1. Check the personal credit information system of China People's Bank to see if the customer has bad credit records; 2. Query the identity system of the Ministry of Public Security to verify whether the identity information of the borrower is true; 3 field investigation to verify the authenticity of the borrower's loan purpose and whether the collateral is sufficient and effective; 4. Find out the borrower's work unit and employment status by telephone, and verify the borrower's income and asset strength by reviewing the unit income certificate, tax bill certificate, social security and other materials provided by the borrower; 5. Reasonably calculate all liabilities and other expenses of the borrower's bank, verify the normal living expenses of the borrower's family, accurately calculate the income and expenditure ratio of the borrower's family, and determine the borrower's debt tolerance. Due diligence is an important part of credit business. We need to collect, collate, compare and analyze customer data, judge customers' repayment ability and willingness, and put forward feasible risk control opinions to reduce the risk in loans overdue from the source. The contents of the preparatory work include: collecting customer information, listing the survey points, filling in the survey outline and making an appointment with customers. Basic principles of customer due diligence: 1, principle of double investigation: the principle of double investigation, also known as the principle of AB angle, means that each credit granting business must be conducted by at least two credit granting personnel, the initiator (A angle) and the co-sponsor (B angle), and clear opinions should be signed in the investigation report. 2. Principle of on-the-spot investigation: On-the-spot investigation refers to the on-the-spot investigation of customers, enterprises, families, collateral and guarantors by the credit manager. Ensure the authenticity and validity of the information provided by customers. 3. Principle of true reflection: The two credit managers, the sponsor and the co-sponsor, should truthfully reflect what they have learned in the due diligence and do not avoid any risk point. 4. Cross-validation principle: Cross-validation means that in due diligence, the credit manager confirms the same information through different channels to see whether the information provided orally by the customer is consistent with the written information and the actual situation, and to judge whether the information provided by the customer is true, accurate and complete. In the process of due diligence, we should try to collect all kinds of customer documents, such as financial statements, procurement documents, sales documents, logistics documents, customer orders, statements, water and electricity bills, etc. , and verify them one by one. If necessary, we can take the method of cross-verification, compare these written materials with each other, and compare them with the information provided orally by customers to judge their authenticity and reliability.
2. What is the due diligence of bank loans?
1, check whether there is any bad credit record;
2. Query the identity system of the Ministry of Public Security to verify whether the identity information of the borrower is true;
3. Field investigation to verify the validity of the loan;
4. Telephone inquiry, etc. , employment situation, by reviewing the borrower's unit income certificate, tax bill certificate, social security and other materials, to verify the borrower's income and asset strength;
5. Reasonably calculate all liabilities and other expenses of the borrower's bank, and verify that the borrower's family is calculating the borrower's family acceptance.
Due diligence collects, collates, compares and analyzes customer data, judges customers' repayment ability and willingness, and puts forward feasible risk control opinions to reduce loans overdue risk from the source.
The contents of the preparatory work include: collecting the outline of customer information and making an appointment with customers.
Basic principles of customer due diligence:
The principle of investigation, also known as the AB angle principle, refers to that in each transaction, two credit officers assisted by the credit industry (B angle) conduct due diligence and sign clear opinions in the investigation report.
2. On-the-spot investigation principle: On-the-spot investigation refers to the on-the-spot investigation conducted by the credit manager according to the situation of the family, collateral and guarantor. Ensure the authenticity and validity of the information provided by customers.
3. Principle of true reflection: The two credit managers, the sponsor and the co-sponsor, should truthfully reflect what they have learned in the due diligence and do not avoid any risk point.
4. Cross-validation principle: Cross-validation means that in due diligence, the credit manager confirms the same information through different channels, and the header information of the visitor's account is consistent with the actual situation, and the judgment is true, accurate and complete.
In the process of due diligence, we should try to collect all kinds of customer documents, such as financial statements, procurement documents, sales documents, logistics documents, customer orders, etc. , and verify them one by one. When necessary, we can compare these written materials by cross-validation to judge their authenticity and reliability.
Three. What are the main contents of loan due diligence?
Personal loan survey mainly includes:
1. Basic information of the borrower;
2. The income of the borrower;
3. The purpose of the loan;
4. The source, repayment ability and method of the borrower;
5. Guarantor's willingness to guarantee, ability to guarantee, value of collateral and liquidity.
The loan investigation should be based on on-the-spot investigation, supplemented by indirect investigation, and adopt ways and methods such as on-the-spot verification, telephone inquiry and information consultation. On the premise of not damaging the legitimate rights and interests of the borrower and controlling risks, the lender may prudently entrust some specific matters in the loan investigation to a third party, but may not entrust all the matters in the loan investigation to a third party.
4. What is the main purpose of financial due diligence?
Investigate the overall financial information of the target enterprise.
When conducting financial due diligence, the first thing you need to know is some basic financial conditions of the target enterprise. Financial investigators can know the full name, establishment time, historical evolution, registered capital, shareholders, form, nature and main business of the target enterprise by obtaining the business license, capital verification report, articles of association and organization chart of the target enterprise. A detailed understanding of the target enterprise should also include the headquarters of the target enterprise and all companies with control rights, and make appropriate understanding of relevant parties. In addition, the current financial management mode of the enterprise, the financial personnel structure of the financial department, the degree of accounting computerization of the target enterprise, and the application of the enterprise management system are also background materials that need to be understood.
After obtaining the above information, we should also have a comprehensive understanding of the accounting policies and tax policies of the target enterprise: the current accounting policies of the target enterprise, major changes in accounting policies in the past three years, and the principles and scope of the merger of current accounting statements; And the disclosure of the list of accounting firms and audit reports in the past three years. The tax policy of the target enterprise includes: current tax types, tax rates, calculation bases and collection departments; Preferential tax policies; Tax relief/burden; Tax policies for related party transactions; Tax policies for management fees and capital occupation fees of group companies; Tax settlement and payment.
Investigate the specific financial situation of the target enterprise.
1. The reliability of the financial statements of the target enterprise will affect the reliability of the financial due diligence results. The reliability of financial statements is related to the perfection of internal control procedures of enterprises. Therefore, in general, internal control procedures should also be considered when conducting due diligence. For example, we can grasp the internal control system of the target enterprise through interviews and drawing flowcharts. After understanding the internal control system of the target enterprise, we can make a detailed investigation on its financial status, profitability and cash flow.
2. When investigating the financial situation of the target enterprise, we should not only verify the authenticity of monetary funds, but also pay attention to whether there are frozen funds. Accounts receivable should be analyzed from the aspects of aging, overdue accounts, bad debts, etc., and the changing trend and reasons in recent years should be paid attention to whether it is overestimated. In addition, large accounts receivable depend on the sales contract. Generally, domestic enterprises will temporarily classify investment, start-up expenses, previous losses or prepaid expenses as other receivables. Therefore, when investigating other receivables, we should specifically ask about the relevant contents, evaluate the appropriateness of accounting treatment, and put forward appropriate accounting adjustment suggestions. In the inventory investigation, we should refer to the latest inventory records, pay attention to the goods issued and the goods issued by stages, find out the problems of backlog, damage, unsalable sales, obsolescence and liquidation, determine whether the extraction preparation is sufficient, inquire about the calculation method of inventory, and determine whether the calculation method is appropriate. When conducting a long-term investment survey, it is necessary to verify the investment proportion and rights and interests of the holding companies and understand the investment information of the participating companies. For projects under construction, it is necessary to know the project budget, degree of completion, purpose of the project and whether there are any shutdown projects. For the investigation of fixed assets, land houses are investigated by reviewing the property certificates of houses and land, such as land certificates and real estate licenses. For machinery and equipment, it is necessary to inquire whether there are any machinery and equipment that should be scrapped or need to be set aside for impairment. In addition, investigators should also pay attention to whether the depreciation extraction method is reasonable, whether the depreciation rate reflects the consumption and service life of fixed assets, and whether the depreciation has been accounted according to the set depreciation extraction method and depreciation rate. In the investigation of intangible assets, it is necessary to analyze the types and acquisition methods of intangible assets, the service life of intangible assets and the basis of pricing. In the investigation of bank loans, investigators should obtain and consult a detailed list, which should indicate the interest rate, repayment period, mortgage, commitment, etc. And check the loan contract to find out whether there is asset mortgage and guarantee, and calculate whether the loan interest has been fully extracted and recorded to see if it violates the terms of the loan contract. For accounts payable, investigators should obtain a detailed list and analyze the accounts payable cycle and supplier distribution. In order to prevent the target enterprise from having unrecorded liabilities, investigators should also consult the post-payment vouchers, minutes of meetings of the board of directors and shareholders' general meeting, cooperate with relevant lawyers in due diligence, analyze and investigate the tax payable, obtain a detailed list of changes in the tax payable, ask whether all taxes have been declared and paid as scheduled, ask whether there is underreporting, false reporting or underreporting, consult letters with tax authorities, and analyze whether the paid taxes are reasonable.
3. When investigating the sales revenue and cost reflecting the profitability of the target enterprise, investigators should calculate the changing trend of sales revenue, sales volume, unit price, unit cost and gross profit margin in recent years, the changing trend of product structure in recent years, the change of major customers of the target enterprise and the concentration of sales revenue, the difference between related transactions and unrelated transactions and their impact on profits, cost structure and key cost factors, and analyze their impact on cost changes to find out the major changes of the above factors. The sales revenue analysis of target enterprises can be classified by major regions, major products and major customers. Combined with the above analysis, it can enlighten the past and future profit prospects of the target enterprise. For the analysis of the three expenses of the target enterprise, it is necessary to analyze the rationality, future trends and changes of the three expenses according to the expense schedule. For other business profits, investigators should know whether there are stable sources of income for other businesses and the data in recent years. In the investment income survey, investigators should pay attention to the situation of foreign investment in recent years and the rate of return of various investments. Pay attention to whether there is any abnormality in the investigation of non-operating income and expenditure.
4. In the investigation of the cash flow of the target enterprise, investigators should pay special attention to the net operating cash flow, check whether the net operating cash flow can meet the net interest expenses of financing activities through the calculation of some ratios, and combine the balance sheet and income statement to find out whether there are major sources of operating funds besides sales income and their contributions to the net operating cash flow.