First, hide under tables and other solid furniture.
The shaking time is about 1 min. First, hide under a solid table with a low center of gravity and hold the legs tightly. In places where there is no table to hide, protect your head with cushions and other things anyway.
Second, turn off the fire immediately when shaking, and put out the fire immediately when a fire breaks out.
When there is a big earthquake, there will also be situations where you can't rely on fire engines to put out the fire. Therefore, the efforts of each of us to turn off the fire is an important factor in whether the earthquake disaster can be controlled to a minimum.
During the earthquake, there were three opportunities to turn off the fire.
The 1 th opportunity immediately greets the other party at the moment of shaking before the big shake: "Earthquake! Turn off the fire! " Turn off the heating stove, gas stove, etc.
The second chance is when the big shaking stops: when the big shaking happens, turn off the fire and the kettle placed on the gas stove and heating stove slides down, which is very dangerous. Turn off the fire after the big shaking stops.
The third chance is after the fire: even if there is a fire, it can still be put out within 1-2 minutes. In order to put out the fire quickly, always put the fire extinguisher and bucket near the fire point.
Third, don't run outdoors in a panic.
After the earthquake, running out in a panic, broken glass, roof tiles, billboards, etc. are very dangerous. Fall down and hit you. In addition, cement prefabricated walls and vending machines are also in danger of collapse. Don't go near these objects.
Fourth, open the door and ensure the exit.
Houses with reinforced concrete structures, etc. Has been locked in the house because of the dislocation of doors and windows caused by earthquake shaking. Please open the door and ensure the exit.
Five, outdoor occasions, to protect the head, to avoid dangerous places.
In busy streets and buildings, the most dangerous thing is that things like glass windows and billboards fall and hurt people. Pay attention to protect your head with your hands or handbags. In the building area, according to the situation, it is safer to enter the building to avoid.
Six, in department stores, theaters, according to the instructions of the staff.
In places where there are many people in department stores and underground streets, the most terrible thing is chaos. Please follow the instructions of the store staff and security guards.
Seven, the car parked on the side of the road, are not allowed to drive in the control area.
In the event of a major earthquake, the car will be like a flat tire, unable to grasp the steering wheel and difficult to drive. You must pay full attention to avoid the intersection and park your car on the side of the road. In order not to hinder the passage of evacuees and emergency vehicles, we should give way to the middle part of the road.
Eight, we must pay attention to landslides, cliffs or tsunamis.
On hillsides and steep slopes, there is danger of landslides and falling rocks, so you should take refuge in a safe place quickly.
Nine, when taking refuge on foot, you should carry the least items.
In principle, people's disaster prevention organizations, streets, etc. You should take refuge on foot under the leadership of the person in charge and the police, and carry as few items as possible. Never take refuge by car or bike.
Ten, do not listen to rumors, do not act rashly.
In the event of a major earthquake, people are easily shaken psychologically. In order to prevent confusion, it is extremely important for everyone to act calmly based on correct information.
Emergency measures in various situations when the earthquake comes.
1. What emergency preparations should be made before the earthquake?
In areas where destructive earthquakes often occur, especially in areas where the government has officially issued earthquake predictions, every family should seriously prepare for earthquakes.
1. Family members should be familiar with earthquake knowledge and master basic earthquake methods. Don't listen to and spread rumors before and after the earthquake. 2. After the imminent earthquake prediction is released, the court should prepare food, water, flashlights, towels, simple clothes, plastic sheets, simple tents, radios, pagers, etc. , and make emergency preparations to turn off the gas and switch. 3. Flammable, explosive and toxic substances should not be placed indoors, and should be properly placed. Don't pile heavy objects on tall furniture. 4, the main entrance of the house, corridor, aisle don't pile up sundry, to facilitate evacuation. 5. After the imminent earthquake prediction is released, the family members should obey the command of the local government and evacuate according to the designated route and place.
2. What places should be avoided during an earthquake?
High-rise buildings, narrow lanes, high-voltage lines, transformers, steep slopes and river banks.
3. How to carry out personal protection when an earthquake occurs?
A. If you are indoors, you should hide under solid furniture nearby, such as desks, solid beds and rural heatable kang, or you can hide in corners or small-span bathrooms, kitchens and other places with many pipes and good integrity. Be careful not to hide under the window of the external wall, in the elevator room, and not to jump off the building. These are very dangerous. B. If you are in the classroom, under the instruction of the teacher, hold your head and close your eyes and quickly squat down under the desk. As soon as the earthquake stops, evacuate quickly and orderly, and don't crowd when evacuating. C. If you are in a theater, a stadium or a restaurant, you should quickly lie under your seat and put your head in your hands. You can also hide under the stage or orchestra pit; The audience at the gate can quickly run out of the gate or the stadium. D if you are outdoors, try to stay away from narrow streets, tall buildings, tall chimneys, transformers, glass curtain wall buildings, viaducts and yards where dangerous goods and inflammables are stored. After the earthquake stops, don't run back to the collapsed building easily to prevent aftershocks from hurting people. E. If you are in a department store, you should hide near pillars or large commodities, but try to avoid glass cabinets. When you are upstairs, you should seize the opportunity to gradually move to the bottom. F. If you are in the workshop of the factory, you should crouch near large machine tools and equipment, but pay attention to leave dangerous places such as power supply, gas source and fire source. G. If you are in a moving car, tram or train, you should grasp the handrails to avoid falling and bumping, and at the same time, you should pay attention to personal injury caused by falling luggage. People facing the luggage on the seat can lean against the front chair with their arms to protect their heads and faces; People with their backs to luggage can protect the back of their heads with their hands, raise their knees to protect their stomachs and tighten their bodies. After the earthquake, get off the bus quickly and move to the open area. H No matter where you hide, try to protect your head with a quilt, pillow, schoolbag or other soft objects. If an open flame is being used, please put it out quickly.
4. How to deal with the special danger of earthquake correctly?
In case of gas leakage, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel or wet clothes, do not use naked flame, do not turn on and off electrical appliances, and pay attention to prevent metal objects from colliding. In case of fire, lie on the ground, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, and crawl to a safe place against the wind. When toxic gas leaks, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and run in the upwind direction.
5. What self-help measures should be taken after the earthquake?
As long as the people buried by collapsed buildings in the earthquake are conscious and have no major physical trauma, they should strengthen their confidence in being rescued, properly protect themselves and actively implement self-help. A. Cover your mouth, nose and head with wet towels, clothes or other cloth as much as possible to prevent suffocation caused by dust suffocation and avoid injuries caused by further collapse of buildings. B move your hands and feet as much as possible, and remove the dust on your face and the objects pressed on your body. C support the weight above the body with movable objects around to avoid further collapse; Expand the activity space and keep enough air. D. When several people are buried at the same time, encourage each other, plan together, unite and cooperate, and take action to escape when necessary. E. Find and open the escape route, try to escape from danger and move to a brighter, safer and more spacious place. F. if you can't get out of danger for a while, you should try to save your strength. If you can find substitutes and water, you should plan to save and use it, try to prolong the survival time and wait for rescue. G. save your strength and don't call for help blindly. It's quiet around, or when you hear someone walking above (outside), knock on the wall with bricks, iron pipes and other things to send a message to the outside world. Call for help when you are sure that someone is not far away.
6. What principles of mutual rescue should be followed after the earthquake?
Mutual rescue refers to the rescue of people who have escaped from danger and special rescuers buried in the ruins. In order to rescue people in distress to the greatest extent, the following principles should be followed: a. First rescue places where there are many buried people, that is, "more first, then less". B. First rescue people buried nearby, that is, "near first, then far away". C. those who save well first, that is, "easy first, then difficult".
D. Save the minor injuries first, and expand the rescue team, that is, "light before heavy". E. If any medical personnel are buried, priority should be given to the rescue, and the rescue force should be increased.
7. How to find the buried person after the earthquake?
By using search and rescue dogs and measuring trace carbon dioxide gas, people in distress can be easily located. But in order to save time, we can also find the buried survivors in a simple way. First, ask the survivors who know the situation, know who lives in which buildings, whether they go out during the earthquake, and how they live habits, so as to find reliable clues. The second is to see and observe the ruins, especially whether there is living space in the inhabited part; Also observe whether there are traces of crawling or blood in the ruins. The third is to listen, listen to the movements of survivors. The way to listen is: kneel on the ground and listen carefully; Listen in the dead of night; Knock (or whistle) and listen. Sometimes when you knock, he knocks, and the inside and the outside are connected. The fourth is to analyze the original structure, use, material, grade and collapse of the collapsed building to judge the living conditions of the buried personnel.
8. How to scientifically excavate the buried personnel during the rescue process?
Pay attention to the protection and support when digging, remove buried obstacles, and ensure the living space of buried personnel. Be very careful when using digging machinery. The closer you are to the burritor, the more you should use manual operation. A. If you can't be rescued without lifting tools, you can send juicy food to maintain your life, mark it, wait for rescue, and don't be reckless. B. When saving lives, first determine the position of the head of the buried person, fully expose the head at the fastest speed, remove the dust in the oral cavity and nasal cavity, and keep breathing unobstructed. Then expose the chest and abdomen. If there is suffocation, artificial respiration should be carried out immediately. C properly strengthen the support above the buried person to prevent the new collapse of the heavy objects above during the rescue. D. If the buried person cannot come out by himself, he should ask and observe carefully to determine the injury; Don't pull to prevent new injuries. E. For those with spinal injuries, it is necessary to avoid aggravating injuries during excavation. When transferring and handling, you can't walk with your hands, use a soft stretcher, and hold your chest and lift your legs with one person. It is best for three or four people to hold the head, back, hips and legs of the wounded, lay them flat on a hard stretcher or door panel, and fix them with a cloth belt before carrying them. F in case of buried limb fractures and joint injuries, local materials should be taken and fixed with splints such as wooden sticks, branches and cardboard. When fixing, the end of the injured limb should be exposed to observe the blood circulation. G. When transporting the wounded with dyspnea, prone position should be adopted, and the head should be turned to one side to avoid suffocation.
9, how to do a good job of health and epidemic prevention after the earthquake?
(1) The importance of health and epidemic prevention. After the earthquake, a large number of houses collapsed, sewers were blocked, garbage was everywhere, and sewage overflowed; Coupled with the rotten and smelly carcasses of livestock and poultry, it is easy to cause some infectious diseases and spread rapidly. There is a saying in history that "there must be a great epidemic after a great disaster." Therefore, it is very important to do a good job in health and epidemic prevention in post-earthquake relief work. (2) Close the "disease from mouth to mouth". Infectious diseases such as dysentery, enteritis, hepatitis and typhoid fever are easy to occur and spread in summer and autumn. The most important measures to prevent intestinal infectious diseases are to do a good job in water source hygiene and food hygiene, and to manage garbage and feces. A drinking water sources should be protected by special personnel, and wells should be cleaned and disinfected. When drinking water, it is best to purify and disinfect first; We should create conditions for drinking boiled water. B. it is very important to do a good job in food hygiene. Send people to supervise the storage, transportation and distribution of disaster relief food; Disaster relief food and excavated food should be tested before eating. It is necessary to strengthen the inspection and supervision of government canteens and operating restaurants, and urge them to do a good job in fly prevention and tableware disinfection. C. take care of toilets and garbage. After the earthquake, people had no fixed place to urinate because the toilet collapsed; Garbage and ruins can't be distinguished, and mosquitoes and flies breed seriously. Therefore, after the earthquake, it is necessary to build a simple fly-proof toilet in a planned way, and the garbage should be piled up in a fixed place, and the cleaning team should be organized to transport it to the designated place on time for unified treatment. (3) Eliminate mosquitoes and flies. Mosquitoes and flies are the disseminators of infectious diseases such as Japanese encephalitis and dysentery. To kill mosquitoes and flies, it is necessary not only to spray drugs on a large scale, but also to spray drugs in the streets and indoors with sprayers, so as not to leave breeding soil for mosquitoes and flies. Special attention should be paid to mosquito prevention in areas where malaria occurs. Sleep at night to prevent mosquito bites. If the patient is found to have a sudden high fever, headache, vomiting, stiff neck, etc. If you think you may have encephalitis, see a doctor for treatment. (4) Maintain good hygiene habits. Every citizen in the earthquake-stricken area should strive to maintain an optimistic mood, pay attention to health and strengthen physical exercise during the earthquake relief. Clothes should be changed at any time according to climate change, pay attention to cold and warmth, and prevent respiratory infectious diseases such as colds, tracheitis and flu. Old people and children should pay special attention to prevent pneumonia. Pay attention to keep your head, hands and feet warm in winter to prevent frostbite; In summer, we should prepare some cold boiled water and eat some pickles to supplement the salt and water lost in the body due to a lot of sweating to prevent heatstroke.
180 respondent: lzh038