E-commerce usually refers to a new business operation mode in which buyers and sellers conduct various business activities without meeting each other in a wide range of business and trade activities around the world under the open network environment of the Internet, and realize online shopping for consumers, online trading for merchants and online electronic payment, as well as various business activities, trading activities, financial activities and related comprehensive service activities. Governments, scholars and business people in various countries have given many different definitions according to their respective positions and different angles and degrees of participation in e-commerce. E-commerce is divided into ABC, B2B, B2C, C2C, B2M, M2C, B2A (namely B2G), C2A (namely C2G), O2O, etc.
At the same time, network marketing is also the product of e-commerce, and for network marketing, we should make a good network marketing plan before doing it, so as to facilitate the implementation of the plan.
Chinese name
E-commerce/e-commerce
Foreign name
E-commerce, e-commerce
pressure
Use electronic tools to engage in business activities.
Internal capacity
Electronic money exchange, electronic trading market, etc.
Close key
Electronic equipment and network technology
Intrinsic characteristics
Shopping malls, consumers, products, logistics
Associated object
Keywords trading platform, platform operator,
abbreviation
European Commission (European Commission)
platform
Internet, intranet, value-added network
key word
E-business, e-commerce
catalogue
The basic concept of 1
E-commerce definition
Intrinsic characteristics
Associated object
being value
Mobile e-commerce
Second life
2 development and prospects
Development history
stage of development
development trends
Domestic prospect
3 scope and type
News report
classify
4 Features and functions
basic feature
Various functions
5 Operation and profitability
Mode of operation
profit model
Station building mode
6 logistics and warehousing
logistics management
warehousing management
7 post and training
Related positions
qualification test
University major
8 Other related
Relevant laws
Enterprise Resources Planning
Internet marketing
Related terms
9 related reports
Main characteristics of e-commerce development in China.
Basic concept editing
E-commerce definition
E-commerce is a business activity using microcomputer technology and network communication technology. Governments, scholars and business people in various countries have given many different definitions according to their respective positions and different angles and degrees of participation in e-commerce. However, electronic commerce is not the same as electronic commerce.
Even though e-commerce has different definitions in different countries or fields, its key is still the business model that relies on electronic equipment and network technology. With the rapid development of e-commerce, it includes not only the main connotation of shopping, but also auxiliary services such as logistics and distribution. E-commerce includes electronic currency exchange, supply chain management, electronic trading market, online marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management and automatic data collection system. In this process, the information technologies used include: Internet, extranet, e-mail, database, electronic directory and mobile phone.
First of all, e-commerce is divided into broad sense and narrow sense. E-commerce in a broad sense is defined as using various electronic tools to engage in business activities; In a narrow sense, e-commerce is defined as mainly using the Internet to engage in business or activities. Regardless of the broad or narrow concept of e-commerce, e-commerce covers two aspects: first, it cannot be called e-commerce without the platform of Internet; Second, what is done through the Internet is a commercial activity.
E-commerce (EC for short) in a narrow sense refers to global business activities carried out by using electronic tools such as the Internet (including telegraph, telephone, radio, television, fax, computer, computer network, mobile communication, etc.). ). It is the sum of all kinds of business activities based on computer network, including the behaviors of suppliers, advertisers, consumers, intermediaries and other interested parties of goods and services. People generally understand that e-commerce refers to e-commerce in a narrow sense.
Broadly speaking, the word e-commerce comes from e-commerce, that is, business activities conducted by electronic means. By using electronic tools such as the Internet, companies, suppliers, customers and partners can enjoy information through e-commerce, realize the electronization of business processes among enterprises, and cooperate with the electronic production management system within enterprises to improve the efficiency of production, inventory, circulation and capital of enterprises.
The United Nations Working Group on Simplifying International Trade Procedures defines e-commerce as: conducting business activities in electronic form, including any electronic tools among suppliers, customers, governments and other participants. Such as EDI, Web technology, e-mail, etc. * * * Enjoy unstructured business information, manage and complete various transactions in business activities, management activities and consumption activities.
E-commerce is the whole business process of realizing electronization, digitalization, networking and commercialization by using computer technology, network technology and remote communication technology.
E-commerce is the transaction process of business activities conducted by electronic means within the scope permitted by law, with business activities as the main body and computer networks as the basis.
E-commerce is a process of constantly optimizing various activities of enterprises by using digital information technology.
The concept of commerce (e-commerce), in 1997, the company put forward the concept of e-commerce (e-commerce). E-commerce focuses on electronic transactions, emphasizing the transactions and cooperation between enterprises and the outside world, and the coverage of e-commerce has expanded a lot. In a broad sense, it refers to the use of various electronic tools to engage in business or activities. In a narrow sense, it refers to the use of the Internet to engage in business activities.
Intrinsic characteristics
Four elements: shopping malls, consumers, products and logistics.
1. Trading: major online platforms provide consumers with high-quality and low-priced goods, attract consumers to buy and promote more businesses to settle in.
4. Cooperation: It is one of the hard conditions for e-commerce operation to establish a cooperative relationship with logistics companies to provide the ultimate guarantee for consumers' purchase behavior.
3. Service: Logistics, one of the three elements of e-commerce, mainly provides consumers with purchasing services, thus realizing another transaction.
Associated object
The formation and transaction of e-commerce cannot be separated from the following four aspects:
I. Trading platform
The third-party e-commerce platform (hereinafter referred to as the third-party trading platform) refers to the sum of information network systems that provide transaction matching and related services for two or more parties in e-commerce activities;
Second, platform operators.
Operators of third-party trading platforms (hereinafter referred to as platform operators) refer to natural persons, legal persons and other organizations that have registered with the administrative department for industry and commerce and obtained business licenses, engaged in the operation of third-party trading platforms and provided services for both parties to the transaction;
Third, station operators.
In-station operators of third-party trading platforms (hereinafter referred to as in-station operators) refer to natural persons, legal persons and other organizations engaged in trading and related service activities on e-commerce trading platforms.
Fourth, the payment system
Payment system is a kind of financial arrangement, sometimes called clearing system, which is composed of intermediaries and professional technical means that provide payment and clearing services, and realizes payment instruction transmission and fund settlement.
E-commerce has a relatively perfect portal with information flow, capital flow and logistics.
being value
The value of e-commerce lies in allowing consumers to shop and pay online through the network, saving time and space for customers and enterprises, greatly improving transaction efficiency and saving a lot of precious time, especially for busy office workers. 2 1 century, in today's diversified consumer information, it has become a habit for consumers to know the product information of local shopping malls through online channels such as Baidu micro-purchase, Taobao and Newegg. And then enjoy the fun of on-site shopping.
Mobile e-commerce
Mobile e-commerce is B2B, B2C or C2C e-commerce using mobile phones, PDA, PDA and other wireless terminals. It perfectly combines the Internet, mobile communication technology, short-distance communication technology and other information processing technologies, so that people can conduct various business activities at any time and any place, and realize online and offline shopping transactions, online electronic payment, various trading activities, business activities, financial activities and related comprehensive service activities.
Mobile e-commerce is produced under the condition of highly developed wireless transmission technology, such as 3G technology, which is often mentioned as the carrier of mobile e-commerce. In addition, Wifi and Wapi technologies are also one of the options for wireless e-commerce. The mobile phone conference solution of using the mobile phone in time to hold a conference call quickly. Experience the new concept of 3G/wifi network mobile conference, and manage the conference with your mobile phone at any time during the conference to maximize work efficiency.
Second life
Virtual world is a very interesting e-commerce model. This is a user-defined world where people can interact, entertain and do business. The most famous virtual world is Second Life.
Marketing mode:
Service marketing, experiential marketing, knowledge marketing, emotional marketing, experiential micro-marketing, educational marketing, differentiated marketing, direct selling, online marketing, search marketing, etc.
Development and foreground editing
Development history
starting time
1990- 1993, the era of electronic data exchange, has become the initial stage of e-commerce in China.
Embryonic stage
1993- 1997, the government took the lead in organizing the "three gold projects" stage, which laid a solid foundation for the development of e-commerce.
1993 established the national joint conference on economic informatization with Zou Jiahua, then vice premier of the State Council, and its office, and successively organized the "three gold projects" such as Jintong, Golden Card and Golden Tax, and made great progress.
1996 1 national leading group, the State Council was established, headed by the vice premier and attended by more than 20 ministries and commissions, to lead and organize the national informatization construction in a unified way.
1996, jinqiao network and internet were officially opened.
During the period of 1997, the Information Office organized relevant departments to draft and compile the Information Planning of China.
In April, a national conference on informatization was held in Shenzhen, 1997. Leading groups and their offices were set up in all provinces and cities, and all provinces began to formulate their own informatization construction plans, including e-commerce.
From 65438 to 0997, advertisers began to use online advertising.
Since April 1997, China Commodity Order System (CGOS) has been in operation.
period of expansion
1998-2000, the development stage of internet e-commerce.
1March 1998, the first online transaction in China was successful.
1998 10 The State Economic and Trade Commission and the Ministry of Information Industry jointly announced the launch of the "Golden Trade Project", which is a large-scale pilot project to promote network applications and develop e-commerce in the field of economic and trade circulation.
1999 March 8848 and other B2C websites were officially opened, and online shopping entered the practical application stage.
1999, generalized e-commerce such as government online, enterprise online, e-government (government online project), online tax payment, online education (online university of Hunan University and Zhejiang University), and remote diagnosis (Beijing and Shanghai hospitals) started, and have been piloted and entered the actual trial stage.
locking phase
From 2000 to 2009, e-commerce gradually took traditional industry B2B as the main body, which indicated that e-commerce entered a stable period of sustainable development.
mature period
The vigorous development of 3G has promoted the formation of the whole network e-commerce V5 era, and e-commerce has been highly valued by the national high-level and promoted to the national strategic level.
stage of development
First stage
E-mail phase. This stage can be considered as the early 1970s, when the average traffic volume increased several times a year.
stage Ⅱ
Information release stage. Since 1995, the information publishing system represented by Web technology has exploded and become the main application of the Internet. How do SMEs grasp the era of e-commerce from "extensive" to "precise" marketing?
The third stage
EC (Electronic Commerce) is the stage of electronic commerce. E-commerce has just started in America. The reason why EC is listed as an epoch-making thing is because the main commercial use of the Internet is e-commerce. At the same time, on the other hand, it can be said that the commercial information in a few years is mainly transmitted through the Internet. Internet is about to become the nervous system of our business information society. 1At the fifth informal APEC summit held in Vancouver, Canada at the end of 1997, US President Bill Clinton put forward a motion urging countries to promote the development of e-commerce, which attracted the attention of global leaders. IBM, HP, Sun and other internationally renowned information technology vendors have announced 1998 as the year of e-commerce.
The fourth stage
The entire e-commerce stage. With the emergence of SaaS(Software as a Service) software service mode, software has landed on the Internet, extending the e-commerce chain and forming the latest conceptual mode of "full-process e-commerce".
The fifth stage
Wisdom stage. 20 1 1 year, internet information fragmentation and cloud computing technology are becoming more and more mature, and active internet marketing mode appears, and i-Commerce (individual business) comes out with the trend. E-commerce broke away from the traditional sales model and turned to the Internet to communicate with users in depth from the perspectives of initiative, interaction and user care. Among them, the ICE proposed by IZP Technology Group is the most representative.
development trends
Broader environment: People are not limited by time, space and traditional shopping, and can conduct online transactions anytime and anywhere.
Broader market: The world on the Internet will become very small. A merchant can face consumers all over the world, and a consumer can shop in any merchant in the world.
Faster circulation and lower price: E-commerce reduces the intermediate links of commodity circulation and saves a lot of expenses, thus greatly reducing the cost of commodity circulation and transaction.
More in line with the requirements of the times: now people are increasingly pursuing fashion, paying attention to individuality and shopping environment, and online shopping can better reflect the personalized shopping process.
Domestic prospect
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China's e-commerce industry has developed rapidly, the industrial scale has expanded rapidly, and e-commerce information, transactions, technology and other service enterprises have emerged constantly. In 20 10, the transaction volume of e-commerce market in China has reached 4.5 trillion yuan, up 22% year-on-year. 20 1 1 year, the total amount of e-commerce transactions in China reached a new high, reaching 5.88 trillion yuan, of which the e-commerce transactions of SMEs reached 3.2 1 trillion yuan.
20 12 in the first quarter, the overall transaction scale of China e-commerce market was 1.76 trillion, up 25.8% year-on-year and down 4.2% quarter-on-quarter. 20 12 in the second quarter, the overall transaction scale of China e-commerce market was 1.88 trillion, up 25.0% year-on-year and 7.3% quarter-on-quarter.
By the end of 20 13, the transaction scale of China e-commerce market reached 10.2 trillion, up by 29.9% year-on-year. Among them, the transaction volume of B2B e-commerce market reached 8.2 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3 1.2%. The transaction scale of online retail market reached 1885 1 billion yuan, up 42.8% year-on-year. The top ten provinces (including municipalities) are: Guangdong, Jiangsu, Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Shandong, Hubei, Fujian, Sichuan and Hunan.
By the end of 20 13 and 12, there were more than 2.35 million direct employees in e-commerce service enterprises. The number of employees indirectly driven by e-commerce has exceeded 6.5438+0.68 million.
20 13 in the industry structure of e-commerce market segmentation, B2B e-commerce accounts for 80.4%; The market share of online retail transaction scale reached17.6%; Online group buying accounted for 0.6%; Others account for 1.4%.
E-commerce support policies will be introduced.
On May 28th, 20 13, the National Development and Reform Commission indicated that the 13 department would introduce a series of policies and measures to support the development of e-commerce from five aspects: trusted transaction, mobile payment, online electronic invoice, business circulation and logistics distribution. According to the Survey Report of China E-commerce Industry released by Industry Insight, the e-commerce in China continued to grow rapidly in 201kloc-0/year, with the transaction volume exceeding 8 trillion yuan, up by 3 1.7% year-on-year.
20 13 On May 28th, the National Development and Reform Commission indicated that the State Administration for Industry and Commerce was working with relevant departments to promote the standardized management and service of subjects, objects and basic information of e-commerce transactions. The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine is also striving to establish a standardized management system and a quality publicity system for basic information of e-commerce trading products based on a unified product coding system; The Ministry of Commerce vigorously promotes the construction of credit monitoring system.
In terms of mobile payment, the People's Bank of China is studying and formulating specific policies for the development of mobile payment to guide commercial banks and various payment institutions to implement financial industry standards for mobile payment.
In terms of online electronic invoices, State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China is further studying and promoting the pilot of online electronic invoices and improving the management system and standards of electronic invoices; The Ministry of Finance has studied and improved a series of rules and regulations such as the electronic express file management system.
In the field of commercial circulation, the Ministry of Commerce will further improve the policies, management systems and standards of e-commerce applications in the fields of transaction, logistics distribution and online auction.
In terms of logistics and distribution, the State Post Bureau is making efforts to establish a timely notification mechanism for express delivery in key areas, improve the series of safeguard measures for e-commerce distribution, and innovate the e-commerce express delivery service mechanism.
Scope and type editing
News report
E-commerce covers a wide range, which can be generally divided into agents, enterprises and consumers (ABC), business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C). Consumer-to-consumer (C2C), business-to-government, online-to-offline (O2O), business-to-family, supply-to-demand, and online-to-partner (O2P) modes, among which there are two main modes: business-to-business and business-to-consumer mode. Consumer-to-business (C2B) is also emerging, and it is regarded as the future of e-commerce by Ma Yun and others. With the increase of the number of netizens in China, the consumption patterns of online shopping and bank card payment are becoming more and more popular, the market share is also growing rapidly, and e-commerce websites are also emerging one after another. The most common security mechanisms in e-commerce are SSL (Secure Sockets Layer Protocol) and SET (Secure Electronic Transaction Protocol).
E-commerce is an evolving concept. 1996, IBM put forward the concept of E-Commerce, 1997, the company put forward the concept of e-commerce. But when China introduced these concepts, they were all translated into e-commerce, and many people confused these two concepts. In fact, these two concepts and contents are different. E-commerce should be translated into e-commerce. Some people call e-commerce in a narrow sense and e-commerce in a broad sense. E-commerce refers to the electronization of trade activities at all stages in the whole trade process, and e-commerce refers to the electronization of business processes of all business activities by using the network.
classify
According to the operation mode of commercial activities, e-commerce can be divided into complete e-commerce and incomplete e-commerce;
According to the content of business activities, e-commerce mainly includes indirect e-commerce (electronic ordering and payment of tangible goods still need to use traditional channels such as postal service and commercial express delivery) and direct e-commerce (intangible goods and services, such as online ordering, payment and delivery of some computer software and entertainment products, or global information services);
According to the scope of electronic transactions, e-commerce can be divided into regional e-commerce, remote domestic e-commerce and global e-commerce;
According to the type of network used, e-commerce can be divided into e-commerce based on special value-added network (EDI), e-commerce based on Internet and e-commerce based on intranet.
According to the transaction object, e-commerce can be divided into business-to-business e-commerce (B2B), business-to-consumer e-commerce (B2C), business-to-government e-commerce (B2G), consumer-to-government e-commerce (C2G), consumer-to-consumer e-commerce (C2C), e-commerce with mutual transformation among enterprises, consumers and agents (ABC) and new consumer-centered business model (C2B2S).
American Broadcasting Company Inc (ABC)
ABC = agent, enterprise, consumer
ABC mode is a new type of e-commerce mode, which is considered as the fourth largest e-commerce mode after Alibaba B2B mode, JD.COM Mall B2C mode and Taobao C2C mode. It is an e-commerce platform integrating production, operation and consumption, which is jointly built by agents, merchants and consumers. The three can be transformed. We serve and support each other. You have me and I have you, which truly forms the unity of interests.
Enterprise to enterprise
B2B = Business to Business
Business-to-business e-commerce refers to the exchange of products, services and information between enterprises through the Internet. Generally speaking, the supply and demand sides of e-commerce transactions are merchants (or enterprises and companies), who use Internet technology or various business network platforms (such as Tuoshang.com) to complete the process of business transactions. These processes include: publishing supply and demand information, ordering and confirming orders, payment process, issuing, transmitting and receiving bills, determining distribution scheme and monitoring distribution process.
office to customer
B2C = Business to Customer
B2C mode is the earliest e-commerce mode in China. Now there are many B2C e-commerce websites, such as Tmall Mall, JD.COM Mall, Store 1, Amazon, Suning.cn and Gome Online.
From consumer to consumer
C2C = consumer to consumer
C2C, like B2B and B2C, is one of several modes of e-commerce. The difference is that C2C is a user-to-user mode. C2C business platform is to provide an online trading platform for buyers and sellers, so that sellers can actively provide online auction of goods, and buyers can choose their own goods for bidding.
B2M
B2M = business to manager
Compared with B2B, B2C and C2C, B2M is a brand-new e-commerce model. This kind of e-commerce is essentially different from the above three, and its fundamental difference lies in the different nature of the target customer groups. The target customers of the first three are consumers, while the target customers of B2M are the sellers or workers of enterprises or products, not the final consumers.
B2G (B2A)
B2G = business to government
B2G mode is an e-commerce between enterprises and government management departments, such as government procurement declaration platform and tax declaration platform of State Taxation Bureau and Local Taxation Bureau.
M2C
M2C is an extended concept for B2M e-commerce model. In the B2M link, enterprises publish their products or services through the network platform, professional managers obtain the information of their products or services through the network, and provide products sales or enterprise services for enterprises, and enterprises achieve the purpose of selling products or obtaining services through the services of managers.
O2O
O2O = Online to Offline
O2O is a new business model of e-commerce, which combines offline business opportunities with the Internet, making the Internet a prospect of offline transactions. In this way, offline services can attract customers online, consumers can screen services online, and transactions can be settled online, which will soon reach scale. The most important feature of this model is that the promotion effect can be checked and every transaction can be tracked. For example, online to offline of Lemme has established a large number of website portals through search engines and social platforms, attracting a group of home online shoppers to Lemme Home Network, and then draining them to the local Lemme Experience Hall. The offline experience hall undertakes product display and experience and some after-sales service functions.
C2B
C2B = customer to business
C2B is an e-commerce model, that is, consumers to businesses. The C2B model first popularized in the United States may be a noteworthy attempt. The core of C2B mode is to form a strong purchasing group by aggregating scattered but huge users, thus changing the weak position of users under B2C mode and allowing them to enjoy the benefits of buying single products at the price of big wholesalers.
P2D
P2D = available on demand.
P2D is a brand-new and broader e-commerce model, which emphasizes the multiple identities of both the supplier and the demander, that is, in a specific e-commerce platform, both the supplier and the demander of each participant can be fully satisfied, which fully reflects the increasing income of both the supplier and the demander in a specific environment.
B2B2C
B2B2C = business to business to customer.
The so-called B2B2C is a new way of network communication and sales. The first b refers to the seller in a broad sense (that is, finished products, semi-finished products, material suppliers, etc.) ), and the second b refers to the trading platform, that is, to provide a contact platform for buyers and sellers and provide high-quality additional services, and c refers to the buyer. The seller can be a company or an individual, that is, a seller in a logical buying and selling relationship.
C2B2S
C2B2S = Customer-to-Enterprise Share
C2B2S mode is a further extension of C2B mode, which solves the problem that in C2B mode, customers can't gather a huge customer group at the initial stage of releasing the required products, which leads to the failure of trading with invited merchants. The first platform in China to adopt this model: sunny music.
B2T
Internationally called B2T(Business To Team), it is another e-commerce mode after B2B, B2C and C2C. That is, purchasing from a merchant for a team. Group buying B2T was originally defined as "group buying", but now, with the popularity of the Internet, group buying has become a consumer revolution in which many China people participate. Internet has become a new way of consumption. The so-called online group buying means that consumers who don't know each other gather funds with the help of "the power of gathering people online" and increase their bargaining power with merchants to get the best price. Although the emergence of online group buying has only been more than two years, it has become a popular new consumption mode among netizens. It is understood that the main force of online group buying is young people aged 25 to 35, which is very common in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen.