The production and marketing pattern of goose industry in China can be divided into four situations: first, the production and marketing are booming; Second, demand exceeds supply; The third is basic balance; Fourth, raise in the north and sell in the south. Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hunan, and Guangxi are prosperous areas; Guangdong, Hubei, Jiangxi, Xinjiang, Tibet, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Hainan, Hong Kong, and Macao are in short supply; Yunnan, Guizhou, Qinghai, and Taiwan Province provinces are basically balanced in production and sales; Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, and Inner Mongolia are in short supply.
Problems existing in goose industry in China
Lack of industry organization
So far, there is no corresponding goose industry organization in northwest provinces (regions), which is not conducive to the communication, interaction and coordination of goose industry, information sharing and legal rights protection. In the era of rapidly changing market economy and fleeting industry information, it is very important for goose enterprises to understand the market, master information, strive for initiative and expand benefits, and there is still a lot of work to be done in the goose industry in northwest China. From 2002 to 20 14, Northwest Goose Breeding Base held 19 national and regional goose industry conferences and special events, but the number of participants in Xinjiang was less than 10.
The industrial benefit is not high.
Although the expectation of goose farmers in northwest China is not as high as that of goose farmers in economically developed areas, there are still many problems in varying degrees, such as lack of professional skills, extensive and disorderly management, insufficient link connection, and the need to improve benefits. For example, in some areas, the recovery price of meat goose remains unchanged all the year round, which seems handy and easy to operate, but actually does not meet the market demand. The price goes with the market, taking into account the more reasonable profit distribution in all aspects of the goose industry.
Goose seedlings are in short supply.
Millions of goslings are raised in northwest China every year, and most of them need to be transferred from other regions. 20 14? Millions of goose seedlings fly to Xinjiang? The policy has gradually improved the national production and marketing network of goose seedlings, and also highlighted the importance of developing goose breeding and goose seedling production in Xinjiang and northwest China. Compared with the freezing climate in the south, it is also beneficial and harmless for geese to lay eggs in advance and postpone production in the northwest.
Looking at the historical process of goose industry in China, analyzing the present situation of goose industry, drawing lessons from the experience of goose industry in Taiwan Province Province and other countries, and looking forward to the development prospect of goose industry in China, the author thinks that the development of goose industry in northwest China has good opportunities in terms of weather and geographical location. With the development of goose industry in northwest China, the production and marketing structure of goose industry in China has appeared two patterns: western breeding and western breeding and southern marketing. Goose products in northwest China are complementary to those in other regions, and their advantages are abundant. As time goes by, more and more consumers will enjoy the delicious goose meat.
It restricts the development of goose industry in southern China.
South China has always been the main producing and selling area of goose industry in China, but with the development of social economy, the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure and the change of people's economic income, there have also been factors restricting the development of goose industry.
1. Environmental pollution and contradictions are increasingly prominent. China began to implement the Regulations on Pollution Prevention and Control of Large-scale Livestock and Poultry Breeding on 20 14 10/day. Manure produced by modern agriculture is absorbed and digested by itself in the form of fertilizer. In order to protect the environment, large-scale goose raising is also facing the problem of high environmental impact assessment and governance threshold.
2. Labor shortage and rising wages of workers. According to relevant data, the wage level of 270 million migrant workers in China is rising at the rate of 14% per year, which is accompanied by? Demographic dividend? Decline, nearly 50% of enterprises appear? Difficult to recruit? The employment of traditional aquaculture, including goose industry, is also not optimistic.
3. The input of breeding cost is increasing. Feed factors, environmental factors, climate factors, price factors, employment orientation and other issues lead to an increase in the cost of raising geese, squeezing profit margins, and then affecting the enthusiasm of practitioners.
4. Cultivated land reduces the shortage of breeding land. The economic development in the southern region is relatively fast, and the land is sharply reduced. The rapid industrialization and urbanization in some places have further aggravated the shortage of breeding land.
5. The potential risk of epidemic outbreak still exists. The long-term breeding of waterfowl in southern China has led to serious accumulation of bacteria around local farms in many places, and the rainy and humid climate has aggravated the probability of poultry disease. In recent years, the epidemic situation of poultry diseases in China has spread from the southern region, and many unfavorable factors are difficult to change or eradicate in the short term, and the epidemic risk still exists.
6. Profit-seeking thinking leads to the cooling of goose industry. Goose industry in the south has also experienced the process of becoming a sideline professional industry. With the development of economy, the income of many business projects is much higher than that of goose industry. Compared with other business projects, the goose industry is not dominant in benefits, labor intensity, welfare treatment or personal future, and it has also become the inducement for the goose industry in the south to cool down.
Present situation of goose industry in northwest China
There are two kinds of geese in northwest China: one is Ili goose in Yili, Xinjiang, which was domesticated for nearly 300 years and listed as a national livestock and poultry resource protection variety in 2000. Ili goose has the characteristics of rough feeding tolerance, suitable grazing and cold tolerance. Because it is the slowest of dozens of goose breeds in China, it still retains the ability of short-distance flight, so it is also called Tacheng Flying Goose.
In recent years, relying on the efforts of resource protection units and the support of local people, Yili Goose has done a lot of scientific, meticulous, complex and concrete work in pure breeding, provenance utilization, species protection and comprehensive development, which has played a positive role in establishing a foothold in the local area, radiating the surrounding areas, developing and utilizing, and expanding the development of Yili Goose.
The second breed is Hanzhong White Goose in Hanzhong, southern Shaanxi. Because Hanzhong is adjacent to Guangyuan and Bazhong in the north of Sichuan Province, some counties (districts) were once under the jurisdiction of Sichuan in historical administrative divisions, and the language exchange, customs, diet structure, farming methods and breeding projects of the two places are more integrated. Raising ducks and geese is also a traditional habit of some farmers in Hanzhong and Sichuan. Hanzhong White Goose was also famous for a while, but it did not have obvious regional characteristics.
At present, in addition to Xinjiang and Hanzhong, some farmers in Ankang, Shaanxi, which borders Hubei and Chongqing, Longnan, Gansu, which borders northern Sichuan, and southeastern Qinghai, which borders northwestern Sichuan, also have the habit of raising geese.
According to statistics, the total number of geese raised in northwest China is about 6 million each year. In recent years, with the gradual development of goose industry in northwest China, has 20 15 made money by raising geese? Some food processing plants were rebuilt and expanded to slaughter meat geese. There are many enterprises specializing in the recovery and slaughter of meat geese in Xinjiang, which have played a great role in solving the worries of local goose farmers and alleviating the difficulty of selling geese. A boss in Chongqing runs goose processing in Yining, Xinjiang, and slaughters more than 2 million geese every year. Products are not only sold to the region, but also to Sichuan, Chongqing, Guangdong and other places.
As for the catering and cooking of geese, although Xi 'an, Lanzhou, Yinchuan, Xining, Urumqi, Lhasa and other cities also specialize in making clear soup geese and dictyophora, Jiangsu, Anhui and other provinces also have foreign vendors engaged in Sichuan red roast goose, Gushi goose, Nanjing salted goose, Heilongjiang roast goose, French goose liver and barbecue red roast goose and goose meat dishes cooked by some hotels and restaurants in northwest China, except for eating habits, cooking techniques and varieties.
Favorable conditions for developing goose industry to make money
Northwest China has a vast territory, few pollution sources, slow development of goose industry and low economic income of the people, which highlights the space and prospect of scientific development.
Northwest China has always given people the impression of drought and lack of rain, which is only a geographical classification in a broad sense. However, from the development of goose breeding projects, especially the methods of dry breeding, captive breeding, grazing and even cage breeding of geese can be adapted to local conditions, time and people, and have achieved results through practice. There are also abundant aquatic plants in many places in northwest China, which can provide favorable conditions for the development of goose raising projects.
Northwest China is rich in products, and some places are the main producing areas of corn and soybean, which are not only self-sufficient, but also the surplus grain is transferred to the south as the main feed grain. Other varieties such as wheat, oats and buckwheat also have a certain planting area, and they also have advantages in feed varieties and planting area.
As far as goose industry is concerned, reducing feed cost is an eternal theme, because goose breeding is mainly based on green and juicy feed, supplemented by coarse feed and refined feed. It is also an important topic for the goose industry to make scientific and rational use of alternative feed and strive for the best benefit of the goose industry. In this regard, there are many alternative resources in northwest China, such as crops and dregs, grains, flour, meal, vines, vines, branches and stalks, which can be used by geese. Goose industry has been paid more and more attention because of its low investment, short meat period, quick effect and good income.
Compared with raising pigs, raising a pig feed can raise 100 geese, and it takes several months or even longer to raise a pig, while the period of raising commercial meat geese is about 80 days. Raising a pig can produce more than one kilogram of meat 100, and raising 100 geese can produce more than 700 kilograms of meat. Generally, the prices of pigs and geese are not much different.
As far as the goose raising project is concerned, it takes three months to raise geese in economically developed areas, and the net income of each goose is 10 yuan. No one wants to do it, but in rural areas in underdeveloped areas, many people are eager to raise geese. It can be said that raising geese is an effective way for northwest farmers to increase their economic income and has a good breeding prospect.