Second, special wild boar-a new bright spot in the pig industry. Special wild boar is a new breed of hybrid between excellent male wild boar and excellent lean domestic pig in Yunan County Zhongqing Agricultural Demonstration Park. It is different from domestic pigs and looks like wild boar, so it is named special wild boar. Wild boar is not suitable for simple domestication and popularization because of its thick skin and poor taste. Special wild boar combines the advantages of domestic pigs and wild boar, showing good hybridization advantages, which not only inherits the advantages of high lean meat rate, strong adaptability and strong playfulness, but also overcomes the shortcomings of seasonal estrus, small litter size and difficult feeding of wild boar, so that it can be bred and raised normally. Special wild boar has tender meat, rich nutrition, high lean meat rate and low fat content. It contains 17 amino acids, and the content of linoleic acid (C 18-2) is 2 ~ 2.5 times higher than that of domestic pigs. Because the special wild boar has three advantages: game, health care and economy, this project was included in the national science and technology spark plan project by the State Science and Technology Commission on 1998, and won the silver prize of the first Guangdong Youth "Three Highs" Agricultural Expo on 1999.
1. Living habits of wild boar
Wild boars live in the forest and can dig out all kinds of food with their noses. Boars have sharp and developed canine teeth and fight with each other during breeding. Wild boars have poor eyesight and mainly rely on hearing and smell to find enemies. Wild boars usually live in groups, sometimes as many as 30 to 50 in a group. They like mud baths and often roll in the mud for hours. Their activities start in the evening and they can walk 3 ~ 5 kilometers a night. Its food is vegetation, seeds, insects, frogs and so on. Wild boar is in seasonal estrus, 1 breeding 1 time, giving birth to 3-6 pigs, with brown stripes on young pigs and black, brown and reddish brown on big pigs, with a body length of 120- 180cm and a height of 50-65438+.
2. Reproductive performance of special wild boar: the sexual maturity of special wild boar is generally 5 ~ 6 months old, the first estrus (about 50 ~ 60kg) lasts for 2 ~ 4 days, the gestation period is 1 16 ~ 120 days, and the number of primiparous sows is 6 ~ 10.
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Third, wild boar breeding.
1. Put the wild boar and the wild boar into the enclosure for artificial domestication. Wild boar was timid at first. In order to change this weakness, small wild boars are generally purchased for domestication in artificial breeding, and the weight is mostly 10 kg ~22 kg, because the wild boars are young, easy to domesticate and have strong plasticity.
In the process of domestication, it is best to adopt the method of raising more than half wild boar and less than half pigs, and the mixed culture ratio is 2∶8. In such an environment, young wild boar and domestic pigs of the same age will soon live in groups, allowing domestic pigs and young wild boar to carry out activities and feed together. Wild boar is an omnivore, generally imitating domestic pigs and feeding them twice a day. Because of its wild habits, it is good at picking raw food. Common corn seedlings, red sorghum, wax gourd, potato, sweet potato, peanut seedlings, sweet potato seedlings, ear of grain, pumpkin, eggplant, fresh mulberry leaves, fresh Vitex negundo leaves, Sophora japonica leaves, carrots, white radish, Chinese cabbage, apples, pears and persimmons are all its favorite foods. In the initial stage of domestic feeding, raw food should be used for feeding. After one month, half of the raw food should be mixed with the other half as feed for domestic pigs, such as corn flour, bran, bean curd residue, powder residue and so on. Add the right amount of salt, mix and feed, and gradually get rid of the habit of eating raw food. After the wild boar basically adapts to the pen house, it can be fed with domestic pig feed, but some rhizomes and foliage plants should also be properly fed.
2. Build fences and houses
It is best to choose the wild boar pen in a higher place, which is easy to drain and facilitate lighting and ventilation. The original pigsty can also be raised with a little modification. The outer nest of the new fence needs cement floor. The fence requires that the inner nest room should match the outer nest room. The inner nest room is about 3 meters long and 2.8 meters wide for wild boar to sleep and give birth. Enclosures and sheds are built in a general pigsty style, with tiles on them or wheat straw on the ceiling. The outer nest room is about 3 meters long and 2.8 meters wide for wild boar to defecate, eat, exercise and bask in the sun. The wall is plastered with cement, and the building height is1.7m -65438. A drinking pool can be built at the root of the wall to facilitate drainage. Masonry cement structure, length 1 m, width 0.5 m and depth 23 cm. It should be noted that the drinking pool is not easy to be built too deep or too narrow, otherwise, when the weather is hot in summer, pigs will lie in the pool to enjoy the cool, which will cause pregnant sows to suffocate and stillbirth. A passage with a width of 1 m should be left between the inner nest and the outer nest to facilitate the free entry and exit of wild boar, and the gate is generally left in front of the inner nest.
3. Breeding technology
Wild boar's fur is thick and thin, generally gray or grayish yellow. Adult sows weigh 90kg- 130kg and are sensitive to the external environment. Generally, female wild boar has 6-7 pairs of nipples, with an annual output of 2 fetuses, which is generally12-26 per fetus. The suitable breeding time is 5 months to 6 months after birth and the weight is 40 kg to 60 kg.
When female wild boar is in estrus, the principle of early primiparous sows and late multiparous sows is generally adopted. When wild boar is in estrus, the external genitalia is obviously red and swollen. When the external genitalia changes from red to dark purple, from swelling to miniaturization, or when the sow's hands stand still, it is the best breeding time. When mating, the mating time of male and female wild boar takes about minutes, which is slightly longer than that of domestic pigs. According to experience, it is best to use the compound method, that is, repeat mating after an interval of 6 to 8 hours. This can obviously improve the pregnant string of sows. When the boar is in estrus and suitable for mating, the method of herding the boar into the sow pen for 1 -2 days can also be adopted. At this time, male wild boar can climb and mate many times at night. After the mating is confirmed to be successful, the wild boar will be driven out. After 20 days, observe whether the female boar is still in estrus. The estrus cycle of female wild boar is 18 days. If it is not estrus, it proves that the wild boar has successfully mated.
4. Selection of breeding pigs
Farms and households engaged in wild boar breeding must have 1 ~2 pure wild boars. As the saying goes: sow is good, nest is good; Wild boar is good, what a good slope. This shows the importance of wild boar. Choosing a good boar is of great significance to future generations. Generally, pure wild boar with long body, high legs and sharp mouth is selected as breeding pig. The offspring of the special wild boar bred by crossbreeding wild boar and domestic pig are reserved, and the bred offspring have atavism, that is, some pigs produced look like domestic pigs rather than wild boars. Therefore, the special wild boar of binary hybridization should not be kept as seeds. If restricted by conditions, when the special wild boar is not used as a breeding pig, we should also choose the ternary hybrid special wild boar with more than 70% wild boar blood as a breeding pig, and prevent inbreeding in blood, so as to make its offspring have strong disease resistance and grow rapidly.