Generally speaking, projects can be divided into trade type, production type and service type according to their functions. How to choose a project that suits your own development and is easy to succeed? What is the basis? How to decide the type of entrepreneurial project you want to choose? Is this because of you? Personality, specialty, strength, environment? The difference is that the original entrepreneurs chose projects that are easy to succeed? Four magic weapons? .
Different personalities? Character determines fate? Your personality determines your future. If you are impatient and difficult to correct, you are suitable for trading projects, not for production projects. Because production-oriented projects need a long period of market adaptation, strong endurance and the market's cognitive process of your brand. In order to ensure the survival and sustainable development of the project, it is necessary to continuously expand the scale. You may not be able to bear the unbearable torture for such a long time. Once you can't stand it, your equipment and semi-finished products will be worthless, and the final result will inevitably be bankruptcy. Of course, if you have a partner, your personality can complement each other, or you can try to choose items that your personality does not allow. On the contrary, never take risks.
Depending on your major, your major, specialty, intelligence and experience are the main basis for your project selection. What is the principle? Are you familiar with it? This will help you get into a skilled working state from the beginning and make your initial success rate much higher. Of course, if you are intelligent and experienced, and you are sure of your extraordinary ability, you can choose your own entrepreneurial project even if you don't have any academic qualifications, and you don't have to choose what you are familiar with. It depends on people's efforts, because you will be familiar with that industry in a short time, and there are many such successful cases. We don't advocate that a person should give up his professional expertise to choose a project. You know, there are many people who have professional expertise without losing their talents and experience, and they are really easy to succeed in the industry.
It varies according to the intensity. As the saying goes? Let strength speak? Strength refers to your resource capacity, mainly including the scale of funds, follow-up financing channels and so on. It is an important pillar that determines the scale of your initial venture and your subsequent development ability. What is the principle? Live within your means? Generally speaking, the investment of a production enterprise is relatively large. If there is 654.38+10,000 yuan of venture plan funds, it is better to have a reserve of twice this amount (including financing reserve). Otherwise, after several months of operation, it is easy to fall into the embarrassing situation of tight funds and ineffective turnover, and the passive situation can be imagined. Your budget must be enough to prevent problems before they happen; Otherwise, if the financing effect is not good, there may be a danger of giving up halfway. Whether it is production or trade projects, there are products in transit, and there are many things that cannot be realized directly, such as raw materials, product inventory, semi-finished products, downstream dealer inventory and so on. Therefore, your budget should be more dozen and less calculated.
Depending on the environment, this is an external factor that determines the success of your project, called. The right place? . It mainly includes preferential policies, good or bad places and good or bad interpersonal relationships, all of which are important external conditions for the success of entrepreneurship. Preferential tax policies reduce the cost of starting a business; The right place makes you feel like a duck to water, meets the production needs, or increases the popularity. People want to go shopping in professional street because there are many choices there. Good connections will help you start your own business.
Second, how do college students start a business?
Financing is a kind of financial management behavior that entrepreneurs raise funds from investors and creditors of the company through scientific prediction and decision-making according to their own production and operation conditions, capital ownership and the needs of the company's future operation and development, so as to ensure the normal production and operation activities of the company. The motivation of the company to raise funds should follow certain principles and be carried out through certain channels and ways. Any venture needs cost, even if the start-up capital is small, there must be some basic expenses, such as product deposit and store rent. Not to mention larger commercial projects. Therefore, for entrepreneurs, whether they can raise funds quickly and efficiently is a crucial factor for entrepreneurial success.
Let's take a look at the following case:
Hello, teacher! I am a fresh graduate of Peking University. At school, I am the head of the student club, and I have represented many brand products consumed by college students through club activities. Not bad performance. We have stable suppliers, loyal consumers, relatively mature marketing model and excellent team. Near graduation, many members of our club want to start a business together after graduation and then do what they used to do. After all, this is a world that once fought together, and it is a pity to lose it. More importantly, we are born with the dream of entrepreneurs and want to achieve something. But the career after graduation can't be as small as when I was at school. If you want to get healthy development, you have to set up a formal company, but we don't have the initial project start-up funds. Please tell me, how should we raise funds?
Case study:
I am glad to see such a well-prepared entrepreneurial team actively participate in social practice in school, accumulate experience for future entrepreneurship, and win the social resources (suppliers, sales channels, consumers, marketing models) needed for entrepreneurship. No matter whether you have thought about starting a business when you do these things, these have prepared and paved the way for starting a business. Moreover, you grew up as a team, and it is really commendable that you can start a business together after graduation, which shows that the your team can stand the test. The most important factor in starting a business is people. No one, even with more other resources and venture capital, will not succeed. As for you, you already have the most important factors for entrepreneurial success, and I believe you will succeed.
Everything is ready, except for the east wind. This is your present state. How to raise funds is also your most urgent problem. For fledgling college students, it is necessary to understand the current domestic financing channels and be good at using various preferential policies of the state for college graduates.
At present, the financing channels of domestic entrepreneurs are relatively single, mainly relying on financial institutions such as banks. Bank loans include mortgage loans, credit loans, secured loans and discount loans. Need to be reminded that entrepreneurs should do a good job from the moment they apply for bank loans? A protracted war? Prepare, because applying for a loan is not only about dealing with banks, but also going through the administrative department for industry and commerce, the tax department and the intermediary agency? Threshold? . Moreover, the procedures are cumbersome, and no problem can occur in any link.
The other is venture capital. Many college students pin their hopes on venture capital, but venture capital never favors college students. So far, there are few cases of venture capital investment in college students. Although venture capitalists care about the technology in the hands of entrepreneurs, they are more concerned about the profit model of startups and entrepreneurs themselves. So? Idle people? It is difficult to win the favor of venture capitalists. Only entrepreneurs like Zhang Chaoyang, Shao Yibo and Liang Jianzhang can start a business? Hero? , just have a chance to get close to those glittering? Money bag? . Moreover, venture capital is also a high-risk and high-return investment. Venture capitalists enter venture enterprises in the form of equity participation. In order to reduce the risk, they will withdraw from the investment after achieving the value-added purpose, and will not be tied to the venture enterprise forever.
Angel investment is an active folk force in recent years. It is a one-time upfront investment made by free investors or informal venture capital institutions for original project ideas or small start-ups Although angel investment is a kind of venture capital, there are great differences between them: angel investment is an unorganized venture capital, and its source of funds is mostly private capital, not professional venture capitalists; Angel investment threshold is low, and sometimes even an entrepreneurial idea can be obtained as long as it has development potential? Angels? The favor of. Angel investment is not strict in auditing entrepreneurial projects, and most of them are based on investors' subjective judgments or preferences. The procedure is simple, and investors generally do not participate in management. At present, the criteria for angel investors to judge investment projects are: whether (1) is attractive enough; (2) Whether there is a unique technology; (3) Whether it has a cost advantage; (4) Whether new markets can be created; (5) Whether it can quickly occupy the market share; (6) Whether the financial situation is stable and whether the potential investment return can reach 5 ~ 10 times of the original investment; (7) Whether there is any profit experience; (8) whether it can create profits; (9) Whether there is a good entrepreneurial management team; (10) Whether there are clear investment exit channels, etc.
Therefore, angel investment, like venture capital, will not easily fall from the sky, but be targeted. In this regard, Mr. Zhou Hydrology, the investment director of Shanghai Lianchuang Investment Management Co., Ltd., gave the entrepreneurs advice: if entrepreneurs want to win the favor of angel investment, they should first pay attention to the commercialization of their own technology; Secondly, we should pay attention to the sustainability and competitiveness of the technical development of the project, and pay attention to the reaction of products entering the market, rather than waiting for the technology to be fully mature before considering entering the market; Furthermore, entrepreneurs should provide a business plan with clear thinking, full argumentation and clear views, which can provide a return of 10 ~ 20 times or 5 times in five years? Sweetness? So as to attract angel investors in many application cases? Eyeballs? .
Reminder:
With the national support for college students' entrepreneurship, there are more and more financing channels for college students' entrepreneurship. But? Do you still need to be hard when you strike the iron? No matter what kind of investment, money will not be casually regarded as the cost of the experiment. If college students want to attract investment, they must first have excellent real materials.
To get a considerable sum of money now, we must find investors. This is an emerging financing direction at present, and it is also the future development trend.
A rational investor, especially a venture capitalist, pays attention to an entrepreneur's business ability and business potential, including character strengths (such as self-confidence, maturity, organization, pragmatism, sense of responsibility, business experience, etc. ) and project advantages (project prospect, project competitive advantage, project return, etc. ). The best way to examine the advantages of character strengths and the project is to present the business plan at the project briefing. Therefore, learning to write a good business plan is of great significance to the successful financing of entrepreneurs. This not only helps entrepreneurs to control risks, but also helps entrepreneurs to improve the success rate of financing.
When writing a business plan, entrepreneurs should pay attention to the following principles:
First, cut to the chase and touch people's hearts. Cut to the chase, describe your thoughts in real and concise language, and don't waste time talking about irrelevant content.
Second, pay attention to details, be confident and sincere. Collect as much information as possible, analyze and summarize the market prospect, competitive advantage and return analysis from multiple angles, have enough understanding and prediction of possible difficulties or problems, prepare purchase or intention agreement with customers, and help investors strengthen their understanding of the feasibility of the project.
Third, the context is clear and coherent. Designing a business plan according to how to realize the business cycle and profit as much as possible will make your organization clearer. Investors often ask you questions before or after you read half of the business plan, even new questions that you didn't think of. If you don't have a mature thinking thread, you may be speechless.
Third, what kind of enterprise should I go to study and start a business?
Regarding the question of what kind of enterprise to study and start a business, let's take a look at the following case:
Hello, teacher!
I'm Kobayashi, a graduate student majoring in electrical appliances at Harbin Institute of Technology. Entrepreneurship has always been my dream. As far as my personal ability is concerned, I am confident and quite clear about my planning goals. But I just graduated from school, and I don't know much about society and market, especially how to run and manage enterprises. So I want to choose a company to work, learn the necessary knowledge for starting a business, exercise my ability, and start a business after the contract period ends. I want to choose a private enterprise first, and start my own enterprise three to five years later to do electronic board products and technical services. In the past two years, I have applied for many companies back and forth. First, I made an electric frequency generator in Fengjie, a private enterprise in Fengtai, mainly responsible for research and development. But private enterprises themselves are not very standardized. But I need to find enterprise norms and promote enterprise development. Later, I worked in a relatively standardized enterprise in Changping, but such an enterprise? Grinding people? It's hard, and gradually there is no passion. My confusion now is: which kind of enterprise is better to exercise yourself?
Case study:
I'm glad to see you are so confident, which is very important for starting a business. It seems that you have some ideas about what kind of enterprise to choose, and your ideas are reasonable. In fact, it is very important to start a business by learning the norms of enterprise operation from standardized enterprises, looking for norms from less standardized enterprises and testing their own norms.
Irregular enterprise management is definitely chaotic, and the work is also messy. However, there are also advantages, that is, non-standard enterprises will seek norms, so the process of seeking norms is the process of establishing norms and a good learning process. Compared with standard enterprises, such enterprises will give you more experimental space and let you come up with your own specifications to do experiments, but the establishment of systematic management knowledge and specifications cannot be realized overnight. Moreover, if you don't accumulate a lot of knowledge in a standardized enterprise and only rely on your own imagination, I'm afraid the process of seeking norms will be too long and you will have to pay too much effort, and now you hope to get ready-made experience.
It is systematic to standardize enterprise work distribution and work plan. For students like you who want to start a business, the biggest advantage is that they have ready-made knowledge to learn, whether it is management knowledge or standardized system knowledge. But such enterprises have their own limited fields, and you can't do everything like an informal enterprise. Moreover, as you said, if you work in the same field for a long time, you may lose your passion.
These two enterprises have their own advantages and disadvantages. What should a student eager to start a business do?
Your goal is simple and clear, that is, to learn the knowledge of enterprise operation, management and system standardization. As far as scientific research ability is concerned, you are not lacking, and in starting a business, it is important to manage the enterprise rather than scientific research. So our suggestion is: since your career goal is to start a business, go to a standardized enterprise, where you can quickly learn ready-made business management knowledge, exercise your ability to manage and run a business, and create good conditions for your own business.
Reminder:
Xiaolin's situation is very common in the real society, and more and more people start their own businesses. How to acquire the entrepreneurial knowledge you have in an effective time and create favorable conditions for your own entrepreneurship should be the first issue to be considered. Therefore, it is necessary to narrow the target range, so that you can get the maximum benefit with half the effort in the shortest time, and strive for more energy and time for future entrepreneurship.
Problem analysis:
How should college students prepare for starting a business?
As the saying goes, know yourself and know yourself. Entrepreneurship preparation generally includes three aspects: preparation of own conditions, determination of entrepreneurial projects and preparation of entrepreneurial conditions.
Prepare your own conditions. Not everyone is suitable for starting a business, and not every entrepreneur can succeed. First of all, you need to prepare your own conditions, including understanding your entrepreneurial intention, defining your entrepreneurial goals, analyzing your professional psychological characteristics, and cultivating your entrepreneurial ability. Once you have defined your entrepreneurial intention and goals, the most important thing is to cultivate your entrepreneurial ability.
Entrepreneurial ability is a special ability, which often affects the efficiency and success of entrepreneurial activities. Entrepreneurial ability includes decision-making ability, management ability, professional and technical ability, communication and coordination ability, innovation ability and so on. Among them, management ability also includes the ability to operate, manage, employ people and manage money. Among these five basic qualities, each basic quality has its unique position and function, and any one element will affect the formation and development of other elements, the functions and functions of other elements, and even the success of starting a business. Therefore, entrepreneurs should not only pay attention to cultivating their entrepreneurial quality under the dual influence of environment and education, but also pay attention to the optimization of their overall structure and constantly improve their entrepreneurial quality in practice.
The cultivation of entrepreneurial ability can not be achieved overnight, nor can it be divorced from social practice. This requires us to pay attention to creating various conditions in education, so that students can directly participate in social practice activities, actively go to the society, and go to the front line of production and operation, so that they can develop entrepreneurial awareness, cultivate entrepreneurial psychological quality, adjust and enrich knowledge structure, and exercise their talents in practical activities, thus forming real entrepreneurial ability.
Four, the establishment of college students' entrepreneurial clubs, entrepreneurial practice.
The following is to introduce to you how the KAB Entrepreneurship Club, a college student established under the guidance of the author, develops entrepreneurial practice and cultivates professional quality and entrepreneurial ability through entrepreneurial clubs.
The purpose of KAB Entrepreneurship Club is to publicize the entrepreneurial concept, enliven the entrepreneurial atmosphere, provide a platform for entrepreneurial drills, improve professional quality, and help club members achieve employment and self-employment.
Entrepreneurship club is different from ordinary student associations, and it mainly operates the whole association through the project responsibility system.
There are two kinds of projects: one is non-profit and the other is profit.
Non-profit projects such as lectures, forums and training are mainly completed by the activity department and public relations department of the entrepreneurial club. The main process is that the activity department submits the content and location of the activity to the secretariat, and the secretariat submits the materials to the presidium. After the materials are passed, the activity department is responsible for the implementation, and the public relations department coordinates the activities. The funds for public welfare activities shall be borne by the club or sponsor.
Profitable projects are mainly completed by the planning department and the project department. The process is that the project department submits the materials that need to be approved to the secretariat, and the secretariat reports the materials to the club? Board of directors? By who? Board of directors? , project department, planning department * * * to discuss together. After the project is approved, the project team leader of this project is selected to be responsible for the implementation of the whole project. The planning department and the project department mainly assist the project team leader in the allocation and concrete implementation of project resources. Each department has a corresponding performance appraisal, and the whole club will conduct performance appraisal for the person in charge of each department. Through performance appraisal, the club will select talents. The profits generated by the project operation will be left to the club in proportion as the development fund of the club.
Five, take business administration courses, participate in entrepreneurship education and training preparation knowledge.
College students' entrepreneurship is a systematic project, which requires entrepreneurs to cultivate their knowledge, experience, experience, information processing, business opportunities and judgment and decision-making ability in advance. Entrepreneurship has both the joy of success and great risks. No matter whether you are a student or not, starting a business should follow the market rules and run it in an enterprise way. Without entrepreneurial quality, skills and entrepreneurial knowledge, rashly embarking on the road of entrepreneurship often lays the groundwork for its entrepreneurial failure. Therefore, we don't advocate college students to start their own businesses when the conditions are not available, but we hope that college students with entrepreneurial enthusiasm will make full knowledge preparation during their college years, such as taking business administration courses, receiving entrepreneurship education or participating in entrepreneurship training, and accumulating entrepreneurial knowledge. Entrepreneurship education and training can cultivate college students' comprehensive qualities such as entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial thinking and entrepreneurial skills, so that college entrepreneurs can initially master theoretical knowledge such as market, sales, logistics, personnel and financial management, as well as the process and basic methods of entrepreneurship.
Six, part-time or school entrepreneurship practice and experience preparation.
Among the many elements of starting a business, capital, professional technology, management experience and practical ability are all indispensable elements. Lack of college students' experience will put start-ups in trouble. So it is very necessary to cultivate practical experience. Before starting a business, you must be prepared, make clear your own entrepreneurial direction, and choose corresponding practical activities accordingly.
Qin Fang (a graduate student of Zhejiang University) has worked as a sparring partner in oral English and a business manager in the translation center of Master Brother. In the process of contacting customers, she caught a message? Small and medium-sized enterprises need website construction. ? Large enterprises will naturally not ask us to do websites, but a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises in Zhejiang are good resources. ? For Qin Fang, who graduated from computer science, doing websites has great advantages. So she joined two classmates to form it? Sunny network studio? . With low price, high quality and low cost, is it clear? Slowly build word of mouth. Qin Fang also made use of the language advantage to build a bilingual website, which attracted a large number of customers at once. In 2004, the studio achieved a turnover of 500,000 yuan.
After the initial joy of earning over 10,000 yuan a month, Qin Fang didn't stop. ? I decided to open another door for myself. My position on part-time job is to understand the enterprise and get in touch with the society. ? She found the CEO of a high-tech company, where she made a market survey report and recommended herself as a part-time CEO assistant. Qin Fang greedily absorbed all kinds of knowledge in her busy part-time job by making forward-looking reports on problem prevention, investigation and solution of fast-growing enterprises and communicating with R&D personnel and production personnel, and her concept began to change. ? In the contact with customers, it is found that the translation needs of enterprises are very large, but although there are many small translation companies at present, there is a lack of high-end translation. ? Therefore, Qin Fang decided to return to the translation industry. She hopes that through hard work, she will? Sunny Translation Company? Make it bigger.
Seven, participate in the entrepreneurial competition for virtual entrepreneurship warm-up.
Since 1998, Tsinghua University first launched the College Students Entrepreneurship Competition, a number of college students' entrepreneurial enterprises have been born in the competition, such as those founded by Kelly and Qiu Hongyun, students from Tsinghua University? Schmeile? Company, Shanghai Jiaotong University Luo Shuiquan, Wang Hu and others? Peng Jie? Software development companies, etc. Theoretically speaking, entrepreneurship competition should be the best way for college students to succeed in starting a business. Since 2004, the global IT industry has shown signs of recovery, and the sluggish entrepreneurial competition has warmed up again. Challenge Cup? China University Student Business Plan Competition, Tsinghua Business Plan Competition, Peking University Science Park Cup? Business plan competition? Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Cup? Shanghai University Student Entrepreneurship Plan Competition? Zero2IPO 2004? Venture financing contest? Nokia Youth Creativity? Business plan competition? And so on.
The author also made a useful attempt to guide students to participate in the business plan competition, and the author's students won the 2007? Nokia Youth Creativity? Entrepreneurship competition? Gold award, the winning students received a 50,000 yuan venture fund from Nokia.
It can be said that guiding students to participate in entrepreneurship competition will promote entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship practice in schools. Entrepreneurship Competition not only provides a budding stage for college entrepreneurs, but more importantly, it provides them with a valuable opportunity to exercise their abilities and change their ideas, so as to become college entrepreneurs? Touchstone? . If a few years ago, the original intention of many college students was to hold a kind of? Games? In recent years, participating college students pay more attention to the experience accumulated in the process of making business plans and how to conduct business operations. From indulging in ideals to approaching reality, from fanaticism to calmness and rationality, college students' entrepreneurship has returned to a rational mentality after years of ups and downs.
To sum up, entrepreneurship is one of the career paths chosen by college students. Although there are many college students with entrepreneurial dreams at present, only a few really choose to start a business. With the strong support and encouragement of the state and society for college students' entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship is bound to become an important way for college students to find jobs independently. We encourage college students who are suitable for entrepreneurship to choose entrepreneurship, but we also think that entrepreneurship is a very difficult thing. College students should be cautious when choosing to start a business. Entrepreneurship is a test of a person's will. We hope that college students with entrepreneurial dreams will forge ahead, persevere, learn the knowledge of entrepreneurship and enterprise management, accumulate practical experience of entrepreneurship, and finally realize their entrepreneurial dreams.
Guess you like:
1. How do secondary vocational school students prepare for starting a business during school?
2. How do college students prepare for starting a business under the new situation?
3. Entrepreneurship preparation during school.
4. Students' entrepreneurial preparation during school.
5. How do contemporary college students prepare for starting a business?
6. What are the preparations for starting a business in school?
7. How do college students prepare for starting their own businesses?