gasoline are not allowed to enter the tunnel (except those with good ventilation that can meet the requirements of "ventilation and dust prevention" in this chapter).
3.3 All vehicles are not allowed to be overloaded, too wide or too high. When transporting large-volume or super-long materials, there should be a special person to command them, and a brick truck should be used to transport them, and a red light should be set up to warn them.
3.4 People entering and leaving the tunnel should walk on the sidewalk, and no machinery or vehicles are allowed to get in the way. It is forbidden to pick up a car, chase a car or force a ride.
3.5 ballast
3.5. 1 Manual dynamic load shall stop the vehicle and brake. When the hopper is full of ballast, it should have a contact signal, when it is full, it should send a signal to stop the leakage, and cover the ballast leakage port in time. When picking up the dross, no one can pass under the funnel mouth.
3.5.2 Manual ballasting shall stop the vehicle and brake. It is forbidden to stand in the hopper to pick up the dross.
3.5.3 During mechanical ballast, the tunnel section should meet the safe operation of the loader, and the cables or high-pressure hoses on the loader should be kept by special personnel. No one is allowed to pass through when the ballast machine is running.
3.6 in-hole transportation
3.6. 1 Rail transportation shall comply with the following provisions:
(1) The radius of horizontal curve in the tunnel should not be less than 7 times of the wheelbase; Outside the hole should not be less than 10 times;
(2) During double-track transportation, the clear distance between vehicles should be greater than 0.4m, and the clear distance between vehicles and pit wall or supporting edge should not be less than 0.2m. 。
(3) However, when the line is transported, a sidewalk with a width of not less than 0.7m should be set on one side, and a wrong lane should be set at an appropriate place, and its length should meet the requirements of the longest train operation;
(4) The slope of the track in the tunnel should be consistent with the longitudinal slope of the tunnel, and an uphill slope of not less than 1% should be set in the ballast unloading area;
5] At the end of the line, parking devices and signs should be set up, as well as a sufficiently wide unloading platform;
[6] The transportation line shall be maintained by special personnel, and the waste residue and residual materials on both sides of the line shall be cleaned at any time.
3.6.2 The rail transport operation of electric traction can be handled with reference to the relevant provisions of "Coal Mine Safety Regulations" (No.9/KLOC-0 [86] of the Ministry of Coal).
3.6.3 Trackless transportation shall comply with the following provisions:
(1) The transportation speed in the tunnel shall not exceed: 5 km/h for rickshaws; Motor vehicles on the construction site are 10km/h, and tractors are15 km/h; The motor vehicle is 20km/h in the non-operating area, 15km/h when there is a tractor, and10km/h when the vehicle meets;
(2) overtaking is strictly prohibited when the vehicle is driving;
⑶ Set "Go Slow" signs at the entrance, crossing and narrow construction area, and assign special personnel to direct traffic when necessary;
(4) All construction equipment and machinery parked near the vehicle operation boundary shall be provided with low-voltage red flashing lights at the outer edge to form a display boundary to prevent the transport vehicles from colliding;
5] when reversing and turning in the hole, you must turn on the light or be commanded;
[6] An uphill section should be reserved for the ballast unloading section outside the hole, and a stop should be set at 0.8m inside the edge of the ballast pile;
Once the pavement should have a certain smoothness, and maintenance by designated personnel;
(8) When vehicles or pedestrians pass through the hole, turn off the headlights and change them to low beam lights or small lights.
3.7 Transportation of blasting equipment
3.7. 1 When transporting blasting equipment outside the tunnel project, the Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Administration of Civil Explosives shall be observed.
3.7.2 In any case, detonators and explosives must be transported separately in covered containers. When transporting detonators and explosives manually, one person shall not transport them at the same time; When transporting by car, detonators and explosives must be transported in two cars respectively, and the distance between the two cars should be more than 50m. When railway vehicles are transported, detonators and explosives should not be transported on the same train. If it must be transported on the same train, the vehicles loaded with detonators and explosives must be separated by three empty cars.
3.7.3 When transporting blasting equipment by manpower, it must be escorted by special personnel and sent directly to the construction site, and no stopover is allowed; The quantity of explosives transported by one person at a time shall not exceed 20kg or the original package shall be one box.
3.7.4 When transporting blasting equipment, the automobile exhaust port should be equipped with a fire cover, and a red light should be displayed during operation. The equipment must be escorted by the blaster, and it is forbidden for other personnel to take it away. The loading height of blasting equipment shall not exceed the edge of the carriage, and the loading height of detonator or nitroglycerin explosive shall not exceed the second floor.
3.7.5 When transporting blasting equipment, the speed of the rail car shall not exceed 2m/s, and the escort and loading and unloading personnel are only allowed to sit on the tail car, and other personnel are strictly prohibited. Nitroglycerin explosives or detonators must be placed in a special wooden box with a cover. The car should be covered with rubber or sacks, and only one layer is allowed.
3.7.6 It is forbidden to use dump trucks, dump trucks, trailers, tractors, motor tricycles, human tricycles, bicycles, motorcycles and belt conveyors to transport blasting equipment.
Step 4 support
4. 1 After the excavation of various parts of the tunnel (including vertical shaft, inclined shaft, horizontal tunnel and parallel pilot tunnel), effective support must be taken according to the surrounding rock conditions and construction methods, except that the surrounding rock is complete and hard and the support is not required according to the design documents.
4.2 During the construction period, the person in charge of on-site construction shall, jointly with relevant personnel, regularly inspect the supporting department. In bad geological areas, each section and each shift should be inspected by designated personnel at any time. When the bracket is found to be deformed or damaged, it should be repaired and reinforced immediately. When the deformation or damage is serious, the construction personnel should leave the site before reinforcement.
4.3 The joint between horizontal tunnel and auxiliary tunnel (horizontal tunnel, parallel pilot tunnel, etc.) should be strengthened with support or permanently lined as soon as possible. ) in the hole section and hole. The support of the hole section should be a gondola car more than 5∽8m outside the hole, and the top should be stably supported by earth pressure, which can only be removed after the hole-making is completed.
4.4 The support in the hole shall be carried out with the excavation, and the distance between the support and the excavation surface shall generally not exceed 4m; In case of gravel, severe weathering and soil tunnel, the supporting face should be reduced as much as possible. When there is a short-term shutdown, the support should directly reach the working face.
4.5 Support columns shall not be placed on waste residue or movable stones. Pillars in weak surrounding rock areas should be padded with pads or beams and plugged with wooden wedges.
4.6 When excavating the funnel hole, strengthen the support and cover the plate; Tunnels for people to get on and off should be equipped with solid escalators.
4.7 when using wood support, hard and elastic wood such as pine and cypress shirts should be selected, and the tip diameter of beams and columns should not be less than 20cm, and the span should not be less than 25cm and more than 4m; The diameter of other connecting rods shall not be less than 15cm, and the thickness of boards shall not be less than 5cm. The wooden support should be simple and upright, easy to dismantle and install, and ensure the transportation clearance of the tunnel.
4.8 The installation of steel supports shall be hoisted with small machines and tools, and the provisions of "Hoisting" in this Code shall be observed.
4.9 During bolting and shotcreting support, dangerous stones should be removed, scaffolding should be solid and reliable, and spray hands should wear protective articles; Mechanical parts should be in good condition and normal, and the pressure should be kept at about 0.2Mpa; It is forbidden to put the nozzle of grouting pipe on people.
4. 10 when it is found that the surrounding rock of the shotcrete anchor section has great deformation or the anchor rod fails, a reinforced anchor rod should be immediately added in this section, and its length should not be less than 1.5 times of the original anchor rod length. If the sudden change or deformation of surrounding rock exceeds the design allowable value after shotcreting, steel support should be used for support.
4. 1 1 When it is found that the measured data has abnormal change or mutation, the displacement value in the hole or the ground is greater than the allowable displacement value, cracks appear in the hole or the ground, and abnormal cracks appear in the spray layer, the operator must be informed to leave the site immediately, and the construction can be continued only after the treatment measures are formulated.
5. Ventilation and dust prevention
5. 1 tunnel working environment standard
5. 1. 1 allowable concentration of dust: dust containing more than free silica 10% per cubic meter of air must be below 2mg.
5. 1.2 Oxygen shall not be less than 20% (by volume, the same below).
5. 1.3 gas (biogas) or carbon dioxide shall not exceed 0.5%.
5. 1.4 carbon monoxide shall not exceed 30mg/m3.
5. 1.5 The concentration of nitrogen oxides (converted into nitrogen dioxide) should be below 5mg/m3.
5. 1.6 The concentration of sulfur dioxide shall not exceed 15mg/m3.
5. 1.7 The concentration of hydrogen sulfide shall not exceed 10 mg/m3.
5. 1.8 The concentration of ammonia shall not exceed 30mg/m3.
5. 1.9 The temperature in the tunnel should not exceed 28℃.
5.2 The air composition in the tunnel shall be sampled and analyzed at least once a month; Test the wind speed and dust content at least once a month.
5.3 Ventilation during tunnel construction shall be managed by special personnel. Each person shall be guaranteed to provide 1.5∽3m3 of fresh air every minute.
5.4 No matter whether the ventilator is running or not, it is forbidden to stay near the inlet and outlet of the air duct. When the ventilator stops running, no one is allowed to go near the ventilation hose and stay next to it, and nothing is allowed to be placed on the ventilation pipe or nozzle.
5.5 During the construction, a wet rock drill should be used to drill holes, and slurry sealing blasting and wet shotcrete should be used to reduce the dust concentration.
5.6 The following dust-proof work should be done in the ballast drilling face:
(1) Spraying should be carried out before and after shooting;
(2) Before the slag is discharged, water is used to spray the slag heap and wet the rock wall;
(3) At the air outlet, a sprayer should be placed.
5.7 The solid content of dustproof water shall not exceed 50mg/L, and Escherichia coli shall not exceed 3/ 1. The pool should be kept clean and should have sedimentation or filtration facilities.
6. Lighting, drainage and fire prevention
6. 1 lighting
6. 1. 1 The lighting in the tunnel should be kept with sufficient brightness, uniformity and no flicker, and different heights should be selected according to the size of the excavation section and the position of the construction surface.
6. 1.2 The power lines in the tunnel should use moisture-proof insulated wires, and be hung firmly with porcelain bottles at the specified height. Don't hang wires on nails and other iron pieces or tie them together. The switch should be covered with a wooden box and closed with a safety box. If cables are used, they should also be hung firmly in high places and should not be placed on the ground.
6. 1.3 The lighting voltage of each part in the tunnel shall be:
(1) The excavation, support and lining operation area is12 ∽ 36V;
(2) pore-forming section110 ∽ 220v;
(3) Portable operating lamp is 12∽36v.
6. 1.4 The power lines and lighting equipment in the tunnel must be managed by special personnel, and the power supply should be cut off when the circuits and lighting equipment are maintained.
6. 1.5 waterproof lampholders should be used for electric lights in wet and leaky tunnels.
6.2 drainage
6.2. 1 For tunnels with groundwater discharge, drainage ditches must be dug. When digging down the mountain, a pumping device with water inflow greater than 20% should be set to discharge it. The installation site of the pump should be installed on one side of the pilot tunnel or another eccentric hole, and isolated from the tunnel with a fence.
6.2.2 Pumping equipment should use motors, and internal combustion pumps should not be used in tunnels. Pumping machinery should have a certain number of spare equipment.
6.2.3 When the tunnel excavation is expected to pass through the water gushing stratum, it is appropriate to use advanced drilling to explore water, and find out the thickness, lithology, water quantity and water pressure of the aquifer, so as to provide a basis for preventing water gushing.
6.2.4 If there is a large amount of water gushing in the working face, the workers should be immediately ordered to stop working and evacuate to a safe place.
6.3 fire prevention
6.3. 1 All tunnels, wellhead construction areas, electromechanical chambers, material warehouses and belt conveyors in tunnels shall be equipped with effective and sufficient fire-fighting equipment, which shall be clearly marked, regularly inspected, supplemented and replaced, and shall not be used for other purposes.
6.3.2 Weeds within 20m of the hole must be removed. The fire source should be at least 30 meters away from the hole. Fireworks are strictly prohibited within 20 meters of the warehouse. Open flame operation and heating are strictly prohibited in the cave.
6.3.3 Gasoline, kerosene, transformer oil and other flammable items shall not be stored in caves and chambers. Cleaning pneumatic tools should be in a special chamber, and fire doors should be set outdoors.
7. Gas prevention and control
7. 1 When gas is found in tunnel construction, ventilation should be strengthened and preventive measures should be taken. When the gas concentration in the roadway after ventilation still exceeds the provisions of Article 5. 1 of this regulation, the provisions of this section shall be observed.
7.2 Gas prevention and control is mainly to eliminate gas overrun and accumulation, and cut off all fire sources that may ignite gas explosion.
7.3 Open flames such as oil lamps, calcium carbide lamps and steam lamps are prohibited in the tunnel. Anyone who enters the tunnel must be inspected, and it is forbidden to bring matches, lighters and other items that may spontaneously ignite into the tunnel.
7.4 Electrical Lighting
7.4. 1 voltage shall not exceed110v;
7.4.2 Sealed cables must be used for transmission lines;
7.4.3 Lighting equipment such as lamp holders, switches and bulbs must be explosion-proof, and switches must be set in air supply pipes or holes.
7.5 miner's lamp lighting
7.5. 1 The total number of intact miner's lamps in each hole should be greater than 10% of the total number of lamps used frequently.
7.5.2 Miner's lamp shall be numbered, and the number of the miner's lamp shall be fixed by the personnel who usually use it.
7.5.3 It is forbidden for miner's lamps to have battery leakage, insufficient brightness, broken wires, poor lamp lock, loose lamp holder ring, broken glass and rubber shell, etc. Miner's lamp shall be able to be used continuously and normally for at least 1 1 hour.
7.5.4 Personnel using miner's lamp are strictly forbidden to disassemble, knock and impact miner's lamp. When out of the hole or after work, the miner's lamp should be returned to the lamp room immediately.
7.6 When the gas concentration in the airflow of the heading face reaches 65438 0%, the electric drill must be stopped to drill holes; When it reaches 1.5%, it is necessary to stop working and evacuate personnel to cut off the power supply for processing.
When the gas concentration in the airflow reaches 65438 0% within 20m near the shooting site, it is forbidden to charge and shoot. When the gas concentration in the airflow within 20m near the motor reaches 65438 0.5%, the power supply must be cut off to stop running. When the concentration of local gas accumulation in tunneling faces reaches 2%, it is necessary to stop working and cut off the power supply within 20m nearby.
7.7 Electrical equipment that is cut off due to exceeding the gas concentration regulations can only be started when the gas concentration drops below 65438+/-0%; In the heading face with automatic gas detection, alarm and power-off device, only manual power-on is allowed.
7.8 Tunnel Blasting Operation
7.8. 1 Spark initiation and bare blasting are strictly prohibited;
7.8.2 When blasting, instantaneous detonators should be used. If millisecond detonators are used, the total delay time should not exceed130 ms. It is forbidden to use second or half second delay electric detonator.
7.8.3 The use of coal mine safety explosives;
7.8.4 When shooting a short tunnel, all personnel must leave the tunnel entrance; The single line of the long tunnel should be evacuated 300m, the excavation of the upper half of the two-lane tunnel should be evacuated 400m, and the full-face excavation of the two-lane tunnel should be evacuated 500m m.
7.9 The battery car, ventilator, telephone and blaster in the gas tunnel must be explosion-proof.
7. 10 must strictly adopt wet drilling, and the metal hammer used for drilling must be inlaid with alloy that does not produce sparks. Metal appliances for loading ballast shall not collide with ballast, and ballast must be wetted before shovel loading.
7. 1 1 hole When installing and maintaining all kinds of electrical equipment, the power supply must be cut off first. Cable interconnection or shunt must be welded, insulated and wrapped outside the hole, and hot repaired. It is forbidden to temporarily connect electric lights or other equipment to the cable in the hole. When cables are connected in holes, they should be connected in special explosion-proof junction boxes or explosion-proof junction boxes.
7. 12 For the tunnel with gas, each hole must be equipped with a full-time gas inspector. In general, the test should be conducted every hour, and the results should be recorded in the record book. The gas detector shall be inspected once every quarter.
7. 13 ventilation must be blown in. The main ventilator should have a standby machine, which is powered by two power sources. When the ventilator stops, all personnel in the hole must be evacuated outside the hole.
7. 14 All operations that may lead to high temperature and sparks are strictly prohibited in the tunnel.
7. 15 Tunnel construction must be equipped with necessary first aid and rescue equipment and personnel. Construction personnel must have safety knowledge to prevent gas explosion.
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