1, when is the best time to take medicine?
First, fasting: 65438+ 0 hours before meals or 2 hours after meals.
Generally speaking, taking medicine on an empty stomach is usually written on the drug instructions, which means taking medicine before meals 1 hour or 2 hours after meals.
Generally, tonic drugs should be taken on an empty stomach in the morning to facilitate full absorption.
For example, drugs used to repel insects should be taken on an empty stomach, so that the drugs can quickly enter the intestine and maintain a high concentration to quickly exert their efficacy.
There are also some salt laxatives, such as magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate, which act on the intestine and are beneficial to drug absorption.
The same is true of traditional Chinese medicine decoction, which has purgative effect to enhance its curative effect.
Second, before meals: 15 ~ 60 minutes before meals.
Taking medicine before meals generally means taking medicine 15 ~ 60 minutes before meals.
Generally, astringent and antidiarrheal drugs, such as basic bismuth carbonate, should be taken before eating to avoid the influence of food on drugs.
There are also some antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs that have little irritation to the digestive tract and can also be taken before meals.
Usually, some stomach medicines need to be taken before meals to avoid food blocking the contact between medicines and the stomach wall.
There are also some antibiotics, such as cefalexin, which are easily affected by food and should be taken before meals.
After meals: 15 ~ 30 minutes after meals.
The dosage after meals is 15 ~ 30 minutes after meals.
Because most drugs are absorbed in the small intestine, and the time when the drug mixed food reaches the small intestine is just the time when the drug begins to take effect.
Therefore, drugs that are irritating to the gastric mucosa, drugs that help digestion, and drugs that need to take effect slowly should be taken after meals.
Such as aspirin, phenylbutazone and other anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, ferrous sulfate, some antibiotics and so on.
In addition, most antitussive and expectorant drugs are irritating to the digestive tract and should also be taken after meals.
Four. With meals: Take medicine with meals.
Taking medicine with meals means taking medicine with meals.
Hypoglycemic drugs such as metformin, acarbose and glimepiride should be taken with meals.
Acarbose should be swallowed or chewed with the first meal, so that it can take effect at the same time when the food enters the small intestine to achieve the best hypoglycemic effect.
Amylase, pancreatin and yeast should be ingested in meals, which can help the digestion of enzymes and avoid being destroyed by gastric acid.
Some drugs can also be taken with meals to reduce gastrointestinal reactions, such as glucosamine sulfate, which can reduce gastrointestinal discomfort.
5. dressing gown: before and after breakfast.
Morning service usually refers to taking medicine before or after breakfast.
Depression is characterized by light weight in the morning, so antidepressants such as fluoxetine and paroxetine should be taken in the morning.
Antihypertensive drugs such as perindopril and amlodipine. Because blood pressure is higher during the day than at night, antihypertensive drugs taken 1 time a day are mostly taken in the morning.
The efficacy of anti-angina drugs also has a circadian rhythm. Taking it in the morning can obviously dilate coronary artery and improve myocardial ischemia, so it is best to take it immediately when you wake up in the morning.
6. Clothing before going to bed: 15 ~ 30 minutes before going to bed.
Generally speaking, take medicine 15 ~ 30 minutes before going to bed.
Such as hypnotics, laxatives, anthelmintics, antiallergic drugs, etc. It is usually taken half an hour before going to bed at night.
Taking flunarizine (sibelium) before going to bed is beneficial to sleep and dilate blood vessels in the brain.
Bronchial asthma attacks are more common at night, and you can also take some antiasthmatic drugs such as ephedrine and aminophylline before going to bed.
Summary of knowledge points
Fasting: Generally speaking, take it before meals 1 hour or 2 hours after meals; Before meals: take it 15~60 minutes before meals; After meals: take it 15~30 minutes after meals; When eating: take medicine after eating a little, and continue to eat after taking medicine; Dressing gown: Take it in the morning (before or after breakfast); Before going to bed: take it 15~30 minutes before going to bed.
2. What are the misunderstandings of taking medicine?
1. Take several medicines together.
Each drug has a specific chemical composition. When different chemical components meet, it may "amplify" the side effects of the drug itself, or it may produce new substances harmful to health. "Hypertension and dizziness are the most common and dangerous side effects," said Dr Anne Manighetti, director of the Epocrates Clinical Information Center in the United States. If one drug makes you dizzy, the result of taking two drugs at the same time is likely to be fainting, and the result is often a fracture or concussion.
"Another drug that needs special attention is the anticoagulant warfarin." According to Dr negrete, this drug is called "the king of drug interaction". Its effective dose range is relatively narrow, too much or too little may cause adverse reactions, and it is also easily affected by other cardiac drugs.
Countermeasures: Every time you buy medicine, you'd better keep the drug instructions, or ask the pharmacist to print a description of common side effects for you. If the side effects of several drugs used at the same time are similar, it is best not to take them at the same time. In addition, if similar side effects occur, please ask the doctor to adjust the medication plan in time.
2. Confuse the name of the drug and read the wrong package.
Some doctors have scrawled handwriting. If you take such a prescription to buy medicine, the pharmacist is likely to make a "wrong judgment." This is because many drug names are really too similar. Pharmacies often arrange drugs according to their names, which also lays a hidden danger for taking the wrong drugs. Therefore, when patients buy medicine, they must check whether the medicine can cure their own diseases.
According to a statistic, because of the confusion of drug names, nearly 1/4 wrong drugs were used. For example, the English pronunciation of paroxetine for depression is very similar to that of clopidogrel, an antithrombotic drug, and paclitaxel, an anticancer drug. Similar problems also exist in Chinese names of drugs. For example, glibenclamide is a antihypertensive drug, and glucagon is a hypoglycemic drug. Indomethacin is mainly used to treat arthritis and myalgia, and indomethacin is used for patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris.
There is also a situation that cannot be ignored-the drug packaging is the same. Doctors warned that the new packaging of Ai Chang and Merrill Lynch, commonly used medicines for children, looked like "twin brothers", but their functions were different. The former mainly treats cold, stuffy nose, runny nose and cough, while the latter is antipyretic.
Countermeasures: First of all, when you get a new prescription, you'd better check the name, dosage, usage and other contents with the doctor. Secondly, when actually using drugs, we should carefully check the names of drugs. Take Ai Chang and Merrill Lynch as examples. If the baby has a fever in the middle of the night and needs medication, making a mistake is likely to delay the illness.
3. Take the same medicine repeatedly
Drugs with the same generic name will have a unique "trade name" when produced by different pharmaceutical companies. Many times, people are familiar with their trade names, but ignore their common names, which may lead to repeated drug use. For example, people all know that furosemide is a diuretic, but little is known about its generic name furosemide.
Countermeasure: If the medicine chosen by the doctor has a trade name, it is best to let him indicate it on the prescription. If you are interested, you can also pay attention. In fact, many drugs have aliases. Take acetaminophen (generic name) commonly used for reducing fever, paracetamol and acetaminophen also refer to it, and the trade names are Bilitong and Tylenol.
4. Wrong dose
Drugs have different units of measurement, usually marked with abbreviations or symbols. This is definitely a challenge for people who are not familiar with medical common sense. Misreading a decimal point, such as taking 1.0 mg as 10 mg, will lead to a serious error of ten times the dose. When using injectable drugs such as insulin, it is especially necessary to find out the standard unit of measurement.
Countermeasure: Take a closer look at your prescription. If you don't understand the meaning of measurement unit, please consult a pharmacist and mark it to strengthen your memory.
5. Drinking alcohol while taking medicine
There are not a few drugs that don't like drinking. Drinking while eating sleeping pills may make people unconscious; Drinking alcohol during cephalosporin use may lead to facial flushing, palpitation, dyspnea and even anaphylactic shock; Alcohol not only increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin and paracetamol, but also may cause serious liver and kidney damage; Alcohol may enhance the effect of antihypertensive drugs, leading to hypotension; Drinking alcohol on an empty stomach during taking medicine is easy to cause hypoglycemia.
Countermeasure: Don't take chances unless the doctor tells you clearly that you don't have to avoid alcohol during taking a certain medicine. Even if you take cold medicine, alcohol may increase their liver damage, because it may contain antipyretic and analgesic drugs.
6. Take health care products when taking medicine.
You can buy over-the-counter drugs without seeing a doctor, and you can buy health care products in supermarkets and shopping malls, which makes people feel "very safe". But if you are taking prescription drugs, be careful. For example, bismuth subsalicylate tablets can quickly relieve indigestion symptoms such as fullness, heartburn and nausea in the upper abdomen, but it may interact with some anticoagulants and hypoglycemic agents, increasing the risk of adverse reactions.
There is a health care product made of St. John's wort extract in the United States, and many people use it to relieve mild depression. In fact, it affects other antidepressants, and sometimes interferes with warfarin and some heart drugs, such as digoxin.
Countermeasure: Yes, when the doctor makes a prescription, you must tell him about the over-the-counter drugs and health care products you have taken or are taking in the last week or two to avoid such risks.
7. Don't avoid taking medicine.
Food can also affect the action of drugs. For example, grapefruit is rich in vitamin C and potassium, but it is best not to take medicine at the same time. Because there is an enzyme in human small intestine that can catalyze the metabolism of many drugs, some components in grapefruit will interfere with the action of this enzyme and affect the absorption of drugs.
When taking statins such as simvastatin and atorvastatin, drinking grapefruit juice in large quantities will promote the accumulation of drugs in the body and increase the risk of liver injury and skeletal muscle dissolution.
Eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while taking the antihistamine fexofenadine may inhibit the absorption of the drug and make it partially "ineffective". Because drinking grapefruit juice may interfere with drug absorption within 3~4 hours, it is best not to drink grapefruit juice or eat grapefruit during taking the above two drugs.
In addition, it should be noted that don't drink a lot of coffee during taking painkillers, eat less oil when taking iron, and don't drink soy milk.
Countermeasure: Are the drugs on the prescription picky about food? You have to ask the doctor.
8, liver and kidney are not good, and the dose has not decreased.
When liver and kidney function is impaired, the body's ability to remove drug metabolites will be weakened. Moreover, many drugs themselves have great damage to liver and kidney. Therefore, such patients usually need to reduce the dosage moderately or adopt dosage forms that have little influence on liver and kidney, such as suppositories and skin patches.
Countermeasures: If the drug instructions emphasize that the drug may damage the liver and kidney, then you must consult your doctor about the possible risks after taking the drug. For the sake of safety, if the medicine prescribed by the doctor may damage the liver and kidney function, or the patient himself suffers from liver and kidney diseases, it is best to test the liver and kidney function first, and then decide the type and dosage of medicine.
9. Ignoring the age limit of drugs
Time and tide wait for no man, and the elderly cannot be forced to take medicine. Dementia, dizziness, falls, hypertension, etc. It is a common side effect of the elderly after taking medicine. In the early 1990s, the research team led by Dr. Mark Beers made a standard and screened out a list of drugs that were no longer safe for the elderly over 65, which was called "Beers List". When giving medicine to the elderly, you must refer to it.
Countermeasures: Just take a look at the "bill list" when prescribing, and it will be clear at a glance. Sadly, however, the latest survey found that 16% of people over 65 are still using two or more drugs on the bill.
People who may often take medicine have a deep understanding of taking medicine, because they often forget to take medicine, and sometimes they say they want to take it before meals, so many people take it immediately after taking medicine, or sometimes they say they want to take it after meals. In fact, this is unscientific and unhealthy. It takes 15-30 minutes before and after meals.