China is a famous folk literature and art scholar, educator, poet and essayist. He was once the chairman and honorary chairman of China Folk Literature and Art Association, honorary member of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, chairman and honorary chairman of China Folklore Society, vice president of China Poetry Society and director of Chinese Department of Normal University.
China's famous and popular culture has a long history, and its origin cannot be verified. It is too early to say that Zhong Jingwen is the father of folklore.
Haifeng is under its jurisdiction. Its folk culture is rich and colorful, which fully shows its vitality in all folk activities, especially in local operas. Hai Lufeng's orthography, Xiqin Opera, Bai Zixi and Shadow Play did not originate in Japan, but they have a long history. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was combined with local customs and habits in a long history, and then developed into a local opera, which has been passed down to this day and is deeply loved by the masses.
Zhengzi Opera, formerly known as Andrew Opera, uses Zhongzhou phonology (over time, commonly known as "drama club Ding Mandarin"). The main vocal cavity is Yin Zhengqu (a compound vocal cavity of Yiyang, Qingyang, Siping and Haiyan) and Kunqu opera, with a small amount of yellow skin and minor tunes. The history of orthographic drama is not recorded. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were different opinions: some said that Southern Opera had a heritage, others said that it was born out of Yiyang Opera, and so on. Yiyang Opera spread to Yiyang, Jiangxi Province in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, combined with local dialects and folk music, absorbed northern music and evolved, and then spread and developed all over the country. Ming Meng Lingchu said in "Talking about Quza": "Jiangxi Yiyang Tuqu has long and short sentence tones, and its voice is high, so you can listen to its heart." In the Qing Dynasty, Li said in "Drama Talk" that Yiyang dialect "has no music score and only follows local customs." This is very similar to the saying that "anyone can sing a song without a cavity" passed down from generation to generation in orthographic drama, especially the rolling songs such as "Three Songs", which are closer to Yiyang tune. The author thinks that Zhengzi Opera seems to have originated directly from Yiyang Opera in terms of its dull singing, performing arts and traffic conditions at that time, and inherited some operas of Southern Opera from Yiyang Opera, such as Pipa, White Rabbit, Chai Jing, Cailou, Cui Junrui, etc., all of which have undergone "tune change" and formed operas with local flavor. Ming Jiajing's copy of Jieshi Wei Zhi? "Folklore" (Volume 5) contains: "During the Hongwu period, there were more than 10,000 officers and men stationed in Wei, all of whom were from Anhui and Jiangxi. They know neither my hometown dialect nor my local accent. Although there is Bai's hometown drama, it failed to attract them to get together. Soldiers in the garrison wandered around, drinking and gambling, and sometimes there was a disaster of fighting. Seeing this, the sergeant arrived in Yiyang, Quanzhou, Wenzhou and other places several times and hired a Andrew troupe. " So some people say it may be "legionary teleplay", which makes sense. From 1975, when Feng Tang Commune in Chao 'an County was building water conservancy facilities, it was found that the script of Liu Xibi's Chai Jin written by Xuande in the seventh year of Ming Dynasty and several ancient stages such as Haicheng and Jiesheng built in Hongwu County had orthographic drama activities in Haifeng in the early Ming Dynasty.
In the long artistic practice, due to the performance needs and development of this kind of drama (especially the prevalence of the Three Kingdoms), the orthographic drama has changed from the original "eight-column system" to the "nine-line system", but in modern times, it has become five tones (formerly known as two tones), red face, black face, white face, Zheng Sheng (an old student) and Wensheng (a white fan). There are more than 2,000 plays, which are divided into two categories: martial arts dramas (outline dramas) and literati dramas (Qu dramas). There are many martial arts dramas, such as Biography of Great Heroes (such as Biography of Han Dynasty, Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Biography of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Biography of Yang Jiajiang, Biography of Water Margin and Biography of Yue Fei). ) and Biography (such as Green Peony and Pink House). ); There are also a considerable number of "looking forward" (such as Jin Yeju) and "Chu Jin" (such as Zhang Chunlang's haircut). Martial arts dramas are simple, vigorous, vigorous and realistic, and they are good at performing robe dramas, especially the drama Biography of the Three Kingdoms, which reflects the military struggle. He is also good at shaking kung fu, such as shaking flags, feathers, towels, wings, licking his mouth and stirring his face with his sleeves, which can especially cheer the audience. Since the Qing Dynasty and Jiaqing years, due to the prevalence of martial arts dramas, literary dramas were gradually eliminated or simply changed to martial arts dramas, so now only 170 can be recorded. Literary drama has rich artistic connotation, and its plays also have high literary value. The most representative operas are the traditional "Four Comedies" (Sanyuanji, Yuehuatong, Manchuan Watanabe and Wugui) and "Four Bitter Dramas" (Pipa, Chai Jingji, White Rabbit and Sunflower). In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were orthographic performances in Chenghuang Temple, Jiesheng Town, Haifeng County, and Pushang Village in Tianan County. And ask the troupe to play Twelve True Classics with drums (the first production). Unfortunately, it has gradually disappeared. Literary drama performance is completely different from martial arts performance, which is characterized by elegance, delicacy, gentleness, vividness and good singing and doing.
Xiqin Opera, the author initially studied Xiqin Opera in the late Ming Dynasty (namely, Shaanxi Opera and Gansu Tune), then combined with local folk art, and gradually drifted away from his own drama (Xiqin Opera) in the early Qing Dynasty, becoming a unique type of Xiqin Opera. Music aria is a plate variant of antithesis. There are ten industries such as Laosheng, Wusheng, Wensheng, Zheng Dan, Hua Dan, Cotton Tree, Wu Mian, Mo Gong, Ugly, and Shiva. The main vocal cavity is the main line, Xipi and Huanger, and there are also a few Kunqu operas and miscellaneous tunes. The main line (52 tuning strings) is the main melody, and the singing of white songs follows the rhyme of Zhongzhou, with male and female voices in the same tone, male singing the real voice and female singing the falsetto. The band (commonly known as "backcourt") has eight kinds of original percussion instruments, commonly known as "Eight Top Seats", namely, divided discs (orchestral music) and five discs (percussion music). The orchestral instrument has four eleven strings, commonly known as "four eleven strings" (composed by eight percussion players). More than 0/000 scripts/kloc-,more than 700 martial arts plays (outline plays) and more than 400 literary plays (qu plays); Four biographies (Ben Biography), Eight Biographies (Cao Biography), Four Horses with Bows, Thirty-six Songs, Seventy-two Small. The performance style is rough and bold, passionate, good at martial arts, learning from the south and supporting Shaolin. Xiqin Opera, rooted in Hailufeng, is popular in eastern Guangdong and has been to southern Fujian, Taipei, Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia.